This paper studies the spatial concentration distribution and temporal evolution of exhaled and sneezed/coughed droplets within the range of 1.0 to 10.0 μm in an office room with three air distribution methods,includ...This paper studies the spatial concentration distribution and temporal evolution of exhaled and sneezed/coughed droplets within the range of 1.0 to 10.0 μm in an office room with three air distribution methods,including mixing ventilation（MV）,displacement ventilation（DV）,and under-floor air distribution（UFAD）.The simulation results indicate that exhaled droplets with diameters up to 10.0 μm from normal respiration process are uniformly distributed in MV.However,they become trapped at the breathing height by thermal stratifications in DV and UFAD,resulting in a high droplet concentration and an increased exposure risk to other occupants.Sneezed/coughed droplets are more slowly diluted in DV/UFAD than in MV.Low air speed in the breathing zone in DV/UFAD can lead to prolonged human exposure to droplets in the breathing zone.展开更多
Based on the principle of fully mechanized backflling and coal mining technology and combined with the Xingtai Coal Mine conditions, we mainly optimized the coal mining equipment and adjusted the coal mining method in...Based on the principle of fully mechanized backflling and coal mining technology and combined with the Xingtai Coal Mine conditions, we mainly optimized the coal mining equipment and adjusted the coal mining method in the Xingtai Coal Mine 7606 working face for implementation this technology. Firstly, we define the practical backfilling process as the ＂（from backfilling scraper conveyor＇s） head to tail back- filling, step by step swinging up of the tamping arm, gradual compacting, moving formed backfilling scra- per conveyor when the second tamping arm cannot pass and connecting the immediate roof by back material push front material movement＂. Meanwhile, the stress changes of backfill body in coal mined out area was monitored by stress sensors, and the roof caving law was analyzed by monitoring the dynamic subsidence of -210 west roadway of this face. The site tests results show that using this new backfilling and coal mining integrated technology, the production capacity in the 7606 working face can reach to 283,000 ton a year, and 282,000 ton of solid materials （waste and fly ash） is backfilled, which meets the needs of high production and efficiency. The goaf was compactly backfilled with solid material and the strata behavior was quite desirable, with an actual maximum vertical stress of the backfill body of 5.5 MPa. Backfill body control the movement of overburden within a certain range, and there is no col- lapses of major areas in the overlying strata upon backfilled gob. The maximum subsidence and speed were 231 mm and 15.75 mm/d respectively, which proved the practical significance of this integrated technology.展开更多
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) has been an alternative source of bone marrow for patients without human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relati...Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) has been an alternative source of bone marrow for patients without human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) and clinical outcomes in the setting of haplo-SCT. Between May 2012 and March 2014, 345 patients who underwent unmanipulated haplo-SCT were retrospectively enrolled. PTR occurred in 20.6% of all patients. Patients in the PTR group experienced higher transplant-related mortality (TRM, 43.7% vs. 13.5%, P<0.001), lower overall survival (OS, 47.9%vs. 76.3%, P<0.001) and lower leukemia-free survival (LFS, 47.9% vs. 72.3%, P<0.001) compared to patients in the non-PTR group. The multivariate analysis showed that PTR was associated with TRM (P=0.002), LFS (P<0.001), and OS (P<0.001).The cumulative incidences of PTR in patients receiving >12 platelet (PLT) transfusions (third quartile of PLT transfusions) were higher than in patients receiving either >6 (second quartile) or >3 (first quartile) PLT transfusions (56.1% vs. 41.6% vs. 28.2%,respectively; P<0.001). The multivariate analysis also showed that PTR was associated with the number of PLT transfusions(P<0.001). PTR could predict poor transplant outcomes in patients who underwent haploidentical SCT.展开更多
Based on specific host-guest interactions between amine-modified [3-cyclodextrin （CD-TAEA） and functional adamantane （AD） derivatives, a module-template strategy has been proposed for the construction of low-molec...Based on specific host-guest interactions between amine-modified [3-cyclodextrin （CD-TAEA） and functional adamantane （AD） derivatives, a module-template strategy has been proposed for the construction of low-molecular-weight cationic assem- blies for gene transport. This strategy offers great flexibility in terms of the introduction of mono- or multi-functionality by the inclusion of one or more adamantane-based modules with the desired functionalities. As proof of concept, phenylboronic acid （PB） containing adamantane （PB-AD） was used as a model module in the hope of offering enhanced cytosolic delivery in con- sideration of the special affinity of PB groups with cell membranes. The physicochemical properties of the complexes formed with plasmid DNA, such as particle size, zeta potential and morphology were investigated. Confocal laser scanning microsco- py and flow cytometry experiments demonstrated the important contribution of the functional PB-AD module to the consider- ably enhanced intracellular internalization and uptake by cellular nuclei. Compared to the parent CD-TAEA, PB-AD/CD- TAEA assemblies mediated higher transfection rates, which were even comparable to that of PEI25K. In addition, PB-AD/CD- TAEA displayed much lower cytotoxicity than PEI25K in both 293T and HeLa cell lines. The encouraging results suggest that CD-TAEA can be developed as a powerful template capable of readily accommodating various AD-based modules giving versatile functionalities for improved transfection.展开更多
