黔滇桂岩溶山区退化土壤环境生态修复的探讨

生态系统退化是当今世界面临的主要环境问题。本文对中国西南岩溶山区尤其是贵州、云南、广西三省区岩溶区域概况、土壤环境退化及其生态修复作初步探讨,为我国生态环境的保护与建设提供基础资料。

呼伦贝尔草地风蚀沙化土壤动物对环境退化的响应

为揭示草地沙化过程中土壤动物与土壤环境要素的相互关系,采用野外调查和实验室检测相结合的方法,对呼伦贝尔沙化草地不同沙化阶段土壤有机质、水解氮、速效磷、土壤水分含量、pH值,以及土壤动物群落结构、种群密度、多样性等进行了比较研究.共获得土壤动物4门6纲12目,优势类群中小型土壤动物仅线虫目1类,占总捕获量的94.3%;大型土壤动物为鞘翅目和半翅目2类,占总捕获量的79.7%.随草地沙化程度的不断加剧,土壤动物类群数量、种群密度、多样性和均匀性均呈明显递减趋势,严重沙化草地土壤中的土壤动物完全消失.回归分析表明,呼伦贝尔不同沙化阶段草地0～20cm土层土壤动物密度与土壤养分含量、土壤含水量、pH值及地表枯落物量呈显著线性相关,说明土壤动物群落对沙化草地土壤环境的改变较敏感.

Grassland Evolution Under Soil Degradation: Numerical Simulation and Test

Both theoretical and field observations were examined to study the close relationship between soil degeneration and the evolution of grassland vegetation. A general n-species model of equal competition under different degrees of soil degradation was applied to field data in order to probe the dynamic processes and mechanisms of vegetation evolution due to the effects of the soil's ecological deterioration on grassland vegetation. Comparisons were made between the theoretical results and the practical surveys with satisfactory results.