Adaptive synchronization in NW small-world dynamical networks was studied. Firstly, an adaptive synchronization method is presented and explained. Then, it is applied to two different classes of dynamical networks, on...Adaptive synchronization in NW small-world dynamical networks was studied. Firstly, an adaptive synchronization method is presented and explained. Then, it is applied to two different classes of dynamical networks, one is a class-B network, small-world connected R6 ssler oscillators, the other is a class-A network, small-world connected Chua＇s circuits. The simulation verifies the validity of the presented method. It also shows that the adaptive synchronization method is robust to the variations of the node systems parameters. So the presented method can be used in networks whose node systems have unknown or time-varying parameters.展开更多
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a proven feeding tube,just as the nasogastric tube is proven to be able to deliver enteral nutrition.For long-term use,both patient and caregiver want neither.What is desir...Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a proven feeding tube,just as the nasogastric tube is proven to be able to deliver enteral nutrition.For long-term use,both patient and caregiver want neither.What is desired is the LOOPPEG? 3G tube,more secure than the PEG,and less risky to change than the nasogastric tube.Future clinical research should focus on this high-comfort low-risk tube.展开更多
An empirical research is done on how political Obama＇s 2015 State of the Union Address as the corpora sample speeches adapt to context in the framework of adaptation theory, taking This paper shows that language choi...An empirical research is done on how political Obama＇s 2015 State of the Union Address as the corpora sample speeches adapt to context in the framework of adaptation theory, taking This paper shows that language choices in the State of the Union Address are adaptive to all the levels of the context, including communicative context （language users, mental world, social world, and physical world） and linguistic context. It is confirmed one of the theoretical stances of adaptation theory that there is no language use without being adaptive to context.展开更多
When we look through the world history, it can be seen clearly that language has a great role on culture, arts, and social movements, and the translation is an important player in this context. A commonly shared Europ...When we look through the world history, it can be seen clearly that language has a great role on culture, arts, and social movements, and the translation is an important player in this context. A commonly shared European culture together with its values has emerged as a product of such sociolinguistic dynamics. Following these encounters, whether at word borrowing level or morpho-syntactical level, European languages have had positive and/or negative effects on each other and have evolved ever since in this way as they have permeated themselves into culture. From the point of view on translation＇s intermediary role in enabling interaction between cultures throughout the history, the aim of the present study is to problematize the answers to the following questions： What are cultural ramifications that stem from linguistic encounter？ What are the contributions of translated language to acculturation and enculturation processes？ Can the new information through translation produce a culture translation phenomenon？ How the hybrid understanding functions？ Translation itself is a language encounter that makes impact on targeted languages as well as on its source. In this study, the dynamics that form this encounter space as a meta textual phenomenon has been problematized.展开更多
Two records of the crust laminae from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts and the Magellan Seamount were biostratigraphically studied. Based on biological imprints of the calcareous nannofossils, the geological ages of the two ...Two records of the crust laminae from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts and the Magellan Seamount were biostratigraphically studied. Based on biological imprints of the calcareous nannofossils, the geological ages of the two records were determined, with CM1D03 from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts being of late Paleocene to Pleistocene and CM3D06 from the Magellan Seamount of Late Cretaceous （more than 70.0 Ma）. There are the obvious temporal-spatial differences in the initial formation period and enrichment characteristics of the cobalt-rich crusts of the two seamount chains and differences in the combination and distribution of microfossils in the inner crust layers between the seamounts. These differences are due to the adaptabilities of oceanic species in different environments. Ecological research was carried out in terms of population size of the calcareous nannofossi｜s preserved in the crustal layers to discern the relation of the geological events at the Eocene-Oligocene （E/O） tran- sition. The results show the transitions and recombination of species in the biotic community during the E/O transition obvi- ously corresponded to 25 mm depth in the CM1D03 crust and 58 mm depth in the CM3D06 crust. The changes in biological species and the formation of particular ecological structures indicate the adaptive response of the paleo-biological community in the western Pacific Ocean to the global cold-climate events and the close correlation between the formation of the crust and the global climate change.展开更多
The Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum （MMCO; 15-17 Ma） was one of the short-term climatic warm events that punctuated the Cenozoic long-term cooling trend. Because there are very few terrestrial records of this event, m...The Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum （MMCO; 15-17 Ma） was one of the short-term climatic warm events that punctuated the Cenozoic long-term cooling trend. Because there are very few terrestrial records of this event, most of our understanding comes from marine cores. In this report, we first present new palaeomagnetic data that revises the dating of our 400 m-thick lacustrine section in Wenshan （Yunnan）, previously thought to be Late Mio- cene. These new data suggest an older age, ca. 15.2-16.5 Ma, coinciding with the MMCO. We measured δ13C on bulk organic matter （3 Corg）, total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and C/N ratios at a high sample resolution to： （1） reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental changes in the lake catchment area, and （2） infer mechanisms responsible for these changes. Our results show that all four geochemical parameters demonstrate that a strong environmental change occurred around the middle of the section, shortly after the C5Cn/C5Br geomagnetic reversal and the Early/Middle Miocene boundary at 15.97 Ma. We propose that the environmental shift may be due to a combination of a change in climate, which became cooler, together with a change in organic matter cycling within the lake. This study provides a new insight into the MMCO and demonstrates that although the MMCO was generally a warm event, it was also a time of climatic instability and abrupt environmental changes.展开更多
The geographical and climatic patterning in craniofacial morphology among recent hominids has been regarded as relatively reliable evidence of environmental adaptation and natural selection,which is largely attributed...The geographical and climatic patterning in craniofacial morphology among recent hominids has been regarded as relatively reliable evidence of environmental adaptation and natural selection,which is largely attributed to thermoregulation.However,the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on craniofacial features is unclear.Our study employed 3D laser scanning techniques to evaluate the association between geographical(latitude),climatic(annual temperature)factors,and 3D craniofacial measurements in 18 recent populations through bivariate correlation analysis.Significant correlations were found among braincase surface area,zygomatic bone surface area,cranial-facial index(facial surface area relative to braincase surface area)and local temperature,and a clear latitudinal gradient was also found in variation of braincase surface area.No significant correlations were found between zygomatic bone surface area,cranial-facial index and latitude.Our analysis supports the idea that the braincase functions as a radiator and is closely related to direct sunlight.We also suggest that absolute/relative craniofacial surface area varies consistently with predictions derived from Bergmann’s Rule.The mosaic craniofacial traits of American Indians may reflect retention of cold-derived,ancestral features,as well as a response to a slightly warmer climate.Because different craniofacial regions preserve environmental/genetic signatures differentially,caution is suggested when craniofacial anatomy is used for phylogenetic reconstruction and functional-morphological analysis.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70571017)
文摘Adaptive synchronization in NW small-world dynamical networks was studied. Firstly, an adaptive synchronization method is presented and explained. Then, it is applied to two different classes of dynamical networks, one is a class-B network, small-world connected R6 ssler oscillators, the other is a class-A network, small-world connected Chua＇s circuits. The simulation verifies the validity of the presented method. It also shows that the adaptive synchronization method is robust to the variations of the node systems parameters. So the presented method can be used in networks whose node systems have unknown or time-varying parameters.
文摘Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a proven feeding tube,just as the nasogastric tube is proven to be able to deliver enteral nutrition.For long-term use,both patient and caregiver want neither.What is desired is the LOOPPEG? 3G tube,more secure than the PEG,and less risky to change than the nasogastric tube.Future clinical research should focus on this high-comfort low-risk tube.
文摘An empirical research is done on how political Obama＇s 2015 State of the Union Address as the corpora sample speeches adapt to context in the framework of adaptation theory, taking This paper shows that language choices in the State of the Union Address are adaptive to all the levels of the context, including communicative context （language users, mental world, social world, and physical world） and linguistic context. It is confirmed one of the theoretical stances of adaptation theory that there is no language use without being adaptive to context.
文摘When we look through the world history, it can be seen clearly that language has a great role on culture, arts, and social movements, and the translation is an important player in this context. A commonly shared European culture together with its values has emerged as a product of such sociolinguistic dynamics. Following these encounters, whether at word borrowing level or morpho-syntactical level, European languages have had positive and/or negative effects on each other and have evolved ever since in this way as they have permeated themselves into culture. From the point of view on translation＇s intermediary role in enabling interaction between cultures throughout the history, the aim of the present study is to problematize the answers to the following questions： What are cultural ramifications that stem from linguistic encounter？ What are the contributions of translated language to acculturation and enculturation processes？ Can the new information through translation produce a culture translation phenomenon？ How the hybrid understanding functions？ Translation itself is a language encounter that makes impact on targeted languages as well as on its source. In this study, the dynamics that form this encounter space as a meta textual phenomenon has been problematized.
