生活中的佛教用语

佛教起源于公元前五世纪的印度,在大约六世纪中叶经由中国和韩国传到日本.从此,佛教对日本人的生活产生了极大的影响,成为日本两大宗教之一.那么,你知道日常生活中哪些是佛教用语吗?

Annealing hardening and deformation behavior of layered gradient Zr–Ti composite

To investigate potential strengthening approaches,multi-layered zirconium–titanium(Zr-Ti)composites were fabricated by hot-rolling bonding and annealing.The microstructures of these composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)and electron backscatter diffractometry(EBSD).Their mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tension and compression measurements.It was found that the fabricated Zr–Ti composites are composed of alternating Zr/diffusion/Ti layers,and chemical compositions of Zr and Ti showed a gradient distribution in the diffusion layer.Compared with as-rolled samples,annealing can strengthen the layered gradient Zr–Ti composite,and this is mainly caused by solid-solution strengthening and microstructure refinement-induced strengthening.Compared with the raw materials,a synergistic improvement of strength and ductility is achieved in the Zr–Ti composite as a result of the layered gradient microstructure.Tension–compression asymmetry is observed in the Zr–Ti composites,which may be attributed to twinning and microvoids induced by unbalanced diffusion.

Anisotropic tensile behavior and related yield point phenomena in annealed ultrafine-grained pure aluminum

It is found that tensile flow curves of samples of annealed ultrafine-grained aluminum AA1090 show the development of a yield point and a significant mechanical anisotropy.To rationalize the anisotropic tensile behavior,the orientation data of the annealed material were measured using electron backscatter microscopy.It is found that the inferior mechanical properties of samples tested at 45°to the rolling direction may be attributed to a strong rolling texture effect and that the anisotropic magnitude of the yield drop may be related to the proportion of grains with soft orientations(defined as those with Schmid factor greater than 0.45)in the sample.Additionally,it is found that the anisotropy in tensile ductility is in general agreement with a Considère criterion analysis and that the mechanical anisotropy in the samples is only partly explained by the crystallographic texture,where microstructural anisotropy may also play a role.

DIOPTER REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF MYOPIA

Objective To evaluate the relevant factors of regression phenomenon of laser in situ kerato-mileusis (LASIK) for treatment of myopia. Methods We studied 408 eyes of 250 myopic patients who received LASIK. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to preoperative diopters (- 6 .00D- -10 .00D, 194 eyes;-10.10D- -15 .00D, 214 eyes). Mean period of follow-up were 12 months and the results were statistically analyzed. Results 12 months after surgery, in the first group (- 6.00--10.00D) the regressionequal to or beyond -1 .0D were 21 eyes (10.8%), range from -1 .0D to - 3 .0D. The average regression was -1.33D. In the second group (- 10 .10D - - 15 .00D) regression equal to or beyond -1.0D were 78 eyes (36.5%), range from -1 .0D to -5.50D. The average regression was -1 .99D. Conclusion The results indicate that excimer LASIK can be used to treat myopia between -6 .00D-- 15 .00D effectively with minimal regression within 12 months. Preoperative thin corneas with intraoperative small ablation zone could induce regression . Some modification of the surgical algorithms and laser nomogram will help to improve predictability and reduce regression.

Strengthening and stress drop of ultrafine grain aluminum after annealing

Ultrafine grain pure aluminum was produced by equal channel angular pressing and cold rolling, the deformed aluminum was annealed at 200 ℃ for 1 h. The tensile curves of deformed and annealed aluminum show that yield strength of deformed aluminum increases by 100%-300% and its elongation decreases by about 20%. After low temperature annealing, strength of annealed aluminum increases by 20% and elongation decreases by over 50%, the recovery of dislocations may be the main cause of annealing strengthening. In addition, there is an abrupt stress drop in the tensile curves of annealed aluminum and the formation of shear band is responsible for it.

冯雪峰与《灵山歌》

“我们望得见灵山,一座不屈的山!它显得多么伟美——崎岖,峥嵘,一连串的高峰直矗到天际。有时它蒙罩在梦一般的云里,它自己也显得和云一般的奇伟……这地方的人又指给我,就在这灵山,伟大的战斗者,重聚了大军坚持大义的血旗……披靡着东南整个的地区。从这山,我懂得了历史悲剧的不可免,从这山,我懂得了我们为什么奔赴那悲剧而毫无惧色,而永不退屈!……”

Uniform Elongation and Yield-Drop Phenomenon in Magnetically Annealed 1050 Aluminum Alloy Prepared by CryoECAP

The ultrafine grained(UFG)1050 aluminum alloy was prepared by equal channel angular pressing at cryogenic temperature,namely cryoECAP process.The tensile behavior and microstructures of UFG 1050 aluminum alloy after annealing at 90-210°C for 4 h without and with high magnetic field of 12 T were investigated by tensile tests,transmission electron microscope,and electron backscattered diffraction analyses.After cryoECAP and annealing treatments,the 1050 aluminum alloy has ultrafine grains with 0.7-1.28μm in size,the ratio of ultimate tensile strength to yield strength is less than 1.24,and the uniform elongation is less than 2.3%.With increasing the annealing temperature from 90°C to 210°C,the yield-drop phenomenon becomes more obvious due to the decrease in mobile dislocations to maintain the applied strain rate during tensile deformation.The uniform elongation decreases from 1.55%to 0.55%,the dislocation density reduces from 5.6×10^(14)m^(−2)to 4.2×10^(13)m^(−2),and the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries(HABs)increases from 63.8%to 70.8%.These phenomena cause the higher annihilation rate of dislocations,thereby leading to the degradation of strain hardening effect.During annealing under high magnetic field at 90-210°C,the low fraction of HABs(61.7%-66.2%)can provide a slower annihilation rate of dislocations,therefore resulting in the higher uniform elongation(0.64%-1.60%)and slower decrease in the flow stress after the yield peak.