Imaging is now a well established component of radiation therapy with all major imaging modalities represented and numerous examples in which these modalities have been used in treatment planning to allow increased ac...Imaging is now a well established component of radiation therapy with all major imaging modalities represented and numerous examples in which these modalities have been used in treatment planning to allow increased accuracy and precision in the delivery of dose.While these developments are well established since a fairly long time for external beam radiotherapy,they are yet to be firmly established in many brachytherapy units all over the world particularly in the developing countries.We will review the basic principles of image-based brachytherapy and explore the potential clinical opportunities behind this innovative technique.展开更多
Objective:The aim of our study was to explore the influence of interstitial brachytherapy with 125I seeds on Caspase-3 and Egr-1 expressions of Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL mice.Methods:Model mice of C57BL were plant...Objective:The aim of our study was to explore the influence of interstitial brachytherapy with 125I seeds on Caspase-3 and Egr-1 expressions of Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL mice.Methods:Model mice of C57BL were planted with Lewis lung cells (LLC) and divided into the treatment group (n=18) and the control group (n=17).In each mouse of the treatment group,two BT-125-1 Model 125I seeds with apparent activity of 9.25 MBq were implanted into the tumor;whereas in each mouse of the control group two dummy seeds were implanted.The mice survival rates of both groups were recorded after 21 days.The tumor weights and dimensions of survived mice were measured,and the tumor volume inhibition rate was calculated.T-test was performed to compare differences of tumor weights and volumes between these two groups.Routine pathological slides of tumor tissue were observed under light microscope.The expression of Caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemical method and the expression of Egr-1 was detected by RT-PCR method.Results:The survival rates were 88.88% in the treatment group and 70.59% in the control group,the difference had no statistical significance (P > 0.05).The tumor volume inhibition rate was 71.12%.Pathological examination showed degeneration and necrosis of cancer cells at the site nearby the seed in the treated group,but the tumor cells alive were still presented nearby the seed in the control group.The expressions of Caspase-3 and Egr-1 in the treated group were higher than those in the control group (t=12.825,P < 0.01;t=7.039,P < 0.01;respectively).Conclusion:The interstitial brachytherapy with 125I seeds could significantly inhibit the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma of mice.The possible mechanism may be that 125I interstitial brachytherapy can enhance the expressions of Egr-1 and Caspase-3,which could induce tumor cellular apoptosis.展开更多
Intraoperative radiotherapy （IORT） in its broadest sense refers to the delivery of radiation at the time of an opera- tion. It includes multiple techniques, namely intraoperative electron irradiation, intraoperative...Intraoperative radiotherapy （IORT） in its broadest sense refers to the delivery of radiation at the time of an opera- tion. It includes multiple techniques, namely intraoperative electron irradiation, intraoperative brachytherapy and intraopera- rive photon irradiation. It has a wide range of existing and potentially enlarging clinical applications. We will discuss in this review the rationale for and use of intraoperative irradiation in conjunction with surgical exploration with or without external- beam irradiation （EBRT） and chemotherapy.展开更多
The objective of this work is to develop an automation system for quality control （QC） in the production of Iodine-125 sealed sources, after undergoing the process of laser beam welding （LBW）. These sources, also ...The objective of this work is to develop an automation system for quality control （QC） in the production of Iodine-125 sealed sources, after undergoing the process of laser beam welding （LBW）. These sources, also known as Iodine-125 seeds are used, successfully, in the treatment of cancer by brachytherapy, with low-dose rates. Each small seed is composed of a welded titanium capsule with 0.8 mm diameter and 4.5 mm in length, containing Iodine-125 adsorbed on an internal silver wire. The seeds are implanted in the human prostate to irradiate the tumor and treat the cancerous cells. The technology to automate the quality control system in the manufacture of lodine-125 seeds consists in developing and associate mechanical parts, electronic components and pneumatic circuits to control machines and processes. The automation technology for Iodine-125 seed production developed in this work employs programmable logic controller （PLC）, step motors, drivers of control, electrical-electronic interfaces, photoelectric sensors, interfaces of communication and software development. Industrial automation plays an important role in the production of Iodine-125 seeds, with higher productivity and high standard of quality, facilitating the implementation and operation of processes with good manufacturing practices （GMP）. Nowadays, the Radiation Technology Centre at IPEN-CNEN/SP imports and distributes 36,000 lodine-125 seeds per year for clinics and hospitals in the whole country. However, the Brazilian potential market is of 8,000 lodine-125 seeds per month. Therefore, the local production of these radioactive seeds has become a priority for the Institute, aiming to reduce the price and increase the supply to the population in Brazil.展开更多
Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome and complications of cervical cancer patients undergoing conventional intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Meth...Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome and complications of cervical cancer patients undergoing conventional intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Methods: Sixty cervical cancer patients were divided randomly into the conformal group and the conventional group. Thirty patients treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy in the 3DCRT group, when the whole pelvic received DT 40 Gy, a planning CT scan of each patient was obtained and the second 3DCRT therapy plan was taken. Then, continued to irradiate to 50 Gy. At last, 3DCRT was boosted at local involved volumes to the total dose of 60 Gy. When 3DCRT was combined with intracavitary brachytherapy, the dose of brachytherapy to point A was 30 Gy/5 fractions. In the conventional group, after a total tumor dose of 40 Gy was delivered by the whole pelvic irradiation, the four-field technique was used to irradiate the total pelvic and regional nodes (median dose of 10 Gy), and the involved volumes were boosted to 60 Gy and the dose of brachytherapy to point A was 30 Gy-36 Gy/5-6 fractions. Moreover, both groups were combined with intracavitary brachytherapy respectively. Results: The 1, 2, 3-year survival rates for the 3DCRT group and the conventional group were 96.7%, 93.3%, 90.0% and 86.6%, 76.7%, 70% respectively (P = 0.04, P = 0.02 and P = 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Compared to the two groups each other in toxic effects, except for the I-II grade rectal and bladder reaction and pelvic fibrosis which was lower in the 3DCRT group (P = 0. 007, P = 0. 006 and P = 0. 015), the side effects were similar and well tolerated in two groups. Conclusion: The all-course 3DCRT combined with intracavitary brachytherapy can be considered as an effective and feasible approach to cervical cancer and may significantly improve the survival rate and reduce the late toxicity. This new role for 3DCRT merits need further evaluation with large patient numbers and longer follows up.展开更多
Objective： It is recommended that transurethral resection of the prostate （TURP） after brachytherapy should not be performed at an early stage after implantation. Herein we report our experiences and the results of...Objective： It is recommended that transurethral resection of the prostate （TURP） after brachytherapy should not be performed at an early stage after implantation. Herein we report our experiences and the results of channel TURP （cTURP） within six months post-implant for patients with refractory urinary retention. Methods： One hundred and ninety patients with localized prostate cancer of clinical stages Tlc to T2c were treated by brachytherapy as monotherapy at our institution from February 2009 to July 2013. Nine patients who developed refractory urinary retention and underwent cTURP within six months after brachytherapy were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results： The median interval between prostate brachytherapy and cTURP was three months （range 1.5 to 5.0 months） There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications and no incontinence resulting from the surgery. All urinary retention was relieved per the American Brachytherapy Society urinary symptom score. With a mean follow-up time of 16 months （range 6 to 26 months） after cTURP, no patient experienced biochemical recurrence. The mean serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） of the patients who underwent cTURP was 0.42 ng/ml （range 0.08 to 0.83 ng/ml） at the end of their follow-up. Conclusions： Early cTURP was found to be safe and effective in relieving urinary retention after brachytherapy and could be performed without compromising its therapeutic efficacy.展开更多
文摘Imaging is now a well established component of radiation therapy with all major imaging modalities represented and numerous examples in which these modalities have been used in treatment planning to allow increased accuracy and precision in the delivery of dose.While these developments are well established since a fairly long time for external beam radiotherapy,they are yet to be firmly established in many brachytherapy units all over the world particularly in the developing countries.We will review the basic principles of image-based brachytherapy and explore the potential clinical opportunities behind this innovative technique.
文摘Objective:The aim of our study was to explore the influence of interstitial brachytherapy with 125I seeds on Caspase-3 and Egr-1 expressions of Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL mice.Methods:Model mice of C57BL were planted with Lewis lung cells (LLC) and divided into the treatment group (n=18) and the control group (n=17).In each mouse of the treatment group,two BT-125-1 Model 125I seeds with apparent activity of 9.25 MBq were implanted into the tumor;whereas in each mouse of the control group two dummy seeds were implanted.The mice survival rates of both groups were recorded after 21 days.The tumor weights and dimensions of survived mice were measured,and the tumor volume inhibition rate was calculated.T-test was performed to compare differences of tumor weights and volumes between these two groups.Routine pathological slides of tumor tissue were observed under light microscope.The expression of Caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemical method and the expression of Egr-1 was detected by RT-PCR method.Results:The survival rates were 88.88% in the treatment group and 70.59% in the control group,the difference had no statistical significance (P > 0.05).The tumor volume inhibition rate was 71.12%.Pathological examination showed degeneration and necrosis of cancer cells at the site nearby the seed in the treated group,but the tumor cells alive were still presented nearby the seed in the control group.The expressions of Caspase-3 and Egr-1 in the treated group were higher than those in the control group (t=12.825,P < 0.01;t=7.039,P < 0.01;respectively).Conclusion:The interstitial brachytherapy with 125I seeds could significantly inhibit the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma of mice.The possible mechanism may be that 125I interstitial brachytherapy can enhance the expressions of Egr-1 and Caspase-3,which could induce tumor cellular apoptosis.
