迭代型方法在住院超30天患者管理决策中的应用研究

参考医院住院超30天患者管理的相关规范及文献,遵循迭代型方法的设计思路,结合信息技术,将其应用于医院住院超30天患者的管理决策。通过比较应用前后住院超30天患者人数占出院总人数的比例,可以看出:迭代型方法在医院住院超30天患者管理决策中的应用有效降低了住院超30天患者人数占出院总人数的比例,符合医疗管理的需求,有利于实现医疗质量的持续性改进。

Bi-level model for shared parking decision-making based on parking lot assignment simulation

In order to carry out comprehensive decision-making of multi-class shared parking measures within a region, a bilevel model assisting decision-making is proposed. The upper level selects parkers＇ average satisfaction and the violation rate during peak hours as indices in object function, and sets probability distribution models describing dynamic parking demand of each site, the feasibility of shared parking scenarios and occupancy requirements during peak hours of each parking lot as restrictions. The simulation model in the lower level sets up rules to assign each parker in the random parking demand series to the proper parking lot. An iterative method is proposed to confirm the state of each parking lot at the start of formal simulations. Besides, two patterns linking initialization and formal simulation are presented to acquire multiple solutions. The results of the numerical examples indicate the effectiveness of the model and solution methods.

Dissipative Travelling Wave Solution for El Nio Tropic Sea-air Coupled Oscillator

El Nifio and Southern Oscillation （ENSO） is an interannual phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific sea-air interactions. An asymptotic method of solving equations for the ENSO model is proposed. Based on a class of oscillator of ENSO model and by employing a simple and valid method of the variational iteration, the coupled system for a sea-air oscillator model of interdecadal climate fluctuations is studied. Firstly, by introducing a set of functionals and computing the variationals, the Lagrange multipliers are obtained. And then, the generalized variational iteration expressions are constructed. Finally, by selecting appropriate initial iteration, and from the iterations expressions, the approximations of solution for the sea-air oscillator ENSO model are solved successively. The approximate dissipative travelling wave solution of equations for corresponding ENSO model is studied. It is proved from the results that the method of the variational iteration can be used for analyzing the sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial Pacific of the sea-air oscillator for ENSO model.

非饱和土壤水的集合卡尔曼滤波Ⅱ:不一致性问题解决方法比较

集合卡尔曼滤波(En KF)能够便捷地根据观测信息改进土壤水的预测精度,但在非线性问题中存在不一致性问题:当同时更新变量(水头或含水率)和非饱和水力参数时,En KF会导致参数和变量之间不再服从Richards方程关系。本文以Borden试验场的饱和渗透系数数据为基础,构造土柱试验,研究了不一致性对土壤水数据同化带来的破坏以及相应的迭代型解决方案。研究结果表明:在非均匀土壤中,En KF可能会引发强烈的不一致性,对含水率预测和参数估计的精度造成破坏;不一致性的峰值位置与水流锋面保持一致,且受边界条件影响;对于同类型的观测与待求参数,不一致性一般是随着观测点数量与待求参数数量的比例的增大而减小;当观测与水头或含水率之间具有强烈的非线性时(如强烈的干湿交替),推荐采用能在保证计算效率的前提下有效降低不一致性影响的CEn KF或MREn KF方法;当观测信息相对充足,不一致性可忽略时,En KF方法更具优势。

Solution for a nonlocal elastic bar in tension

In this paper we use an alternative method to study analytically and numerically for a nonlocal elastic bar in tension.The equilibrium equation of the model is a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind.With the aid of an efficient iterative method,we are able to get the approximate analytical solution.For the purpose of comparisons,numerical solutions are also obtained for two types of nonlocal kernels,which show the validity of the analytical solution.The effects of some related parameters are also investigated.

Non-iterative parameter estimation of the 2R-1C model suitable for low-cost embedded hardware

Parameter estimation of the 2 R-1 C model is usually performed using iterative methods that require high-performance processing units.Consequently,there is a strong motivation to develop less time-consuming and more power-efficient parameter estimation methods.Such low-complexity algorithms would be suitable for implementation in portable microcontroller-based devices.In this study,we propose the quadratic interpolation non-iterative parameter estimation(QINIPE)method,based on quadratic interpolation of the imaginary part of the measured impedance,which enables more accurate estimation of the characteristic frequency.The 2 R-1 C model parameters are subsequently calculated from the real and imaginary parts of the measured impedance using a set of closed-form expressions.Comparative analysis conducted on the impedance data of the 2 R-1 C model obtained in both simulation and measurements shows that the proposed QINIPE method reduces the number of required measurement points by 80%in comparison with our previously reported non-iterative parameter estimation(NIPE)method,while keeping the relative estimation error to less than 1%for all estimated parameters.Both non-iterative methods are implemented on a microcontroller-based device;the estimation accuracy,RAM,flash memory usage,and execution time are monitored.Experiments show that the QINIPE method slightly increases the execution time by 0.576 ms(about 6.7%),and requires 24%(1.2 KB)more flash memory and just 2.4%(32 bytes)more RAM in comparison to the NIPE method.However,the impedance root mean square errors(RMSEs)of the QINIPE method are decreased to 42.8%(for the real part)and 64.5%(for the imaginary part)of the corresponding RMSEs obtained using the NIPE method.Moreover,we compared the QINIPE and the complex nonlinear least squares(CNLS)estimation of the 2 R-1 C model parameters.The results obtained show that although the estimation accuracy of the QINIPE is somewhat lower than the estimation accuracy of the CNLS,it is still satisfactory for many practical purposes and its execution time reduces to1/45–1/30.