一个追线问题的数值解法及推广

对一个追线问题进行了讨论,指出了用解析法求解的局限性和数值解法的优点;并将问题推广到了一般情况,得到了有意义的结果.

粒子追踪迹线长度的灵敏度分析及地下水源地保护区划分--以甘河子地下水水源地为例

地下水水源地的供水安全对保障居民安全用水和保护地下水具有重要意义,合理地划分地下水水源地保护区,对水源充分利用和水质保护有着重要作用。以甘河子地下水水源地为计算背景,采用数值模拟的方式建立水源地地下水流模型,基于Morris方法,对渗透系数和有效孔隙度对粒子追踪迹线长度的影响进行局部和全局灵敏度分析。利用ArcMap,分别对根据局部、全局灵敏度计算出的粒子追踪迹线长度进行一级、二级地下水源地保护区初步划分,作为日后根据当地实际情况进行多方协调、最终确认保护区范围的基础,并分析不同分析方法、不同影响因子对保护区面积的模拟结果的影响。结果显示,全局灵敏度与局部灵敏度并非简单线性关系,并且相同条件下,有效孔隙度对于粒子追踪迹线长度和地下水源地保护区范围的影响程度均大于渗透系数。根据局部、全局灵敏度划分的一级、二级地下水源地保护区面积大小关系均为:局部灵敏度(参数为渗透系数)>全局灵敏度>局部灵敏度(参数为有效孔隙度)。

追击问题临界范围的确定

由相对运动的思想,不求出追线函数的具体形式,给出了兔子,猎狗,洞穴的临界范围.作为补充,给出了追线函数上坐标和时间与追逐角的参数方程.

追击问题中关于临界范围是椭圆的证明

通过求解微分方程组导出了追线函数和追击曲线上两个特殊点横坐标的关联方程，依此证明了猎狗能追上兔子的区域是椭圆这一结论，并给出了椭圆方程．

透射式旋转对称光学系统中的偏振像差

为了控制透射式旋转对称光学系统中的偏振效应,提高系统的光学性能,对该系统中的偏振像差进行了分析。在偏振像差理论的基础上,用偏振光线追迹法导出了该系统偏振像差的计算公式。对影响偏振像差的因素进行了分析,提出了透射式旋转对称光学界面产生的偏振像差的影响因子。最后,对一望远物镜进行了偏振像差分析,结果显示,入射角为18.77°时所产生的偏振像差是入射角为7.86°时的5.5倍;镀有膜系Layers2时的偏振像差比镀有MgF2膜时减小了约30%;λ=1.1μm时的偏振像差约为λ=0.55μm时的10倍。分析结果表明,对于具有宽光谱、大入射角、大视场等特点的透射式旋转对称光学系统,要想提高其光学性能,必须控制偏振像差。尽可能减小入射角的大小,将薄膜设计和光学设计结合起来,通过减小偏振分离的方式来降低系统中的偏振效应,是控制光学系统中的偏振像差的有效措施。

光学系统的偏振像差分析

偏振像差是影响光学系统性能的重要因素之一,尤其对偏振有严格要求的光学系统来说更是如此。论述了偏振像差的理论和偏振光线追迹的方法,并对旋转对称光学系统、倾斜偏轴光学系统的偏振像差进行了分析,指出了薄膜设计对偏振像差所产生的重要影响。介绍了提高光学系统偏振精度的几个方法,包括尽可能的减小入射角、薄膜设计的优化和像差之间的相互平衡。

光学系统的偏振像差研究

综合论述了偏振像差的理论,给出了具体的例子,指出偏振是影响光学系统性能的一个重要因素,要想提高光学系统的性能,必须控制光学系统的偏振像差,而且光学系统设计必须与光学薄膜的设计结合起来。

反射式旋转对称光学系统中的偏振像差分析

为了控制反射式旋转对称光学系统中的偏振效应,对该类系统中的偏振像差进行了分析。在偏振像差理论的基础上,通过偏振光线追迹的方法,导出反射式旋转对称光学系统的偏振像差的计算公式,提出了反射界面产生的偏振像差的影响因子,对影响其偏振像差的因素进行了分析。实例分析结果表明,对于具有宽光谱、大入射角、大视场等特点的反射式旋转对称光学系统,要想提高其光学系统的性能,必须控制光学系统的偏振像差。提出尽可能减小入射角的大小,并通过薄膜设计减小偏振分离来降低系统中的偏振效应,是控制反射式旋转对称光学系统中的偏振像差的有效措施。

偏振成像技术的进展

介绍了截至2013年偏振成像技术的研究进展。总结了偏振成像技术的主要研究内容。分别介绍了偏振成像技术方案分类,红外偏振成像仪和偏振焦平面探测器,偏振成像试验,以及偏振光线追迹的最新研究进展。

A minimum traveltime ray tracing global algorithm on a triangular net for propagating plane waves

