三角形序旋连接法确定手性碳原子构型

对于含手性碳原子的R/S构型标记法,多年来,有许多学者对此问题进行了大量探讨,也总结出许多很有价值的经验。笔者结合自己在教学中的实践和体会,认为三角形序旋连接法在确定手性碳原子构型方面最简单、方便,学生也最容易接受和掌握,在教学中也取得了很好的效果。因此,就三角形序旋连接法的具体应用进行探讨。

胎儿染色体非整倍体无创基因检测试剂盒的临床验证

目的验证胎儿染色体非整倍体(T21、T18、T13)基因检测试剂盒(联合探针锚定连接测序法)在临床检测上的准确性和有效性。方法选择广东省东莞市妇幼保健院的孕妇外周血样本,采用胎儿染色体非整倍体(T21、T18、T13)基因检测试剂盒通过联合探针锚定连接测序法检测,并将结果与临床诊断金标准染色体核型分析结果或出生随访结果作对比。对灵敏度、特异性、总符合率和一致性系数Kappa值进行评价,以验证该试剂盒在临床检测上的准确性和有效性。结果共完成有效样本389例,测序法检出T21阳性6例,T18和T13均未检出阳性,与染色体核型分析结果相符,检测为阴性共383例,经电话随访至出生未发现非整倍体胎儿。统计分析结果显示,测序法与核型分析法总符合率为100%,Kappa=1(≥0.8),其中检测T21的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均为100%;检测T18和T13的特异性、阴性预测值均为100%。结论采用试剂盒通过联合探针锚定连接测序法检测T21、T18、T13的结果准确度高且方法安全,可以在临床上推广使用。

Concatenated Trellis Coding and CPM for DS/SSMA Communications in Rayleigh Fading Channel

In this paper, direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) communication system employing serially concatenated trellis coded modulation (TCM) and continuous phase modulation (CPM) over flat Rayleigh fading channel are presented. The performance of this concatenated TCM/CPM DS/SSMA system is exploited by the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that significant improvements in error probability of this DS/SSMA system over the system with single TCM or CPM of different modulation indices can be achieved under the same conditions.

Tuning the mechanosensitivity of a BK channel by changing the linker length

Some large-conductance Ca^2＋ and voltage-activated K^＋（BK） channels are activated by membrane stretch. However, the mechanism of mechano-gating of the BK channels is still not well understood. Previous studies have led to the proposal that the linker-gating ring complex functions as a passive spring, transducing the force generated by intracellular Ca^2＋ to the gate to open the channel. This raises the question as to whether membrane stretch is also transmitted to the gate of mechanosensitive （MS） BK channels via the linker-gating complex. To study this, we changed the linker length in the stretch-activated BK channel （SAKCaC）, and examined the effect of membrane stretch on the gating of the resultant mutant channels. Shortening the linker increased, whereas extending the linker reduced, the channel mechanosensitivity both in the presence and in the absence of intracellular Ca^2＋. However, the voltage and Ca^2＋ sensitivities were not significantly altered by membrane stretch. Furthermore, the SAKCaC became less sensitive to membrane stretch at relatively high intracellular Ca^2＋ concentrations or membrane depolarization. These observations suggest that once the channel is in the open-state conformation, tension on the spring is partially released and membrane stretch is less effective. Our results are consistent with the idea that membrane stretch is transferred to the gate via the linker-gating ring complex of the MS BK channels.

Identification of connexin 50 and 57 mRNA in A-type horizontal cells of the rabbit retina

Horizontal cells (HCs) mediate negative feedback to photoreceptors. In the mammalian retina, there are two types of HCs, which are extensively coupled to neighboring cells through homologous gap junctions. The permeability and therefore the strength of feedback can be regulated by light intensity, dopamine and many other factors. However, the component(s) of the most prominent gap junctions, those between A-type HCs in the rabbit retina, is still unknown. In this study, we compared the sequences of many types of mammalian connexins, obtained partial sequences of rabbit connexin 50 and 57. Using specific primers designed against the rabbit sequences, we identified mRNAs of connexin 50 and/or 57 in visually selected single A-type HC using multiplex RT-PCR.

Driving characteristics of octagon-type ultrasonic motor

Structure of the octagon-type ultrasonic motor was proposed and designed so as to allow the motor to drive small actuator. The stator of the motor consisted of the octagon shape elastic body and four rectangular plate ceramics. The four ceramics were attached to outer surfaces of the octagon elastic body. The same phase voltages were applied to the ceramics on horizontal surfaces, and 90° phase difference voltages were applied to the ceramics on vertical surfaces. When the AC voltage with 90° phase difference was applied in ceramics, the elliptical displacement of unimorph bars was generated by generating bending vibration. To find the maximum displacement model that generates elliptical displacement at the centers of the inner surfaces, the finite element analysis program ATILA was used. The analyzed results were compared to the experimental results. As a result, the speed and torque are increased linearly by increasing the input voltage and the speed of motors can be controlled by changing the applied voltages.

