An efficient algorithm ESA combining evolution strategies(ES) with simulated annealing(SA) is proposed in this paper. We first use ES to choose an initial temperature, then use a modified SA to find a global optimum f...An efficient algorithm ESA combining evolution strategies(ES) with simulated annealing(SA) is proposed in this paper. We first use ES to choose an initial temperature, then use a modified SA to find a global optimum for the problem. An efficient load flow method and a heuristic criterion for determining the temperature lowering scheme are employed in order to speed up the computation. The solution algorithm has been tested on a distribution system with very promising results.展开更多
Increasing populations are causing an increase in food demands, and the area of cultivated land expands every year. Inappropriate land transition from ecology to production results in the constant decline of the ecolo...Increasing populations are causing an increase in food demands, and the area of cultivated land expands every year. Inappropriate land transition from ecology to production results in the constant decline of the ecological security level and influences the regional sustainable development. Adjusting unreasonable land use mode and reconstructing natural land cover are important ways to maintain and improve the ecological environment. Also reclaiming farmland as areas for forests and grasslands (FRFG) is another way. Successful implementation of FRFG in China is the result of comprehensive effect of the multi-scales driving forces. This paper analyses the driving forces of FRFG in China on a national (country) –regional (province) – local (county) – household (farmer) level scale, and the results are: driving forces at the national scale include ecological and food security and the western development of China; at the regional scale, ecological and economic benefits become the main factors to influence the dimension of FRFG under the same policy. The driving forces can be divided into 6 types: industrial structure adjustment, water source protection, flood prevention, the Three-Gorge Project protection, reduction of the amount of sediment flowing into the Yellow River and wind erosion desertification prevention. The driving forces at the local scale can be divided into 12 types with developing leading industries, increasing farmers’ income and improving agricultural production conditions as the main types; at the household scale, the nationalpolicy meeting farmers’ demands and the optimization of individual interests are all driving forces.展开更多
Based on stochastic optimization strategy, a formulation methodology is proposed for synthesizing distillation column sequences, allowing more than one middle component as the distributing components between a pair of...Based on stochastic optimization strategy, a formulation methodology is proposed for synthesizing distillation column sequences, allowing more than one middle component as the distributing components between a pair of key components in the non-sharp split. In order to represent and manipulate the distillation configuration structures, a new coding procedure is proposed in the form of one-dimensional array. Theoretically, an array can represent any kind of split(non-sharp and sharp). With the application of a binary sort tree approach, a robust flow sheet encoding and decoding procedure is developed so that the problem formulation and solution becomes tractable. In this paper,the synthesis problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) problem and an improved simulated annealing approach is adopted to solve the optimization problem. Besides, a shortcut method is applied to the evaluation of all required design parameters as well as the total function.展开更多
This paper is aimed at studying the environmental degradation of densely built-up areas in the process of urbanization in Qiina. In consideration of the severe environmental conditions of die densely built-up afeas, s...This paper is aimed at studying the environmental degradation of densely built-up areas in the process of urbanization in Qiina. In consideration of the severe environmental conditions of die densely built-up afeas, such as the lack of green space and. open space, ecological disturbance in some areas, poor landscape quality, this paper focused on the ecological space optimization in the process of urban renewal Firstly, theories related to this field were analyzed, and a comprehensive ecological efficiency evaluation sjrstem was established based on disciplines such as urban ecology, landscape ecology, urban sociology, behavioral psychology, biology, urban planning and design. Secondly, this system was used to judge the ecological efficiency of typical blocks on GIS platform and to find out the key spatial nodes that need to be updated. Thirdly, in different cases, space optimization projects witii different theories were designed, and the spatial model of influence was used to comprehensively evaluate their ecological efficiency. Finally, the parameters under different conditions were corrected to get a systematic system for evaluating the green space system in densely built-up areas＊ Due to the lack of undetstanding of the ecological fonction of green space in the past, die environmental condition of densely built-up areas is not good. Therefore, the most important task of urban oigauic renewal is ecological restoiation. In this paper, die exploiation is based on the reservation for built-up afeas to avoid repeated reconstruction and interference. Authors of this paper tried to find out a way to rebuild green space system that performed more complex functions with limited spatial resources. The application of “micfo-ttansfotmation” of green space system in densely built-up areas turns out to improve the quality of landscape while reducing the construction costrds展开更多
Cancer emerged in human history for centuries. It seems that while human beings are evolving, tumors are always on their heels. In order to explain and study the mechanism of tumor progression, we proposed a new hypot...Cancer emerged in human history for centuries. It seems that while human beings are evolving, tumors are always on their heels. In order to explain and study the mechanism of tumor progression, we proposed a new hypothesis that the tumor is a retrogression of life evolution, in other word, a resurgence of some past fragments in human development history. Our inference was based on the fact that tumors are not foreign diseases, but use of human inherent developmental genes to achieve self-improvement. Characteristics and biological behavior of tumor cells are similar to human normal stem cell to some degree. Thus, studying the process of human evolution could speculate and analyze the occurrence and development of tumors. The latest research showed that many cancer treatment were also taking advantages of those features about retrogression. Continuous in-depth analysis about tumor environmental characteristics and internal law of human evolution may produce new approaches to promote cancer prevention and treatment. Our hypothesis, for the first time, proposed that taking advantage of the evolution laws to reverse the tumor progression as a path of life retrogression is better than exterminating them completely as outside enemies. Some new studies on tumor induced differentiation had also demonstrated the clinical significance of our hypothesis展开更多
