中国“广覆盖”老年长期护理保险制度适宜化研究

老年长期护理保险制度的有效供给,将成为中国应对人口老龄化社会的"金钥匙"。然而,动态调节机制的缺乏与制度系统性障碍,导致中国"广覆盖"老年长期护理保险制度的非适宜化。为提高老年长期护理保险制度的适宜效率,需采取"竞争嵌入"与制度"解锁"双重策略:一方面,通过竞争嵌入机制,实现中国老年长期护理保险产品的多中心制度安排;另一方面,采取相应对策,为人们提供良好的收益预期和保障,进行制度"解锁",完善老年长期护理保险配套制度。

乡村旅游建筑生态适宜化研究——以信阳市郊休闲山庄为例

随着国民经济和人民生活水平的提高,乡村旅游成为人们旅游休闲的重要组成部分。以信阳市郊旅游休闲山庄为例,研究乡村旅游建筑的生态适宜化。

适宜度视角下企业金融化对创新投入的影响

创新是国家结构优化、产业升级和经济发展的关键。已有研究表明企业金融化对创新投入存在单调的助推效应或挤出效应,且两种效应之间可以动态性转换,但动态性转换的发生条件和结果尚不明晰。文章使用2009年-2019年间21800个非金融上市公司样本,在探析企业金融化对创新效率的若干核心影响要素的基础上,构建了金融化适宜度判别模型分组进行实证分析。研究结果表明:企业的金融化程度对创新投入存在挤出效应;金融化适宜度对创新投入的影响呈动态性转换的倒"U"形;偏离最优金融化程度对企业创新投入呈显著负向影响。最后,企业应结合宏观环境与自身状况,优化金融资产配置推动创新;投资人应结合技术市场发展前景与企业金融化现状进行理性投资;政府应调整经济政策,引导企业金融化合理适度开展。

基于人地和谐与Zipf模型的安徽省城镇化适宜规模、速度探析

推进人与资源环境承载力相协调是实现城镇化可持续发展的核心.基于位序-规模模型,测算了安徽省2000—2013年城镇人口规模结构的Zipf维数;运用灰色GM(1,1)模型,对安徽省2020年城镇人口规模结构的Zipf维数、首位城市建设用地规模进行了预测;基于人地和谐理念,获取了与城镇人口规模相匹配的城镇用地规模;依据GB50137-2011国家城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准,测算了适宜城镇人口的规模与发展速度.结果表明:1)安徽省2020年人口规模结构的Zipf维数为0.82,首位城市用地规模为805.24km2;2)人地和谐理念下,安徽省2020年适宜城镇人口规模为3 596.52万人;3)2015—2020年,年均将有101.14万农村人口转移至城镇,城镇化演进速度为1.28个百分点/年,依据研究结果,提出了协调城镇化发展与土地资源利用的政策建议.

地球化学工程学——为环境治理服务的地球化学新分支

地球化学工程学是地球化学的新分支学科,一经提出就由于富有哲理的科学思想、高效简单的技术、巨大的环境-经济-社会效益而受到地球化学家、环境学家、环保公司和政府部门的重视,并迅速进入NASDAQ市场。地球化学工程学的概念和应用包括稳定化、净化和适宜化,治理途径可归结为降解、中和、浓缩、稀释、隔离和固定等自然界常见的地球化学作用。许多看起来简单的地球化学过程在环境治理与管理中发挥了巨大作用。

乒乓球早期专项化训练若干问题研究

对早期专项化训练理论纳入乒乓球早期专项训练中的一些理论与实际问题进行实证分析和理论研究,提出乒乓球早期专项训练中存在的理论与实际问题需要用"多元化、共进化、单性化、适宜化"方法来解决的论点,并对实现这一论点的可能性和途径进行探讨。为乒乓球后备人才培养的科学化提供理论和实践的指导依据。

老年长期护理保险制度“中国模式”的初探——以竞争嵌入为视角

老年长期护理保险制度的有效供给,将成为中国应对人口老龄化社会的"金钥匙",本文基于"竞争嵌入"思想,探索性提出老年长期护理保险制度的"中国模式",以实现老年长期护理保险制度适宜效率提升之目标。

Assessment of Climate for Agricultural Suitability and Optimal Allocation of Agricultural Production in the Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province