文摘Intraoperative radiotherapy （IORT） in its broadest sense refers to the delivery of radiation at the time of an opera- tion. It includes multiple techniques, namely intraoperative electron irradiation, intraoperative brachytherapy and intraopera- rive photon irradiation. It has a wide range of existing and potentially enlarging clinical applications. We will discuss in this review the rationale for and use of intraoperative irradiation in conjunction with surgical exploration with or without external- beam irradiation （EBRT） and chemotherapy.
文摘The objective of this work is to develop an automation system for quality control （QC） in the production of Iodine-125 sealed sources, after undergoing the process of laser beam welding （LBW）. These sources, also known as Iodine-125 seeds are used, successfully, in the treatment of cancer by brachytherapy, with low-dose rates. Each small seed is composed of a welded titanium capsule with 0.8 mm diameter and 4.5 mm in length, containing Iodine-125 adsorbed on an internal silver wire. The seeds are implanted in the human prostate to irradiate the tumor and treat the cancerous cells. The technology to automate the quality control system in the manufacture of lodine-125 seeds consists in developing and associate mechanical parts, electronic components and pneumatic circuits to control machines and processes. The automation technology for Iodine-125 seed production developed in this work employs programmable logic controller （PLC）, step motors, drivers of control, electrical-electronic interfaces, photoelectric sensors, interfaces of communication and software development. Industrial automation plays an important role in the production of Iodine-125 seeds, with higher productivity and high standard of quality, facilitating the implementation and operation of processes with good manufacturing practices （GMP）. Nowadays, the Radiation Technology Centre at IPEN-CNEN/SP imports and distributes 36,000 lodine-125 seeds per year for clinics and hospitals in the whole country. However, the Brazilian potential market is of 8,000 lodine-125 seeds per month. Therefore, the local production of these radioactive seeds has become a priority for the Institute, aiming to reduce the price and increase the supply to the population in Brazil.
文摘Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome and complications of cervical cancer patients undergoing conventional intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Methods: Sixty cervical cancer patients were divided randomly into the conformal group and the conventional group. Thirty patients treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy in the 3DCRT group, when the whole pelvic received DT 40 Gy, a planning CT scan of each patient was obtained and the second 3DCRT therapy plan was taken. Then, continued to irradiate to 50 Gy. At last, 3DCRT was boosted at local involved volumes to the total dose of 60 Gy. When 3DCRT was combined with intracavitary brachytherapy, the dose of brachytherapy to point A was 30 Gy/5 fractions. In the conventional group, after a total tumor dose of 40 Gy was delivered by the whole pelvic irradiation, the four-field technique was used to irradiate the total pelvic and regional nodes (median dose of 10 Gy), and the involved volumes were boosted to 60 Gy and the dose of brachytherapy to point A was 30 Gy-36 Gy/5-6 fractions. Moreover, both groups were combined with intracavitary brachytherapy respectively. Results: The 1, 2, 3-year survival rates for the 3DCRT group and the conventional group were 96.7%, 93.3%, 90.0% and 86.6%, 76.7%, 70% respectively (P = 0.04, P = 0.02 and P = 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Compared to the two groups each other in toxic effects, except for the I-II grade rectal and bladder reaction and pelvic fibrosis which was lower in the 3DCRT group (P = 0. 007, P = 0. 006 and P = 0. 015), the side effects were similar and well tolerated in two groups. Conclusion: The all-course 3DCRT combined with intracavitary brachytherapy can be considered as an effective and feasible approach to cervical cancer and may significantly improve the survival rate and reduce the late toxicity. This new role for 3DCRT merits need further evaluation with large patient numbers and longer follows up.
文摘Objective： It is recommended that transurethral resection of the prostate （TURP） after brachytherapy should not be performed at an early stage after implantation. Herein we report our experiences and the results of channel TURP （cTURP） within six months post-implant for patients with refractory urinary retention. Methods： One hundred and ninety patients with localized prostate cancer of clinical stages Tlc to T2c were treated by brachytherapy as monotherapy at our institution from February 2009 to July 2013. Nine patients who developed refractory urinary retention and underwent cTURP within six months after brachytherapy were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results： The median interval between prostate brachytherapy and cTURP was three months （range 1.5 to 5.0 months） There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications and no incontinence resulting from the surgery. All urinary retention was relieved per the American Brachytherapy Society urinary symptom score. With a mean follow-up time of 16 months （range 6 to 26 months） after cTURP, no patient experienced biochemical recurrence. The mean serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） of the patients who underwent cTURP was 0.42 ng/ml （range 0.08 to 0.83 ng/ml） at the end of their follow-up. Conclusions： Early cTURP was found to be safe and effective in relieving urinary retention after brachytherapy and could be performed without compromising its therapeutic efficacy.