To address the problem of subdividing inflexible rectangular grid models and their poor definition of velocity interfaces,we propose a complex structure triangular net for a minimum traveltime ray tracing global algorithm.Our procedure is：（1） Subdivide a triangle grid based on the Delaunay triangular subdivision criterion and the relationships of the points,lines,and the surfaces in the subdividing area.（2） Define the topology relationships and related concepts of triangular unit ray tracing.（3） The source point and wave arrival points at any time compose the propagating plane wave and the minimum traveltime and secondary source positions are calculated during the plane wave propagation.We adopt the hyperbolic approximation global algorithm for secondary source retrieving.（4） By minimum traveltime ray tracing,collect the path from receiver to source points with the neighborhood point＇s traveltime and the direction of the secondary source.Numerical simulation examples are given to test the algorithm.The results show that the triangular net ray tracing method demonstrates model subdivision flexibility,precise velocity discontinuity interfaces,and accurate computations.

Antenna Design of Traceability System in Pig Breeding Stage

[Objective] In response to pig breeding stage characteristics,the research aimed to design the traceability system to realize the pig product marking which based on RFID technology. [Method] The antenna＇s design method of electronic tag and reader antenna were expounded and different antennas were used for testing communication test of RFID system. [Result] When the parameter setup such as data transportation ratio was same,the communication distance of external antenna was farther than RCB antenna; compare with three external antennas,the communication distance of coaxial antenna and wall-hanged antenna were farther. In 500 kbps transfer rate,communication distance was within 28 meters,and in 250 kbps transfer rate,communication distance was within 40 meters. Considered the cost of hardware,the price of wall-hanged antenna was higher than coaxial antenna,so in the same communication distance request,system selected coaxial antenna. [Conclusion] During the pig breeding stage,by dint of electronic tag and reader designed by the research could improve the safety of the pork and fully realize the track of source of food and provide technology support for the transparent management of food safety.

光学系统偏振像差的实验分析

为了验证高数值孔径、大入射角、宽光谱的空间光学系统中偏振像差的存在,在激光数字波面干涉仪上对偏振像差进行了实验研究并做了数据分析。论述了偏振像差的两种计算方法,即偏振像差函数的二次扩展式和偏振光线追迹。用软件对激光数字波面干涉仪光学系统分别进行普通光线追迹和偏振光线追迹,PV值增加了33.59%。然后在该系统上对偏振像差进行了实验研究,PV值增加了34.48%。可以看出二者基本吻合。第一次在激光数字波面干涉仪上模拟了空间光学系统,并通过实验证实了改变入射光的偏振态可以改变系统的偏振像差。将实验测得的结果和软件模拟的结果比较后证实了光学系统中偏振像差的存在。

基于自由曲面的空间光学系统偏振像差分析

针对含有自由曲面的空间光学系统中偏振像差对探测精度和成像质量的影响,基于琼斯表示法,提出以条纹泽尼克多项式为表征函数的自由曲面离轴光学系统偏振像差分析方法,构建了自由曲面反射光学系统偏振像差解析模型,分析了条纹泽尼克多项式低阶系数对视场离轴光学系统偏振像差分布的影响;通过全视场偏振光线追迹仿真及系统引入自由曲面前后的对比,揭示了自由曲面对离轴光学系统相位像差、相位延迟和二向衰减3种偏振像差的作用规律;最后,设计了含有自由曲面的大视场离轴三反偏振成像光学系统,并分析了系统全视场的偏振像差。分析结果表明:相位像差分布与自由曲面面形矢高分布一致,自由曲面引起的二向衰减和相位延迟占系统总体二向衰减和相位延迟的52.5%。掌握这种偏振特性变化对于设计深空天文望远镜等甚高精度的光学系统具有重要意义。

基于逆光线追迹方法设计人眼角膜前表面形状研究

为了实现近视眼患者角膜的个性化切削,根据Gullstrand精密人眼理论模型,在已知屈光不正患者矫正度数的情况下,采用偶次非球面拟合人眼角膜前表面,并通过近轴光学理论求出患者的眼轴长变化量。使用提出的逆光线追迹方法对某近视患者的角膜前表面形状进行设计,拟合出8个偶次非球面系数。将系数导入Zemax光学设计软件,对该患者人眼模型的波前像差、点列图和调制传递函数(MTF)进行分析,通过与理想人眼模型成像质量的比较发现,逆光线追迹方法设计的角膜切削方案可以实现理想人眼的成像质量。因此,通过逆光线追迹方法可以为临床上实现近视眼屈光手术的理想矫正提供个性化的新手段。

Developing selective mining capability for longwall shearers using thermal infrared-based seam tracking

Longwall mining continues to remain the most efficient method for underground coal recovery. A key aspect in achieving safe and productive longwall mining is to ensure that the shearer is always correctly positioned within the coal seam. At present, this machine positioning task is the role of longwall personnel who must simultaneously monitor the longwall coal face and the shearer's cutting drum position to infer the geological trends of the coal seam. This is a labour intensive task which has negative impacts on the consistency and quality of coal production. As a solution to this problem, this paper presents a sensing method to automatically track geological coal seam features on the longwall face, known as marker bands, using thermal infrared imaging. These non-visible marker bands are geological features that link strongly to the horizontal trends present in layered coal seams. Tracking these line-like features allows the generation of a vertical datum that can be used to maintain the shearer in a position for optimal coal extraction. Details on the theory of thermal infrared imaging are given, as well as practical aspects associated with machine-based implementation underground. The feature detection and tracking tasks are given with real measurements to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach. The outcome is important as it represents a new selective mining capability to help address a long-standing limitation in longwall mining operations.