Based on spatial climatic data of agriculture and the experiment data, the models of agro-ecological assessment of climate for agricultural suitability in this study were developed using the fuzzy mathematical method. Three coefficients, in- cluding the resource coefficient （Cr）, the efficiency coefficient （Ce）, and the utility co- efficient （K）, were used in the models, which were calculated based on temperature, moisture, and sunshine duration data of Guanzhong region, Shaanxi Province. The results indicated that resource coefficient was higher in west of the region than that in east, and higher in south （especially in the Central Shaanxi Plain） than that in the Weibei plateau. The value of Cr changed from 6.5 to 9.2 from north to plain area. Spatial change of efficiency coefficient was obvious, lower in the northeast than in the central plain, and the value of Ce changed from 2.3 to 6.5 from the northeast to the central plain. As for utility coefficient, it was lower in northeastern part of the Weibei plateau and in southern mountain areas than that in the central plain, showing significant latitudinal zonality. Furthermore, the value of K increased from 0.35 to 0.78 from northeast to the central plain, and decreased from 0.78 to 0.53 from the central plain to southern mountain areas. These indicated that climate resource in the central plain region was more abundant and potential, compared with other regions. GuanZhong region was classified into three larger agricultural zones and three small independent zones, according to agro-ecological assessment. Light, heat and water resources should be made use of in an efficient way in spatial allo- cation of agricultural production. For example, water facilities should also be im- proved in Weibei plateau region where highly-qualified fruit should be enhanced and fruit processing industrial chain should be shaped. Large-scale production area of wheat should be increased in central irrigation region and more vegetable bases should be developed around large and medium-scale cities. Thanks for outstanding water conservation function, the three-dimensional agriculture including medicine and other sideline production should be developed in Qinling Mountains and the special- ized commercial agriculture should be accelerated in independent small zones, ac- cording to local conditions. In the research, different crop varieties were developed in corresponding regions as per current eco-climatic conditions.

Sustainability Analysis of Cropland Use in Cropping-Pastoral Ecotone before and after the Grain-for-Green Policy:A Case Study from Yanchi County in Ningxia

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the sustainability of cropland use in cropping-pastoral ecotone before and after the Grain-for-Green Policy. [Method] Using Yanchi County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as a case study area, this investigation used the annual transfer rate of land use types, cropland suitability and emergy analysis to examine the major pressures affecting the sustainable use of cropland before and after the Grain-for-Green Policy. [Result] The expansion of con- struction land onto cropland was significant; the annual cropland area was still larger than the land area suitable for cropping after the policy; agrochemical inputs used for crop production gradually increased and unit crop outputs required more agro- chemical inputs. Cropland use sustainability showed a fluctuating downward trend. [Conclusion] The results imply that the protection of high quality cropland, further im- plementation of the policy and control of agrochemical inputs according to precipita- tion are the main measures needed for sustainable cropland use in cropping-pastoral ecotone.

浅析《品德与社会》评定量表的设计与应用

《义务教育品德与社会课程标准(2011版)》要求我们对学生进行主体、开放性的评价。我在评定量表的应用时,关注到每位学生的发展,关注学生品德形成的过程,尊重学生进行多元评价,让学生得到个性化的发展。

调整生活方式治疗高血压

在高血压病的治疗中,有药物疗法和非药物疗法。对于收缩压180毫米汞柱以上,舒张压110毫米汞柱以上的重症高血压患者,要尽早开始药物治疗。但对那些血压为140～149毫米汞柱又无危险因素的患者,则不予用药,宜指导其“生活方式适宜化”。 生活方式适宜化实际上是“高血压病非药物治疗”的总称,它以戒烟、纠正肥胖、节酒、规律性运动及限盐为五大要点。戒烟对高血压病治疗至关紧要。

Suitability Evaluation of Rural Settlements Based on Accessibility of Production and Living： A Case Study of Tingzu Town in Hubei Prov- ince of China

Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an im- proved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the re- suits of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.

Artificial woodland degradation in semi-arid agro-pastoral transitional area： conceptual model and status assessment

Planting trees was used as one of cost-effective measures for desertification control in add and semi-add areas of China. Woodland degradation, however, is becoming an inevitable issue in these areas. In this paper, a typical county, Ejin Holo County, Inner Mongolia, China was selected for its assessment of artificial woodland degradation. A conceptual model for woodland degradation was delineated qualitatively based on field sampling survey, and four model-based indicators as humidity index （HI）, vegetation index （NDVI）, soil type （ST） and soil erosion modulus （EM） were screened out and used to a GIS-based method for artificial woodland degradation assessment in this semi-add agro-pastoral transitional area. All the indicator layers were overlaid and desertification assessed using simplified equation with equal weights for each indicators. The assessment results showed that in 336. 09 km^2 of total woodland area, 311.35 km^2 woodland were under degradation, and the area for slight, medium, severe degradation was 78.97, 119.73 and 112.65 km^2, respectively. It was suggested that much attention should be paid on woodland improvement and plant species selection, especially shrub species, before revegetation in similar areas.

THE STATISTIC ANALYSIS OF SCREEN PARAMETERS ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

A series of laboratory screening tests have been performed with the objective of evalu-ating the effect of feed rate, screen length and screen motion on the quality of separation achieved. The statistic analysis and results derived from it are discussed. Suggestions for future work with the objective of assessing the industrial significance of the research to the optimisation and design of screening processes are presented.

