烘茧中怎样做到适干均匀

适于均匀是鲜茧烘干的基本要求,这对保护解舒、保全茧质,提高经济效益有着重要作用。烘茧中怎样做到适干均匀呢?应做好以下几点:一、做好灶性测定。这是基础性工作,每次烘茧前,仔细观察每乘灶和每部茧车上、中、下各部位的温度差异,据此确定铺篦量。若差异较大,可相应减少较低部位的铺篦量。一般来说,最底两层温度较低,可相应减少0.3公斤左右的铺篦量。

提高烘茧适干均匀的措施

各烘茧站在烘茧过程中,能否做到蚕茧适于均匀,不仅影响到缫丝的质量、产量和原料的消耗,而且直接影响茧站的经济效益。笔者认为提高蚕茧适干均匀的措施主要有以下几点:【一】烘前检查烘茧灶的热源位置及热分配关系是否合理。【二】利用风机、风扇将辐射热变为对流热,大力推行热风烘茧。【三】在干燥室内设置放热辐射装置。【四】烘茧前要正确测定灶性,以便决定调算方式。【五】目前使用热风灶,中间必须调车换位。【六】定量铺算,铺松铺匀。半干茧还性后要打官堆后再二烘。【七】不同品种、不同烘率的鲜茧或半干茧应分别铺箅,分别干燥,分别堆放。

论蚕茧干燥不匀的危害及预防措施

蚕茧干燥的目的是为了保全茧质,补正茧质.烘干蚕茧,以利贮藏,为丝绸工厂提供优质原料.根据蚕茧的特性及缫丝工艺要求,蚕茧干燥程度的标准即适干率应达85%以上,以鉴定蛹体为准.如果经过干燥处理的同批蚕茧过老、偏老、过嫩、偏嫩或适干不匀,都将会危及蚕茧内在质量如茧丝长、解舒、洁净成绩等,影响贮藏和缫丝,

干茧处理的要领

干茧处理是蚕茧收烘工作的最后环节,若处理不当,亦会对蚕茧质量造成损伤,使之前功尽弃.就其干茧茧丝纤维干脆和吸湿性强等特点,干茧处理要把握散、轻、防、选、分五字要邻.1.散.即散热.适干茧出炕后,不能立即空热箔,打热堆,装热包,必须进行散热处理.刚出炕的蚕茧,因茧层失水、丝素干脆,如空热箔,蚕茧受到振动丝素会脆裂,必须导致缫丝时落绪多而降低解舒.如立即打热堆、装热包,又会使丝胶发生变性.

新品种蚕茧烘干均匀的措施

干茧适干均匀,不仅是仓贮安全的需要,更重要的是保全和补正茧质、保护解舒、提高原料利用率、增加经济效益的关键。近年来,新品种的饲养量逐年增加,张产茧大幅度提高,取得了较好的社会效益。但给烘茧均匀带来了一定难度,为了保全茧质,使干茧适干均匀,要面对新品种茧层厚、蛹体大、含水率高、干燥困难的实际。我们在烘茧工作中,采取了如下措施:

Studies on adaptability of Populus bolleana and other Poplar trees in northwest Shanxi Province

Through five years (1996-2000) experiment, the growth characteristics and resistance to insect and cold of the seven poplar varieties including P. po pularis, P. opera, P. pseudo-simonii, P. beijinensis, P. bolleana, P. ( eurameri cana and P. simonii, which were planted in loess hilly land in northwest Shanxi Province, were tested under different planting densities and site conditions. A randomized block design and three times repetition were adopted in the test. Bas ed on the test results in arid and cold area of the northwest Shanxi, the hybrid poplar trees taking Populus cathaysna as their female parent could be selected for afforestation, such as P. popularis and P. opera, and the growing space of s ingle plant should be larger than 20 m2. P. bolleana as an introduced tree speci es grows well in this area, but its growth is likely affected by ground water co ndition. On the site with relatively abundant soil water, P. bolleana usually su ffer from frost crack at its trunk base. As a result, P. bolleara is suited to p lanting in the site where is short of soil water. P. x euramericana is not suita ble for large-scale afforestation, especially in arid slopes and ridges of loess hilly land .