An armored face conveyor(AFC) is a key piece of equipment for a fully mechanized long-wall mining system and is currently the only means for transporting bulk material in hard coal mines. To date, the AFC power train ...An armored face conveyor(AFC) is a key piece of equipment for a fully mechanized long-wall mining system and is currently the only means for transporting bulk material in hard coal mines. To date, the AFC power train design has mainly been based on heuristics obtained via experience, coupled with simple calculations, which cannot take the dynamic behaviors and coupling effects of the components into consideration. Therefore, model-based and simulation-driven design is preferred. In this paper, a new design and analysis methodology for an AFC power train is presented to achieve the optimal dynamic characteristics and transmission performance. A preliminary design procedure for a power train is first introduced. Then, a system-level hydro-mechatronic model of the power train is built to evaluate and optimize the preliminary scheme. Sub-models, including those for the motors, fluid couplers, gearboxes, and chain, are obtained according to their individual disciplines and assembled to form the system-level model. The chain sub-system is discretized into multiple finite elements. Governing equations are established for each element based on the Newton Euler approach and assembled according to the topological structure of the chain system. In order to make the new approach applicable for engineers, a design and analysis software is developed, with a graphical user interface that involves the whole design process. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used as the computational engine, and Visual C++ is adopted to develop the interactive software framework. Simulations for the SGZ1000/2000 type AFC are provided as an illustrative case study to validate the effectiveness and practicality of the model and software package.展开更多
The subduction channel is defined as a planar to wedge-like area of variable size,internal structure and composition,which forms between the upper and lower plates during slab subduction into the mantle.The materials ...The subduction channel is defined as a planar to wedge-like area of variable size,internal structure and composition,which forms between the upper and lower plates during slab subduction into the mantle.The materials in the channel may experience complex pressure,temperature,stress and strain evolution,as well as strong fluid and melt activity.A certain amount of these materials may subduct to and later exhume from>100 km depth,forming high to ultra-high pressure rocks on the surface as widely discovered in nature.Rock deformation in the channel is strongly assisted by metamorphic fluids activities,which change composition and mechanical properties of rocks and thus affect their subduction and exhumation histories.In this study,we investigate the detailed structure and dynamics of both oceanic and continental subduction channels,by conducting highresolution petrological-thermomechanical numerical simulations taking into account fluid and melt activities.The numerical results demonstrate that subduction channels are composed of a tectonic rock melange formed by crustal rocks detached from the subducting slab and the hydrated mantle rocks scratched from the overriding plate.These rocks may either extrude sub-vertically upward through the mantle wedge to the crust of the upper plate,or exhume along the subduction channel to the surface near the suture zone.Based on our numerical results,we first analyze similarities and differences between oceanic and continental subduction channels.We further compare numerical models with and without fluid and melt activity and demonstrate that this activity results in strong weakening and deformation of overriding lithosphere.Finally,we show that fast convergence of orogens subjected to fluid and melt activity leads to strong deformation of the overriding lithosphere and the topography builds up mainly on the overriding plate.In contrast,slow convergence of such orogens leads to very limited deformation of the overriding lithosphere and the mountain building mainly occurs on the subducting plate.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50808133)the Dean's Reserve of Faculty of Construction and Land Use at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
文摘This paper studies the spatial concentration distribution and temporal evolution of exhaled and sneezed/coughed droplets within the range of 1.0 to 10.0 μm in an office room with three air distribution methods,including mixing ventilation（MV）,displacement ventilation（DV）,and under-floor air distribution（UFAD）.The simulation results indicate that exhaled droplets with diameters up to 10.0 μm from normal respiration process are uniformly distributed in MV.However,they become trapped at the breathing height by thermal stratifications in DV and UFAD,resulting in a high droplet concentration and an increased exposure risk to other occupants.Sneezed/coughed droplets are more slowly diluted in DV/UFAD than in MV.Low air speed in the breathing zone in DV/UFAD can lead to prolonged human exposure to droplets in the breathing zone.