基金National Key Programme for Developing Basic Science(No.2009CB421105)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX1-YW-09-01)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41076072 and 40676025)
文摘Two records of the crust laminae from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts and the Magellan Seamount were biostratigraphically studied. Based on biological imprints of the calcareous nannofossils, the geological ages of the two records were determined, with CM1D03 from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts being of late Paleocene to Pleistocene and CM3D06 from the Magellan Seamount of Late Cretaceous （more than 70.0 Ma）. There are the obvious temporal-spatial differences in the initial formation period and enrichment characteristics of the cobalt-rich crusts of the two seamount chains and differences in the combination and distribution of microfossils in the inner crust layers between the seamounts. These differences are due to the adaptabilities of oceanic species in different environments. Ecological research was carried out in terms of population size of the calcareous nannofossi｜s preserved in the crustal layers to discern the relation of the geological events at the Eocene-Oligocene （E/O） tran- sition. The results show the transitions and recombination of species in the biotic community during the E/O transition obvi- ously corresponded to 25 mm depth in the CM1D03 crust and 58 mm depth in the CM3D06 crust. The changes in biological species and the formation of particular ecological structures indicate the adaptive response of the paleo-biological community in the western Pacific Ocean to the global cold-climate events and the close correlation between the formation of the crust and the global climate change.
基金The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which significantly improved the manuscript. The authors thank fellow members of staff of the Palaeoecology group in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences for assistance during sample collection and productive critical discussions Professor Yun Fu from the Central Laboratory of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences for assistance during the TN mea- surements+1 种基金 Dr. Olesya V. Bondarenko, from the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, for her help and support during sample preparation Yi-Min Tian from the Faculty of Land Resource Engi- neering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, for her assistance when preparing and observing thin sections. The authors are grateful to Dr. Andrea Kern from the USGS and Dr. Dayou Zhai from Yunnan University for fruitful discussions and suggestions to improve the manuscript. This study was supported by National Nat- ural Science Foundation of China （U1502231）, the CAS 135 Program （XTBG-F01）, and a grant from the China Scholarship Council to J. Lebreton Anberr6e （2013GCX606）. Shihu Li and Chenglong Deng acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （41404056）, and the State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution （11431780）. Shu-Feng Li was supported by the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, CAS （15310）. This work is part of the NECLIME （Neogene Climate of Eurasia） network.
文摘The Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum （MMCO; 15-17 Ma） was one of the short-term climatic warm events that punctuated the Cenozoic long-term cooling trend. Because there are very few terrestrial records of this event, most of our understanding comes from marine cores. In this report, we first present new palaeomagnetic data that revises the dating of our 400 m-thick lacustrine section in Wenshan （Yunnan）, previously thought to be Late Mio- cene. These new data suggest an older age, ca. 15.2-16.5 Ma, coinciding with the MMCO. We measured δ13C on bulk organic matter （3 Corg）, total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and C/N ratios at a high sample resolution to： （1） reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental changes in the lake catchment area, and （2） infer mechanisms responsible for these changes. Our results show that all four geochemical parameters demonstrate that a strong environmental change occurred around the middle of the section, shortly after the C5Cn/C5Br geomagnetic reversal and the Early/Middle Miocene boundary at 15.97 Ma. We propose that the environmental shift may be due to a combination of a change in climate, which became cooler, together with a change in organic matter cycling within the lake. This study provides a new insight into the MMCO and demonstrates that although the MMCO was generally a warm event, it was also a time of climatic instability and abrupt environmental changes.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. KZZD-EW-03, XDA05130100, GJHZ201314)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41272034)
文摘The geographical and climatic patterning in craniofacial morphology among recent hominids has been regarded as relatively reliable evidence of environmental adaptation and natural selection,which is largely attributed to thermoregulation.However,the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on craniofacial features is unclear.Our study employed 3D laser scanning techniques to evaluate the association between geographical(latitude),climatic(annual temperature)factors,and 3D craniofacial measurements in 18 recent populations through bivariate correlation analysis.Significant correlations were found among braincase surface area,zygomatic bone surface area,cranial-facial index(facial surface area relative to braincase surface area)and local temperature,and a clear latitudinal gradient was also found in variation of braincase surface area.No significant correlations were found between zygomatic bone surface area,cranial-facial index and latitude.Our analysis supports the idea that the braincase functions as a radiator and is closely related to direct sunlight.We also suggest that absolute/relative craniofacial surface area varies consistently with predictions derived from Bergmann’s Rule.The mosaic craniofacial traits of American Indians may reflect retention of cold-derived,ancestral features,as well as a response to a slightly warmer climate.Because different craniofacial regions preserve environmental/genetic signatures differentially,caution is suggested when craniofacial anatomy is used for phylogenetic reconstruction and functional-morphological analysis.