The Impact of Arid Climate Change on Agriculture of Dry Valley in Southwest China and Its Adaptive Countermeasures

The eco-environmental vulnerability and underdevelopment of the agriculture in Southwest China would strengthen its disadvantage conditions further on the condition of arid climate change.It is necessary to deal with the relations between resource utilization and eco-environment finely and ascertain the adaptive principles on the dry valley agriculture to the arid climate change in order to change the extensive utilization of the special agricultural resources.The paper gave some adaptive countermeasures that develop modern rangeland husbandry,strengthening the special agriculture and agricultural industrialization,emphasis on the ecological agriculture development,constructing the extension system of water-saving modern agriculture,encouraging the service industry related to ＂agriculture,peasants and the countryside＂,constructing water utilization facilities,and exploiting the renewable energies.

浅谈试烘的作用及方法

"烘茧"是一项时间紧迫、技术性强的工作。如何根据不同灶型特点、茧质情况、气候条件等确定合理的烘茧工艺,达到能适干均匀,保全茧质,又能保持烘力,节约燃料的目的,笔者认为搞好试烘是确定合理烘茧工艺的基础。一、试烘的作用试烘是整个烘茧过程的开始,是保证烘好该季茧的关键。通过试烘,不仅可以了解茧灶各部位的性能,干燥开差规律和确定"五定"烘茧标准及各项技术操作,而且还能进一步掌握和改进烘茧的方法,提高烘茧质量。二、试烘的方法与步骤:以风扇车子灶为例。

提高烘茧质量的主要措施

烘茧是蚕茧保护过程中的一项重要环节,蚕茧烘得好坏,直接关系到蚕茧的质量,烘茧要求蚕茧适干均匀,防止过老过嫩以及油茧的产生,为了提高烘茧质量,可采用以下措施: 1 提高适干均匀的措施 1.1 检查烘茧灶的热源位置以及热分配关系是否合理。

执行烘茧方针 提高蚕茧解舒

国家制定的烘茧方针是:“防止鲜茧半干茧发生蒸热,发霉变质;全干茧适干均匀,防止偏老偏嫩;烘茧方法上防止高温急干和低温长时间闷烘,为提高原料茧解舒而努力.”烘茧方针明确要求茧站在烘茧中必须做到鲜茧半干茧不蒸热、霉变,全干茧适干均匀,烘茧供温排湿合理.其目的是提高解舒.解舒是指蚕茧在缫丝中茧丝离解的难易程度,它是衡量蚕茧质量好坏的一个重要指标.解舒好,缫丝时落绪、添绪次数少,可以提高缫丝效率,增加单位时间的丝产量。

丹棱出新举措 确保蚕茧质量

丹棱县丝绸总公司自1991年实施县委、县政府“建设2万担蚕茧工程”以来,到1995年,桑园面积已达50000亩,比1991年增长2.9倍;发种51300种,比1991年增长9.4倍;产茧2.85万担,比1991年增长5.71倍;全县人平蚕茧收入88元,比1991年增长7.1倍。实现了“工程”关于发展蚕桑生产为农民致富奔小康的阶段目标。1995年收购鲜茧2.3万担,干正茧上车率达92％以上,全年综合解舒为55％,茧丝长901.6米,适干率85％,烘折235以内。

Independent Component Analysis Based Blind Adaptive Interference Reduction and Symbol Recovery for OFDM Systems

To overcome the inter-carrier interference （ICI） of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems subject to unknown carrier frequency offset （CFO） and multipath, this paper develops a blind adaptive interference suppression scheme based on independent component analysis （ICA）. Taking into account statistical independence of subcarriers＇ signals of OFDM, the signal recovery mechanism is investigated to achieve the goal of blind equalization. The received OFDM signals can be considered as the mixed observation signals. The effect of CFO and multipath corresponds to the mixing matrix in the problem of blind source separation （BSS） framework. In this paper, the ICA- based OFDM system model is built, and the proposed ICA-based detector is exploited to extract source signals from the observation of a received mixture based on the assumption of statistical independence between the sources. The blind separation technique can increase spectral efficiency and provide robustness performance against erroneous parameter estimation problem. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that compared with the conventional pilot-based scheme, the improved performance of OFDM systems is obtained by the proposed ICA-based detection technique.

