The multigene families undergo birth-and-death evolution and thus contribute to biological innovations. The APETALA2-1ike genes belong to the euAP2 group of the AP2 gene family. These genes are characterized by severa...The multigene families undergo birth-and-death evolution and thus contribute to biological innovations. The APETALA2-1ike genes belong to the euAP2 group of the AP2 gene family. These genes are characterized by several distinct motifs and exist in ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that these genes have undergone the birth-and-death evolution. The five APETALA2-1ike genes in rice （Oryza sativa L.） display redundant but distinct expression patterns as demonstrated by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The potential functions of these genes were discussed on the basis of phylogenetic and expression pattern.展开更多
In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitt...In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitted to pursue an evolvability systematics for built emerge. The systematics relies upon the key assumptions of Kirschner who sought the characteristics of biological evolution. For an integrated design thinking of an architectural mind, this is a methodological study, which strategically adapts living forms＇ evolvability capacity to built-forms＇ structural emergence. The study outlines the evolution strategy with experimental studios of building and design. The preceding systematic is taught in distinguished courses. It is purposed to build an easy-to-apply framework for how to generate novel structures and how the spatial structure units are organized to emerge with an imagined nature as novel tectonic model. Besides, building up structural thinking into the consilience of evolution strategy, the study is also distinguished for understanding the value system of architectural mind to diagnose the genuine character of inventive built form. Strategy constructs processes. Thinking strategy concludes by the evolvability directives of studio assignments and they are given as flow-charts and project models.展开更多
Complex networks are ubiquitous in our lives. Representative examples are the Internet, social networks, biological networks, E-commerce networks, electrical power grids, and larger-scale engineering systems. It is we...Complex networks are ubiquitous in our lives. Representative examples are the Internet, social networks, biological networks, E-commerce networks, electrical power grids, and larger-scale engineering systems. It is well known that the Internet has been a powerful engine for our societal evolution and technological innovation. Nowadays, network science and engineering faces fundamental challenges, such as understanding the complexity of various large-scale networks, developing new architectures and exploiting new substrates, and enabling new applications and new economics. To a better future, the complex networks in our lives will need to be better： more accessible, more reliable, more predictable, and more secure.展开更多
Advanced Chinese culture today has three interconnected requirements： a） it is an organic component of today＇s advanced world culture; b） it critically absorbs all the best elements of foreign cultures in an organ...Advanced Chinese culture today has three interconnected requirements： a） it is an organic component of today＇s advanced world culture; b） it critically absorbs all the best elements of foreign cultures in an organic combination with the best elements of traditional Chinese culture; and c） it transcends the argument over ＂modernism＂ and ＂post-modernism.＂ From a world- historical perspective, all other necessary features of advanced culture in contemporary China represent the logical unfolding of these three requirements. A full and correct grasp of the three elements constituting the world-historicality of this advanced culture is of important methodological significance in clarifying the world-historical mode of the construction of contemporary Chinese culture and the path to cultural innovation.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30600034 and 30621001)Chinese Acad-emy of Sciences (No. CXTD-S2005-2).
文摘The multigene families undergo birth-and-death evolution and thus contribute to biological innovations. The APETALA2-1ike genes belong to the euAP2 group of the AP2 gene family. These genes are characterized by several distinct motifs and exist in ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that these genes have undergone the birth-and-death evolution. The five APETALA2-1ike genes in rice （Oryza sativa L.） display redundant but distinct expression patterns as demonstrated by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The potential functions of these genes were discussed on the basis of phylogenetic and expression pattern.
文摘In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitted to pursue an evolvability systematics for built emerge. The systematics relies upon the key assumptions of Kirschner who sought the characteristics of biological evolution. For an integrated design thinking of an architectural mind, this is a methodological study, which strategically adapts living forms＇ evolvability capacity to built-forms＇ structural emergence. The study outlines the evolution strategy with experimental studios of building and design. The preceding systematic is taught in distinguished courses. It is purposed to build an easy-to-apply framework for how to generate novel structures and how the spatial structure units are organized to emerge with an imagined nature as novel tectonic model. Besides, building up structural thinking into the consilience of evolution strategy, the study is also distinguished for understanding the value system of architectural mind to diagnose the genuine character of inventive built form. Strategy constructs processes. Thinking strategy concludes by the evolvability directives of studio assignments and they are given as flow-charts and project models.
文摘Complex networks are ubiquitous in our lives. Representative examples are the Internet, social networks, biological networks, E-commerce networks, electrical power grids, and larger-scale engineering systems. It is well known that the Internet has been a powerful engine for our societal evolution and technological innovation. Nowadays, network science and engineering faces fundamental challenges, such as understanding the complexity of various large-scale networks, developing new architectures and exploiting new substrates, and enabling new applications and new economics. To a better future, the complex networks in our lives will need to be better： more accessible, more reliable, more predictable, and more secure.
文摘Advanced Chinese culture today has three interconnected requirements： a） it is an organic component of today＇s advanced world culture; b） it critically absorbs all the best elements of foreign cultures in an organic combination with the best elements of traditional Chinese culture; and c） it transcends the argument over ＂modernism＂ and ＂post-modernism.＂ From a world- historical perspective, all other necessary features of advanced culture in contemporary China represent the logical unfolding of these three requirements. A full and correct grasp of the three elements constituting the world-historicality of this advanced culture is of important methodological significance in clarifying the world-historical mode of the construction of contemporary Chinese culture and the path to cultural innovation.