Economic Assessment for Optimum Wind Farm Investment Connected to a Distribution System

Decarbonization of electricity industry for the goal of sustainability success has resulted in large investment in alternative energy sources such as wind, solar, biomass. Although these energy resources are sustainable and have the potential of reducing the world carbon foot print, there are costs associated with its utilization. In recent time, electricity from alternative energy sources like wind and solar are not cost competitive with electricity from the conventional power plant. This paper is aimed at investigating the optimum investment in a typical wind farm project using a TSA （time series analysis） alongside simple economic tool, AAP （annual annuity payment） model. This study involves a year round analysis of （8,760h） at different wind farm capacity connected to a 132/33kV DS （distribution system）. It also focused on digressing from the technical and environmental benefits to financial assessment of increasing wind generation capacity in the DS. Indeed, this development presents a risk of investment to the stakeholders which necessitates proper scrutiny and to ensure profitability of the venture. The level of capital cost along with operation and maintenance （OM） costs are either financed by private or public sectors on wind farm with the sole aim of achieving the ROI （return-on-investment）. The results obtained from this study shows the possible ROI is not proportional to the wind capacity invested. Also, a sensitivity analysis conducted revealed the profit derived from wind farm is more responsive to the investment/capital cost and the price at which the electricity is being sold.

Online Assessment System with Offline Capabilities

There has been increasing research in developing offline web applications. This paper concentrates on developing a new methodology for the online assessment web applications that could be used while offline. It is important to retrieve the critical data collected during an examination without a provision of a backup mechanism. There is a need for an assessment system that can adapt to work uninterruptedly and without loss of critical data while there is intermittent intemet discontinuity. This paper describes architecture and implementation of online assessment system with offline capabilities. Online assessment system with offline capabilities will not interrupt examinee＇s experience while appearing for an assessment test if intemet connection is not available. A development methodology is designed and a compliant framework is implemented to enhance online assessment system with offline capabilities.

基于均衡割的无叉积分区连接算法

连接序问题是数据库查询优化中最重要且最具挑战性的问题.传统的动态规划算法通常具有指数级复杂度.基于图形分割的相关理论,提出均衡割分区算法(BCP),通过均衡割将查询图分割成大小相对均衡的分区,避免一次性处理所有连接的关系.BCP算法分区不会产生叉积,并且可以轻易地集成进任何查询优化器中.在Postgre SQL上实现了该算法,并和Postgre SQL现有的分区算法——迭代动态规划算法(IDP)进行对比.实验结果表明:对25个关系以内的随机连接查询,BCP不仅在平均效率上优于IDP算法,而且对分区大小变化也有更好的适应性.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of human genetic disease

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas) protein 9 system(CRISPR/Cas9) provides a powerful tool for targeted genetic editing. Directed by programmable sequence-specific RNAs,this system introduces cleavage and double-stranded breaks at target sites precisely. Compared to previously developed targeted nucleases, the CRISPR/Cas9 system demonstrates several promising advantages, including simplicity, high specificity,and efficiency. Several broad genome-editing studies with the CRISPR/Cas9 system in different species in vivo and ex vivo have indicated its strong potential, raising hopes for therapeutic genome editing in clinical settings. Taking advantage of non-homologous end-joining(NHEJ) and homology directed repair(HDR)-mediated DNA repair, several studies have recently reported the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to successfully correct disease-causing alleles ranging from single base mutations to large insertions. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent preclinical studies involving the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of human genetic diseases.

Detection of ordered wave in the networks of neurons with changeable connection

The probability of long-range connection among neurons could be changeable in biological neuronal networks. In this paper, the probability of long-range connection between neurons is not fixed at a constant but varies in a numerical region (≤p0 ), and then the collective behaviors of neurons are detected. A statistical factor in the two-dimensional space is used to detect the phase transition and robustness of spiral wave in the active network of neurons. It is found that the development of spatiotem-poral pattern depends on the numerical region (≤p0 ) for the probability of long-range connection. Coherence resonance-like behavior is observed due to the fluctuation in the long-range probability. Spiral waves emerge to occupy the network of neurons under an optimized probability of long-range connection, and it shows certain robustness in weak channel noise.

On 3-Submanifolds of S3 Which Admit Complete Spanning Curve Systems

Let M be a compact connected 3-submanifold of the 3-sphere S^3 with one boundary component F such that there exists a collection of n pairwise disjoint connected orientable surfaces S = {S_1, ···, S_n} properly embedded in M, ?S = {?S_1, ···, ?S_n}is a complete curve system on F. We call S a complete surface system for M, and ?S a complete spanning curve system for M. In the present paper, the authors show that the equivalent classes of complete spanning curve systems for M are unique, that is, any complete spanning curve system for M is equivalent to ?S. As an application of the result,it is shown that the image of the natural homomorphism from the mapping class group M(M) to M(F) is a subgroup of the handlebody subgroup Hn.

Continuous-Time Independent Edge-Markovian Random Graph Process

In this paper, the continuous-time independent edge-Markovian random graph process model is constructed. The authors also define the interval isolated nodes of the random graph process, study the distribution sequence of the number of isolated nodes and the probability of having no isolated nodes when the initial distribution of the random graph process is stationary distribution, derive the lower limit of the probability in which two arbitrary nodes are connected and the random graph is also connected, and prove that the random graph is almost everywhere connected when the number of nodes is sufficiently large.