Assessing Vulnerability to Drought Based on Exposure,Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity:A Case Study in Middle Inner Mongolia of China

In this paper,we proposed a framework for evaluating the performance of ecosystem strategies prepared for enhancing vulnerability reduction in the face of hazards due to climate change.The framework highlights the positive effects of human activities in the coupled human and natural system(CHANS) by introducing adaptive capacity as an evaluation criterion.A built-in regional vulnerability to a certain hazard was generated based upon interaction of three dimensions of vulnerability:exposure,sensitivity and adaptive capacity.We illustrated the application of this framework in the temperate farming-grazing transitional zone in the middle Inner Mongolia of the northern China,where drought hazard is the key threat to the CHANS.Specific indices were produced to translate such climate variance and social-economic differences into specific indicators.The results showed that the most exposed regions are the inner land areas,while counties located in the eastern part are potentially the most adaptive ones.Ordos City and Bayannur City are most frequently influenced by multiple climate variances,showing highest sensitivity.Analysis also indicated that differences in the ability to adapt to changes are the main causes of spatial differences.After depiction of the spatial differentiations and analysis of the reasons,climate zones were divided to depict the differences in facing to the drought threats.The climate zones were shown to be similar to vulnerability zones based on the quantitative structure of indexes drafted by a triangular map.Further analysis of the composition of the vulnerability index showed that the evaluation criteria were effective in validating the spatial differentiation but potentially ineffective because of their limited time scope.This research will be a demonstration of how to combine the three dimensions by quantitative methods and will thus provide a guide for government to vulnerability reduction management.

Rainwater harvesting in the challenge of droughts and climate change in semi-arid Brazil

Some successful experiences of rainwater harvesting in Brazil’s semi-arid region are shown how rural communities are living during the severe drought from 2011 to 2013 using technologies of rainwater harvesting for the household in agriculture livestock raising and the environment.Starting from the positive experiences principles of living in the challenge of droughts and climate change are elaborated and summarized into different guidelines for sustainable livelihood and production access to water and sufficient land area rainwater harvesting to provide water security to households and communities preservation recovering and management of drought-resistant vegetation emphases on raising of small and medium sized livestock and water and forage storage appropriate crop selection and sustainable extraction processing and marketing of crop products capacity building of the people. These principles contribute to preparing a national policy on living in harmony with the semi-arid climate. Rainwater harvesting is an important part of a package of measures which enables a sustainable livelihood in such a difficult environment.

Seismic noise attenuation using nonstationary polynomial fitting

We propose a novel method for seismic noise attenuation by applying nonstationary polynomial fitting （NPF）, which can estimate coherent components with amplitude variation along the event. The NPF with time-varying coefficients can adaptively estimate the coherent components. The smoothness of the polynomial coefficients is controlled by shaping regularization. The signal is coherent along the offset axis in a common midpoint （CMP） gather after normal moveout （NMO）. We use NPF to estimate the effective signal and thereby to attenuate the random noise. For radial events-like noise such as ground roll, we first employ a radial trace （RT） transform to transform the data to the time-velocity domain. Then the NPF is used to estimate coherent noise in the RT domain. Finally, the coherent noise is adaptively subtracted from the noisy dataset. The proposed method can effectively estimate coherent noise with amplitude variations along the event and there is no need to propose that noise amplitude is constant. Results of synthetic and field data examples show that, compared with conventional methods such as stationary polynomial fitting and low cut filters, the proposed method can effectively suppress seismic noise and preserve the signals.