Through systematic analysis and comparison of the common features of SAA, ES and traditional LS (local search) algorithm, a new hybrid strategy of mixing SA, ES with LS, namely HIEA (Hybrid Intelligent Evolutionary Al...Through systematic analysis and comparison of the common features of SAA, ES and traditional LS (local search) algorithm, a new hybrid strategy of mixing SA, ES with LS, namely HIEA (Hybrid Intelligent Evolutionary Algorithm), is proposed in this paper. Viewed as a whole, the hybrid strategy is also an intelligent heuristic searching procedure. But it has some characteristics such as generality, robustness, etc., because it synthesizes advantages of SA, ES and LS, while the shortages of the three methods are overcome. This paper applies Markov chain theory to describe the hybrid strategy mathematically, and proves that the algorithm possesses the global asymptotical convergence and analyzes the performance of HIEA.展开更多
Anti-globalization trends are in play in the US and Western Europe where electorates are recalcitrant to allow immigrants into their societies, national sovereignty is sought in certain geographic areas, and the natio...Anti-globalization trends are in play in the US and Western Europe where electorates are recalcitrant to allow immigrants into their societies, national sovereignty is sought in certain geographic areas, and the national mood seeks to suppress newly rising countries' trade and development. The continuation of economic downturn in Western countries is reinforced by their internal wealth gap and external competition. As capitalism's demand for profit is now being critiqued along with the emergent profit prospects to be delivered by pending technological progress, the temper of the times could temporarily slow down but not reverse globalization. Timely discussions about reform of international economic order and about an effective national development model should seek sustainable solutions for healthy, stable globalization and development of the world economy.展开更多
Advanced traveler information systems （ATIS） can not only improve drivers＇ accessibility to the more accurate route travel time information, but also can improve drivers＇ adaptability to the stochastic network cap...Advanced traveler information systems （ATIS） can not only improve drivers＇ accessibility to the more accurate route travel time information, but also can improve drivers＇ adaptability to the stochastic network capacity degradations. In this paper, a mixed stochastic user equilibrium model was proposed to describe the interactive route choice behaviors between ATIS equipped and unequipped drivers on a degradable transport network. In the proposed model the information accessibility of equipped drivers was reflected by lower degree of uncertainty in their stochastic equilibrium flow distributions, and their behavioral adaptability was captured by multiple equilibrium behaviors over the stochastic network state set. The mixed equilibrium model was formulated as a fixed point problem defined in the mixed route flows, and its solution was achieved by executing an iterative algorithm. Numerical experiments were provided to verify the properties of the mixed network equilibrium model and the efficiency of the iterative algorithm.展开更多
The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. ...The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. In addition, the use of some grains as inputs in the production of biofuels, has contributed to the price increase in foods, although this production is an alternative to fossil fuels use and can help to reduce further environmental degradation. In this paper we analyze the main variables to be taken into account when negotiating the liberalization of agricultural trade, but also ofbiofuels in the context of Doha Round.展开更多
Impulse observability and impulse controllability of regular degenerate evolution systems are discussed by using functional analysis and operator theory in Banach space. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the imp...Impulse observability and impulse controllability of regular degenerate evolution systems are discussed by using functional analysis and operator theory in Banach space. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the impulse observability and impulse controllability of the system are obtained. This research is theoretically important for studying the design of the degenerate evolution system.展开更多
Consider a semiparametric regression model with linear time series errors Y_k= x′ _kβ + g(t_k) + ε_k, 1 ≤ k ≤ n, where Y_k's are responses, x_k =(x_(k1),x_(k2),···,x_(kp))′ and t_k ∈ T is con...Consider a semiparametric regression model with linear time series errors Y_k= x′ _kβ + g(t_k) + ε_k, 1 ≤ k ≤ n, where Y_k's are responses, x_k =(x_(k1),x_(k2),···,x_(kp))′ and t_k ∈ T is contained in R are fixed design points, β =(β_1,β_2,···,β_p)′ is an unknown parameter vector, g(·) is an unknown bounded real-valuedfunction defined on a compact subset T of the real line R, and ε_k is a linear process given byε_k = ∑ from j=0 to ∞ of ψ_je_(k-j), ψ_0=1, where ∑ from j=0 to ∞ of |ψ_j| < ∞, and e_j,j=0, +-1, +-2,···, ard i.i.d. random variables. In this paper we establish the asymptoticnormality of the least squares estimator of β, a smooth estimator of g(·), and estimators of theautocovariance and autocorrelation functions of the linear process ε_k.展开更多
文摘An efficient algorithm ESA combining evolution strategies(ES) with simulated annealing(SA) is proposed in this paper. We first use ES to choose an initial temperature, then use a modified SA to find a global optimum for the problem. An efficient load flow method and a heuristic criterion for determining the temperature lowering scheme are employed in order to speed up the computation. The solution algorithm has been tested on a distribution system with very promising results.
