不同开度防水锤空气阀的进排气特性数值模拟

为研究不同开度下防水锤空气阀的进排气特性,基于Standardκ-ε湍流模型、压力速度耦合求解器、SIMPLE算法,采用自由气体空穴理论,建立防水锤空气阀进排气的数学模型,对防水锤空气阀进行三维数值模拟,分析不同压差下空气阀中心切面的速度场、压力场变化,求解空气阀进排气压差流量曲线,同时对安装此空气阀的输水系统进行停泵水锤模拟。结果表明,排气时高压区主要分布在防水锤盘片下方,进气时高压区分布在防水锤盘片上部区域,大量排气和进气时气流高速区分布在中浮体、下浮体两侧及防水锤盘片孔口处,少量排气时在孔口处流速较大;随着节流装置开度α的增加,空气阀的动作压力从4 000 Pa减至3 790 Pa,进排气流量系数也不断变化,确定了空气阀工作的最优开度范围为α=8~16。

空气阀排气性能分析

空气阀已成为长距离输水系统中必不可少的设备,担负着管道充水排气,事故、正常停机进气及排气,水锤防护等多项任务。其选型合理与否对工程安全运行影响较大。为此,分析了空气阀排气性能实测资料与公式计算结果的差异,由于空气阀的排气面积与流量系数的乘积不是常量,因此提出在进行压力输水系统水力过渡过程分析时应采用空气阀的实测资料。

空气阀排气性能分析

空气阀是长距离输水系统中必不可少的设备,担负着管道充水排气,事故、正常停机进气及排气,水锤防护等多项任务,其选型合理与否对工程安全运行影响较大。分析了空气阀排气性能实测资料与公式计算结果的差异,提出应根据实测资料选择空气阀。

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation and intake pre-heating on performance and emission characteristics of dual fuel engines at part loads

Achieving simultaneous reduction of NOx,CO and unburned hydrocarbon(UHC) emissions without compromising engine performance at part loads is the current focus of dual fuel engine research.The present work focuses on an experimental investigation conducted on a dual fuel(diesel-natural gas) engine to examine the simultaneous effect of inlet air pre-heating and exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) ratio on performance and emission characteristics at part loads.The use of EGR at high levels seems to be unable to improve the engine performance at part loads.However,it is shown that EGR combined with pre-heating of inlet air can slightly increase thermal efficiency,resulting in reduced levels of both unburned hydrocarbon and NOx emissions.CO and UHC emissions are reduced by 24% and 31%,respectively,The NOx emissions decrease by 21% because of the lower combustion temperature due to the much inert gas brought by EGR and decreased oxygen concentration in the cylinder.