Environmental Effects of Returning Rice and Wheat Straw to Fields

Based on advances in returning rice and wheat straw to fields at home and abroad, environmental physical, chemical and ecological effects of returning rice and wheat straw to fields were analyzed. The results show that returning straw to fields can enhance soil porosity, reduce soil bulk density, and increase the ca- pacity of soil to preserve water, fertilizer and temperature. Besides, it can improve the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, of which the increase of potassium content is the most obvious. Meanwhile, it can provide energy and nutrients for microorganisms in soil and change the activity of soil enzymes, of which it affects invertase most greatly and enhances the activity of ure- ase but has no effect on neutral phosphatase. In addition, it can enhance the total quantity of microorganisms in soil obviously, and the increase correlates positively with the quantity of straw returning to fields. Finally, returning straw to fields can promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

玉米不同部位秸秆腐解特征及其影响因素研究

采用尼龙网袋法,研究不同还田方式(覆盖、深埋)、不同还田环境(室内高温环境、生产田自然环境)条件下,不同秸秆长度(10 cm、20 cm、30 cm、40 cm)、不同植株部位(茎、叶、穗轴)秸秆的腐解规律及其相互影响作用,探索适宜当地生产和生态条件的玉米秸秆还田方式。结果表明,玉米茎秆腐解过程总体呈"快-慢-快-慢"趋势,两年腐解率达62.10%～73.23%;玉米叶还田的腐解规律表现为前期快后期慢,第一个月腐解率达22.80%～40.78%。秸秆腐解速率显著受秸秆部位、还田环境、还田深度及秸秆长度影响,且各影响因素间交互作用对秸秆腐解速率影响显著(P<0.01)。不同部位秸秆腐解速率常数k差异较大。在本试验条件下,小秸秆深埋还田最有利于秸秆腐解。