文摘Increasing populations are causing an increase in food demands, and the area of cultivated land expands every year. Inappropriate land transition from ecology to production results in the constant decline of the ecological security level and influences the regional sustainable development. Adjusting unreasonable land use mode and reconstructing natural land cover are important ways to maintain and improve the ecological environment. Also reclaiming farmland as areas for forests and grasslands (FRFG) is another way. Successful implementation of FRFG in China is the result of comprehensive effect of the multi-scales driving forces. This paper analyses the driving forces of FRFG in China on a national (country) –regional (province) – local (county) – household (farmer) level scale, and the results are: driving forces at the national scale include ecological and food security and the western development of China; at the regional scale, ecological and economic benefits become the main factors to influence the dimension of FRFG under the same policy. The driving forces can be divided into 6 types: industrial structure adjustment, water source protection, flood prevention, the Three-Gorge Project protection, reduction of the amount of sediment flowing into the Yellow River and wind erosion desertification prevention. The driving forces at the local scale can be divided into 12 types with developing leading industries, increasing farmers’ income and improving agricultural production conditions as the main types; at the household scale, the nationalpolicy meeting farmers’ demands and the optimization of individual interests are all driving forces.
基金Supported by the 973 Program of China(2012CB720503)the Open Research Project of State Kay Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-Ch E-13B02)
文摘Based on stochastic optimization strategy, a formulation methodology is proposed for synthesizing distillation column sequences, allowing more than one middle component as the distributing components between a pair of key components in the non-sharp split. In order to represent and manipulate the distillation configuration structures, a new coding procedure is proposed in the form of one-dimensional array. Theoretically, an array can represent any kind of split(non-sharp and sharp). With the application of a binary sort tree approach, a robust flow sheet encoding and decoding procedure is developed so that the problem formulation and solution becomes tractable. In this paper,the synthesis problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) problem and an improved simulated annealing approach is adopted to solve the optimization problem. Besides, a shortcut method is applied to the evaluation of all required design parameters as well as the total function.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Fund of China(51578454)
文摘This paper is aimed at studying the environmental degradation of densely built-up areas in the process of urbanization in Qiina. In consideration of the severe environmental conditions of die densely built-up afeas, such as the lack of green space and. open space, ecological disturbance in some areas, poor landscape quality, this paper focused on the ecological space optimization in the process of urban renewal Firstly, theories related to this field were analyzed, and a comprehensive ecological efficiency evaluation sjrstem was established based on disciplines such as urban ecology, landscape ecology, urban sociology, behavioral psychology, biology, urban planning and design. Secondly, this system was used to judge the ecological efficiency of typical blocks on GIS platform and to find out the key spatial nodes that need to be updated. Thirdly, in different cases, space optimization projects witii different theories were designed, and the spatial model of influence was used to comprehensively evaluate their ecological efficiency. Finally, the parameters under different conditions were corrected to get a systematic system for evaluating the green space system in densely built-up areas＊ Due to the lack of undetstanding of the ecological fonction of green space in the past, die environmental condition of densely built-up areas is not good. Therefore, the most important task of urban oigauic renewal is ecological restoiation. In this paper, die exploiation is based on the reservation for built-up afeas to avoid repeated reconstruction and interference. Authors of this paper tried to find out a way to rebuild green space system that performed more complex functions with limited spatial resources. The application of “micfo-ttansfotmation” of green space system in densely built-up areas turns out to improve the quality of landscape while reducing the construction costrds