基金Financial supports for this work provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51074165)the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50834004)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (No.SZBF2011-6-B35)
文摘Based on the principle of fully mechanized backflling and coal mining technology and combined with the Xingtai Coal Mine conditions, we mainly optimized the coal mining equipment and adjusted the coal mining method in the Xingtai Coal Mine 7606 working face for implementation this technology. Firstly, we define the practical backfilling process as the ＂（from backfilling scraper conveyor＇s） head to tail back- filling, step by step swinging up of the tamping arm, gradual compacting, moving formed backfilling scra- per conveyor when the second tamping arm cannot pass and connecting the immediate roof by back material push front material movement＂. Meanwhile, the stress changes of backfill body in coal mined out area was monitored by stress sensors, and the roof caving law was analyzed by monitoring the dynamic subsidence of -210 west roadway of this face. The site tests results show that using this new backfilling and coal mining integrated technology, the production capacity in the 7606 working face can reach to 283,000 ton a year, and 282,000 ton of solid materials （waste and fly ash） is backfilled, which meets the needs of high production and efficiency. The goaf was compactly backfilled with solid material and the strata behavior was quite desirable, with an actual maximum vertical stress of the backfill body of 5.5 MPa. Backfill body control the movement of overburden within a certain range, and there is no col- lapses of major areas in the overlying strata upon backfilled gob. The maximum subsidence and speed were 231 mm and 15.75 mm/d respectively, which proved the practical significance of this integrated technology.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2013AA020401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81470342)
文摘Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) has been an alternative source of bone marrow for patients without human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) and clinical outcomes in the setting of haplo-SCT. Between May 2012 and March 2014, 345 patients who underwent unmanipulated haplo-SCT were retrospectively enrolled. PTR occurred in 20.6% of all patients. Patients in the PTR group experienced higher transplant-related mortality (TRM, 43.7% vs. 13.5%, P<0.001), lower overall survival (OS, 47.9%vs. 76.3%, P<0.001) and lower leukemia-free survival (LFS, 47.9% vs. 72.3%, P<0.001) compared to patients in the non-PTR group. The multivariate analysis showed that PTR was associated with TRM (P=0.002), LFS (P<0.001), and OS (P<0.001).The cumulative incidences of PTR in patients receiving >12 platelet (PLT) transfusions (third quartile of PLT transfusions) were higher than in patients receiving either >6 (second quartile) or >3 (first quartile) PLT transfusions (56.1% vs. 41.6% vs. 28.2%,respectively; P<0.001). The multivariate analysis also showed that PTR was associated with the number of PLT transfusions(P<0.001). PTR could predict poor transplant outcomes in patients who underwent haploidentical SCT.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB606202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21174110)+1 种基金the Ministry of Education of China(20120141130003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2012203020210)
文摘Based on specific host-guest interactions between amine-modified [3-cyclodextrin （CD-TAEA） and functional adamantane （AD） derivatives, a module-template strategy has been proposed for the construction of low-molecular-weight cationic assem- blies for gene transport. This strategy offers great flexibility in terms of the introduction of mono- or multi-functionality by the inclusion of one or more adamantane-based modules with the desired functionalities. As proof of concept, phenylboronic acid （PB） containing adamantane （PB-AD） was used as a model module in the hope of offering enhanced cytosolic delivery in con- sideration of the special affinity of PB groups with cell membranes. The physicochemical properties of the complexes formed with plasmid DNA, such as particle size, zeta potential and morphology were investigated. Confocal laser scanning microsco- py and flow cytometry experiments demonstrated the important contribution of the functional PB-AD module to the consider- ably enhanced intracellular internalization and uptake by cellular nuclei. Compared to the parent CD-TAEA, PB-AD/CD- TAEA assemblies mediated higher transfection rates, which were even comparable to that of PEI25K. In addition, PB-AD/CD- TAEA displayed much lower cytotoxicity than PEI25K in both 293T and HeLa cell lines. The encouraging results suggest that CD-TAEA can be developed as a powerful template capable of readily accommodating various AD-based modules giving versatile functionalities for improved transfection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51375330)the Leading Talent Project of Guangdong Province