Fast and accurate calculation of seismic wave travel time in 3D TTI media

The Tilted tilted transversely isotropic(TTI)media,a kind of anisotropic medium,widely exists within the earth.For faster calculation of travel times in the TTI anisotropic media,we modifi ed a minimum traveltime tree algorithm with high effi ciency by dynamical modifi cation of the secondary wave propagation region during the spread of seismic waves.To manage the wavefront points in the modified version,we used a novel minimum heap sorting technique to reduce the time spent on selecting secondary waves points.In this study,seismic group velocities were obtained from analytical solutions in terms of phase angle,and the corresponding phase angles were determined by binary search rather than approximate equations for weakly anisotropic media.For the most time-consuming part of the secondary wave traveltime calculation,the parallel computation was initially performed using multiple cores and threads.Numerical examples showed that the improved method can calculate seismic travel times and ray paths faster and accurately in a 3D TTI medium.For four cores and eight threads,the computing speed increased by six times when compared to the conventional method.

Construction of Virtual Turning Scene Based on Local Ray Tracing Algorithm

According to the features of the turning simulation, a simplified Whitted lighti ng model is proposed based on the analysis of Phong and other local illumination model. Moreover, in order to obtain the natural lighting effects, local ray tra cing algorithm is given to calculate the light intensity of every position durin g the course of the simulation. This method can calculate the refresh area befor e calculating the intersection line, simulate the machining environment accurate ly and reduce the calculating time. Finally, an example of the virtual cutting s cene is shown to demonstrate the effects of the global illumination model. If th e CUP is 1.3 G and the internal memory is 128 M, the refreshing time of virtual turning scene can be reduced by nine times.This study plays an important role in the enrichment of the virtual manufacturing theory and the promotion of the dev elopment of the advanced manufacturing technology.

几何光学 光学系统、成像与分析

O435．1 2005053223 变折射率介质中光线追迹通用算法的研究=Study on uni- versal ray tracing algorithm in the medium of cariable re- fractive index[刊,中]／黄战华(天津大学精密仪器与光电 子工程学院,光电信息技术科学教育部重点实验室．天津 (300072)),程红飞…∥光学学报．-2005,25(5)．-589-

Research on ray tracing in VTI medium based on different models

The study on seismic anisotropy is one of the difficult problems in the field of geophysics nowadays.As a method of ray theory,the seismic anisotropy ray tracing is an important means to study the anisotropic seismic wave propagation. The traditional ray tracing system formulated in terms of elastic parameters in the anisotropy is more complicated than that in the isotropic case. Considering the difficulty,a kind of ray tracing system formulated in terms of phase velocity and group velocity is introduced. The new method is similar to the expressions for isotropic media,and avoids the trouble of determining the eigenvalue vector at each time. Besides the ray tracing numerical simulation of different models of vertical transversely isotropic( VTI) medium is carried out,in order to verify the accuracy and applicability of the method and further study the characteristics of wave field propagation in different VTI mediums. The study is certainly valuable in reference for later processing of the anisotropic seismic data.

Demodulation spectrum analysis for multi-fault diagnosis of rolling bearing via chirplet path pursuit

The vibration signals of multi-fault rolling bearings under nonstationary conditions are characterized by intricate modulation features,making it difficult to identify the fault characteristic frequency.To remove the time-varying behavior caused by speed fluctuation,the phase function of target component is necessary.However,the frequency components induced by different faults interfere with each other.More importantly,the complex sideband clusters around the characteristic frequency further hinder the spectrum interpretation.As such,we propose a demodulation spectrum analysis method for multi-fault bearing detection via chirplet path pursuit.First,the envelope signal is obtained by applying Hilbert transform to the raw signal.Second,the characteristic frequency is extracted via chirplet path pursuit,and the other underlying components are calculated by the characteristic coefficient.Then,the energy factors of all components are determined according to the time-varying behavior of instantaneous frequency.Next,the final demodulated signal is obtained by iteratively applying generalized demodulation with tunable E-factor and then the band pass filter is designed to separate the demodulated component.Finally,the fault pattern can be identified by matching the prominent peaks in the demodulation spectrum with the theoretical characteristic frequencies.The method is validated by simulated and experimental signals.