文摘Cancer emerged in human history for centuries. It seems that while human beings are evolving, tumors are always on their heels. In order to explain and study the mechanism of tumor progression, we proposed a new hypothesis that the tumor is a retrogression of life evolution, in other word, a resurgence of some past fragments in human development history. Our inference was based on the fact that tumors are not foreign diseases, but use of human inherent developmental genes to achieve self-improvement. Characteristics and biological behavior of tumor cells are similar to human normal stem cell to some degree. Thus, studying the process of human evolution could speculate and analyze the occurrence and development of tumors. The latest research showed that many cancer treatment were also taking advantages of those features about retrogression. Continuous in-depth analysis about tumor environmental characteristics and internal law of human evolution may produce new approaches to promote cancer prevention and treatment. Our hypothesis, for the first time, proposed that taking advantage of the evolution laws to reverse the tumor progression as a path of life retrogression is better than exterminating them completely as outside enemies. Some new studies on tumor induced differentiation had also demonstrated the clinical significance of our hypothesis
文摘Through systematic analysis and comparison of the common features of SAA, ES and traditional LS (local search) algorithm, a new hybrid strategy of mixing SA, ES with LS, namely HIEA (Hybrid Intelligent Evolutionary Algorithm), is proposed in this paper. Viewed as a whole, the hybrid strategy is also an intelligent heuristic searching procedure. But it has some characteristics such as generality, robustness, etc., because it synthesizes advantages of SA, ES and LS, while the shortages of the three methods are overcome. This paper applies Markov chain theory to describe the hybrid strategy mathematically, and proves that the algorithm possesses the global asymptotical convergence and analyzes the performance of HIEA.
文摘Anti-globalization trends are in play in the US and Western Europe where electorates are recalcitrant to allow immigrants into their societies, national sovereignty is sought in certain geographic areas, and the national mood seeks to suppress newly rising countries' trade and development. The continuation of economic downturn in Western countries is reinforced by their internal wealth gap and external competition. As capitalism's demand for profit is now being critiqued along with the emergent profit prospects to be delivered by pending technological progress, the temper of the times could temporarily slow down but not reverse globalization. Timely discussions about reform of international economic order and about an effective national development model should seek sustainable solutions for healthy, stable globalization and development of the world economy.
基金Projects(51378119,51578150)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Advanced traveler information systems （ATIS） can not only improve drivers＇ accessibility to the more accurate route travel time information, but also can improve drivers＇ adaptability to the stochastic network capacity degradations. In this paper, a mixed stochastic user equilibrium model was proposed to describe the interactive route choice behaviors between ATIS equipped and unequipped drivers on a degradable transport network. In the proposed model the information accessibility of equipped drivers was reflected by lower degree of uncertainty in their stochastic equilibrium flow distributions, and their behavioral adaptability was captured by multiple equilibrium behaviors over the stochastic network state set. The mixed equilibrium model was formulated as a fixed point problem defined in the mixed route flows, and its solution was achieved by executing an iterative algorithm. Numerical experiments were provided to verify the properties of the mixed network equilibrium model and the efficiency of the iterative algorithm.
文摘The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. In addition, the use of some grains as inputs in the production of biofuels, has contributed to the price increase in foods, although this production is an alternative to fossil fuels use and can help to reduce further environmental degradation. In this paper we analyze the main variables to be taken into account when negotiating the liberalization of agricultural trade, but also ofbiofuels in the context of Doha Round.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61174081
文摘Impulse observability and impulse controllability of regular degenerate evolution systems are discussed by using functional analysis and operator theory in Banach space. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the impulse observability and impulse controllability of the system are obtained. This research is theoretically important for studying the design of the degenerate evolution system.
基金CHEN Min's work is supported by Grant No. 70221001 and No. 70331001 from NNSFC and Grant No. KZCX2-SW-118 from CAS.
文摘Consider a semiparametric regression model with linear time series errors Y_k= x′ _kβ + g(t_k) + ε_k, 1 ≤ k ≤ n, where Y_k's are responses, x_k =(x_(k1),x_(k2),···,x_(kp))′ and t_k ∈ T is contained in R are fixed design points, β =(β_1,β_2,···,β_p)′ is an unknown parameter vector, g(·) is an unknown bounded real-valuedfunction defined on a compact subset T of the real line R, and ε_k is a linear process given byε_k = ∑ from j=0 to ∞ of ψ_je_(k-j), ψ_0=1, where ∑ from j=0 to ∞ of |ψ_j| < ∞, and e_j,j=0, +-1, +-2,···, ard i.i.d. random variables. In this paper we establish the asymptoticnormality of the least squares estimator of β, a smooth estimator of g(·), and estimators of theautocovariance and autocorrelation functions of the linear process ε_k.