Intelligent Identification of Building Patches and Assessment of Roof Greening Suitability in High-density Urban Areas:A Case Study of Chengdu

With the expansion of a city,the urban green space is occupied and the urban heat island effect is serious.Greening the roof surfaces of urban buildings is an effective way to increase the area of urban green space and improve the urban ecological environment.To provide effective data support for urban green space planning,this paper used high-resolution images to(1)obtain accurate building spots on the map of the study area through deep learning assisted manual correction;and(2)establish an evaluation index system of roof greening including the characteristics of the roof itself,the natural environment and the human society environment.The weight values of attributes not related to the roof itself were calculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).The suitable green roof locations were evaluated by spatial join,weighted superposition and other spatial analysis methods.Taking the areas within the Chengdu city’s third ring road as the study area,the results show that an accurate building pattern obtained by deep learning greatly improves the efficiency of the experiment.The roof surfaces unsuitable for greening can be effectively classified by the method of feature extraction,with an accuracy of 86.58%.The roofs suitable for greening account for 48.08%,among which,the high-suitability roofs,medium-suitability roofs and low-suitability roofs represent 45.32%,38.95%and 15.73%.The high-suitability green buildings are mainly distributed in the first ring district and the western area outside the first ring district in Chengdu.This paper is useful for solving the current problem of the more saturated high-density urban area and allowing the expansion of the urban ecological environment.

Coupling the Occurrence of Correlative Plant Species to Predict the Habitat Suitability for Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) under Climate Change: A Case Study in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

Climate change and human activities influence species biodiversity by altering their habitats. This paper quantitatively analyzed the effects of climate change on a migratory bird. The Lesser White-fronted Goose(LWfG), a species which migrates via the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region, is an herbivorous species of high ecological value. It is an endangered species threatened by climate change and human activities, so comprehensive information about its distribution is required. To assess the effectiveness of conservation of the LWfG under climate change, both climate variables and human activities are often used to predict the potential changes in the distribution and habitat suitability for LWfG. In this work, the current scenario and the Global Circulation Models(GCMs) climate scenarios were used to simulate the future distribution of the species. However, besides climate change and human activities, the spatial pattern of plants surrounding the wetland is also known to be closely related to the distribution of LWfG. Therefore, the distribution model results of six plant species related to LWfG’s diet selection were used as environment variables to reflect the changes of suitable LWfG habitat. These environmental variables significantly improved the model’s performance for LWfG, since the birds were clearly influenced by the plant distribution factors. Meanwhile, the suitable habitat area decreases by 2070 in GCM models under two representative concentration pathways scenarios(RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). More appropriate management and conservation policies should be taken to adapt to future climate change. These adjustments include modifications of the size, shape and use of the conservation area for this species.

Field body temperature and thermal preference of the big-headed turtle Platysternon megacephalum

The big-headed turtle Platysternon megacephalum is a stream-dwelling species whose ecology is poorly known. We carried out field and laboratory investigations to determine field body temperatures and thermal preference of this species. In the field, the body temperatures of the turtles conformed to the water temperature, with little diel variation in either summer or au- tumn. Over the diel cycle, the mean body temperatures ranged from 20.8℃ to 22.2℃ in summer and from 19.3℃ to 21.2℃ in autumn; the highest body temperatures ranged from 22.1℃ to 25.0℃ in summer and from 20.6℃ to 23.8℃ in autumn. In the laboratory, the preferred body temperature （Tp） was 25.3℃ Food intake was maximized at 24.0℃, whereas locomotor perfor- mance peaked at 30.0℃. Consequently, Tp was closer to the thermal optimum for food intake than for locomotion. Therefore, this freshwater turtle has relative low field body temperatures corresponding to its thermal environment. In addition, the turtle prefers low temperatures and has a low optimal temperature for food intake [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 626-632, 20＇13].

Assessment model for tribological property of ceramic/stainless steel rubbing pairs in H_2O_2 solution

The tribological properties of ZrO2 ceramic and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel rubbing pairs were investigated using a special tribo-tester under different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution.The comparison analyses of the friction coefficients,worn volume rates,worn particles and surface roughness were conducted under the tested conditions.There were significant differences of the tribological properties of the rubbing pairs in the different concentrations H2O2 solution because of oxidation and corrosion.This research has revealed that the main wear mechanisms between the rubbing pairs are severe adhesive wear,abrasive wear and corrosive wear in the H2O2 solution with different concentrations.A model has been established to assess the most suitable concentration of the H2O2 solution for the tribological properties of the rubbing pairs.The result shows that 50% concentration of the H2O2 solution is the most suitable.The assessment result is consistent with the experimental result.It is believed that the knowledge gained in this study is useful for the optimization of the friction pairs in the extreme condition.