文摘An armored face conveyor(AFC) is a key piece of equipment for a fully mechanized long-wall mining system and is currently the only means for transporting bulk material in hard coal mines. To date, the AFC power train design has mainly been based on heuristics obtained via experience, coupled with simple calculations, which cannot take the dynamic behaviors and coupling effects of the components into consideration. Therefore, model-based and simulation-driven design is preferred. In this paper, a new design and analysis methodology for an AFC power train is presented to achieve the optimal dynamic characteristics and transmission performance. A preliminary design procedure for a power train is first introduced. Then, a system-level hydro-mechatronic model of the power train is built to evaluate and optimize the preliminary scheme. Sub-models, including those for the motors, fluid couplers, gearboxes, and chain, are obtained according to their individual disciplines and assembled to form the system-level model. The chain sub-system is discretized into multiple finite elements. Governing equations are established for each element based on the Newton Euler approach and assembled according to the topological structure of the chain system. In order to make the new approach applicable for engineers, a design and analysis software is developed, with a graphical user interface that involves the whole design process. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used as the computational engine, and Visual C++ is adopted to develop the interactive software framework. Simulations for the SGZ1000/2000 type AFC are provided as an illustrative case study to validate the effectiveness and practicality of the model and software package.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB856106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41304071,41425010)+2 种基金China Geological Survey Project(Grant No.12120114057301)the start-up research fund from the Institute of Geology of CAGSthe National‘Qian-Ren’Program for young scholars to ZHLI
文摘The subduction channel is defined as a planar to wedge-like area of variable size,internal structure and composition,which forms between the upper and lower plates during slab subduction into the mantle.The materials in the channel may experience complex pressure,temperature,stress and strain evolution,as well as strong fluid and melt activity.A certain amount of these materials may subduct to and later exhume from>100 km depth,forming high to ultra-high pressure rocks on the surface as widely discovered in nature.Rock deformation in the channel is strongly assisted by metamorphic fluids activities,which change composition and mechanical properties of rocks and thus affect their subduction and exhumation histories.In this study,we investigate the detailed structure and dynamics of both oceanic and continental subduction channels,by conducting highresolution petrological-thermomechanical numerical simulations taking into account fluid and melt activities.The numerical results demonstrate that subduction channels are composed of a tectonic rock melange formed by crustal rocks detached from the subducting slab and the hydrated mantle rocks scratched from the overriding plate.These rocks may either extrude sub-vertically upward through the mantle wedge to the crust of the upper plate,or exhume along the subduction channel to the surface near the suture zone.Based on our numerical results,we first analyze similarities and differences between oceanic and continental subduction channels.We further compare numerical models with and without fluid and melt activity and demonstrate that this activity results in strong weakening and deformation of overriding lithosphere.Finally,we show that fast convergence of orogens subjected to fluid and melt activity leads to strong deformation of the overriding lithosphere and the topography builds up mainly on the overriding plate.In contrast,slow convergence of such orogens leads to very limited deformation of the overriding lithosphere and the mountain building mainly occurs on the subducting plate.
