还原态铁／活性炭催化剂的聚苯乙烯包膜研究

用聚苯乙烯对还原后极易氧化的Ｆｅ／Ａｃ（铁／活性炭）催化剂作包膜保护，其方法简易。包膜后的实验结果：在穆斯堡尔谱（ＭＢＳ）测定中，样品中超顺磁体小颗粒的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３含量增高５％；但在Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）及红外光谱（ＩＲ）的测定中，包膜后的测定结果理想，表明还原样品可用聚苯乙烯包膜后。

稻草不同还田方式对盐渍型水稻土铁形态的影响

【目的】探讨适合北方地区的稻草合理还田方式。【方法】采用室内淹水培养方法,研究添加等碳的腐熟稻草(F)、直还稻草(Z)、稻草生物炭(S)等处理对滨海盐渍型水稻土铁存在形态的影响。【结果】在培养0~180 d中,F、Z处理土壤水溶态铁含量随培养时间呈现先降低再增高后降低的变化;各处理土壤的弱酸态铁含量随培养时间逐渐增加、残渣态铁含量随培养时间先增加后减少。培养90 d后,F、Z和S处理使土壤可还原态铁含量显著高于CK,且Z>F>S。培养180 d后,各处理土壤的水溶性铁和弱酸态铁含量显著高于CK,而残渣态铁含量均显著低于CK;土壤水溶性铁含量大小依次为:Z>S>F;土壤弱酸态铁含量大小依次为:Z>F>S。【结论】此试验条件下,不同稻草添加方式使滨海盐渍型水稻土的残渣态铁向水溶态铁和弱酸态铁转化,Z处理比S和F处理的增加幅度更大。

Solid-state reduction kinetics and mechanism of pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate

The solid-state reduction kinetics of pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate was studied. The phase and microstructure of the reduction product were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS methods, based on which the mechanism of the solid-state reduction was investigated. The results showed that using coal as reductant at 950-1100 °C, the solid-state reduction of the pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate was controlled by interface chemical reaction and the apparent activation energy was 67.719 k J/mol. The mineral phase transformation during the reduction process can be described as follows： pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate → ulvospinel → ilmenite → Fe Ti2O5 →（FenTi1-n）Ti2O5. M3O5-type（M can be Fe, Ti, Mg, Mn, etc） solid solutions would be formed during the reduction process of the pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate at 1050 °C for 60 min. The poor reducibility of iron in M3O5 solid solutions is the main reason to limit the reduction property of pre-oxidized vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate.

Rare earth element and yttrium compositions of the Paleoproterozoic Yuanjiacun BIF in the Lüliang area and their implications for the Great Oxidation Event(GOE)

In China, most Precambrian banded iron formations （BIFs） are situated in the North China Craton. The Yuanjiacun iron depos- it, located in the Ltlliang area, is arguably the most representative Superior-type BIF. This iron deposit is coherent with the sedimentary rock succession of the Yuanjiacun Formation in the lower Lliliang Group, and was interpreted to be deposited at 2.3-2.1 Ga, based on ages of overlying and underlying volcanic strata. This age overlaps with the time range of the Great Oxidation Event （GOE, 2.4-2.2 Ga）. The Yuanjiacun BIF consists mainly of subhedral-xenomorphic magnetite and quartz and rarely other minerals with a lower degree of metamorphism, from greenschist to lower amphibolite facies. The geochemical characteristics of this BIF are similar to those of Superior-type BIFs. Prominent positive La, Y, and Eu anomalies normalized by the Post Archean Australian Shale （PAAS） indicate that the primary chemical precipitate is a result of solutions that repre- sent mixtures of seawater and high-T hydrothermal fluids. The contamination from crustal detritus found is negligible based on low abundances of Al2O3 and TiO2 （〈0.5%） and of trace elements such as Th, Hf, Zr, and Sc （〈1.5 ppm）, as well as the lack of co-variations between Al2O3 and TiO2. In particular, the Yuanjiacun BIF samples do not display significant negative Ce anom- alies like those of the Archean iron formations, but rather, the Yuanjiacun BIF samples exhibit prominent positive Ce anoma- lies, low Y/Ho ratios, and high light to heavy REE （（Pr/Yb）sN） ratios, which are essentially consistent with the late Paleoprote- rozoic （〈2.0 Ga） BIFs around the world. These characteristics of the Yuanjiacun BIF samples imply that the ancient ocean （2.3-2.1 Ga） was redox-stratified from oxic shallow water to deeper anoxic water. The specific redox conditions of the ancient ocean may be related to the GOE, which gave rise to the oxidation of Ce and Mn in the upper water, and to the presence of a Mn oxide shuttle in the ocean, resulting in varying REE patterns due to the precipitation and dissolution of this Mn oxide shut tle under different redox states. Therefore, the Yuanjiacun BIF appears to have formed near the redoxcline and lower-level reduced marine water.

High-pressure experimental verification of rutile-ilmenite oxybarometer: Implications for the redox state of the subduction zone

The more oxidized mantle peridotites above subducting slabs than stable continental areas have been attributed to the infiltration of some oxidizing fluids released from the subducting slabs. However, knowledge for the redox states of the slabs itself is very limited. Until now, few oxybarometers can be directly used to constrain the redox states of the subducting slabs.The rutile-ilmenite oxybarometer was proposed and successfully applied to constrain the oxygen fugacity of mantle assemblages.However, its application to rocks equilibrated at crustal P-T conditions has been hampered by some uncertainties in an early solid solution model of ilmenite. With a newly-released solid solution model for the ilmenite, we have conducted high-P experiments(at 3 and 5 GPa, and 900–1300°C) to test the accuracy of this oxybarometer. The experiments were performed with their oxygen fugacities controlled by the CCO buffer(i.e., C+O_2=CO_2). We demonstrated that the oxygen fugacities calculated for our high-P experimental products by using the rutile-ilmenite oxybarometer were in excellent agreement with the fO_2 dictated by the CCO buffer, suggesting a wide applicability of this oxybarometer to crust rocks. As examples, the rutile-ilmenite oxybarometer has been used to constrain the oxygen fugacities of some metamorphic rocks such as eclogite, granulite and amphibolite usually observed from the subduction zones.