Adaptive Step Size Control of LMS-based Interference Cancellation for ICS Repeater in Wibro Environment

The use of repeater for the support of high rate data trans- mission and the extension of cell coverage is imperative for the Wibro system, which based on the IEEE 802.16e standardization. Generally, if the separation between transmitting and receiving antennas is not sufficient, the oscillation of repeater and the interference due to the feedback signals from original transmitted signal may be oectLrr. Hence, the Interference Cancellation System （ICS） should be implemented as the important part of the repeater system for the mobile cellular systems in order to eliminate unwanted signals from the corrupted signals in the receiver. In this paper, we propose an adaptive technique for the Least Mean Square（LMS）-based interference cancellation methods by changing the step size according to the variation of channel envirorauent in onter to improve the performance degradation which occta-rs by using the fixed step size approach. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme attains a little lower Ber Error Rate（BER） performance and much faster convergence speed compared to the conventional LMS-based interference cancellation techniques. The proposed scheme can be applied to other Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple（OFDM）-based cellular systenas and also be expected to achieve a similar performance improvement to IMT-advanced system, which is called as the next generation mobile communication standards.

Data⁃Based Feedback Relearning Algorithm for Robust Control of SGCMG Gimbal Servo System with Multi⁃source Disturbance

Single gimbal control moment gyroscope(SGCMG)with high precision and fast response is an important attitude control system for high precision docking,rapid maneuvering navigation and guidance system in the aerospace field.In this paper,considering the influence of multi-source disturbance,a data-based feedback relearning(FR)algorithm is designed for the robust control of SGCMG gimbal servo system.Based on adaptive dynamic programming and least-square principle,the FR algorithm is used to obtain the servo control strategy by collecting the online operation data of SGCMG system.This is a model-free learning strategy in which no prior knowledge of the SGCMG model is required.Then,combining the reinforcement learning mechanism,the servo control strategy is interacted with system dynamic of SGCMG.The adaptive evaluation and improvement of servo control strategy against the multi-source disturbance are realized.Meanwhile,a data redistribution method based on experience replay is designed to reduce data correlation to improve algorithm stability and data utilization efficiency.Finally,by comparing with other methods on the simulation model of SGCMG,the effectiveness of the proposed servo control strategy is verified.

Modeling habitat suitability of range plant species using random forest method in arid mountainous rangelands

Mountainous rangelands play a pivotal role in providing forage resources for livestock, particularly in summer, and maintaining ecological balance. This study aimed to identify environmental variables affecting range plant species distribution, ecological analysis of the relationship between these variables and the distribution of plants, and to model and map the plant habitats suitability by the Random Forest Method(RFM) in rangelands of the Taftan Mountain, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, southeastern Iran. In order to determine the environmental variables and estimate the potential distribution of plant species, the presence points of plants were recorded by using systematic random sampling method(90 points of presence) and soils were sampled in 5 habitats by random method in 0–30 and 30–60 cm depths. The layers of environmental variables were prepared using the Kriging interpolation method and Geographic Information System facilities. The distribution of the plant habitats was finally modelled and mapped by the RFM. Continuous maps of the habitat suitability were converted to binary maps using Youden Index(?) in order to evaluate the accuracy of the RFM in estimation of the distribution of species potentialhabitat. Based on the values of the area under curve(AUC) statistics, accuracy of predictive models of all habitats was in good level. Investigating the agreement between the predicted map, generated by each model, and actual maps, generated from fieldmeasured data, of the plant habitats, was at a high level for all habitats, except for Amygdalus scoparia habitat. This study concluded that the RFM is a robust model to analyze the relationships between the distribution of plant species and environmental variables as well as to prepare potential distribution maps of plant habitats that are of higher priority for conservation on the local scale in arid mountainous rangelands.

ANALYSIS OF CELL-AVERAGING BASED DETECTORS FOR χ^2 FLUCTUATING TARGETS IN MULTITARGET ENVIRONMENTS

The χ^2 family of signal fluctuation distributions represents the main fluctuation models which most radar targets follow it in their reflections. This family can be categorized as fluctuation distribution with two degrees of freedom and those with four degrees of freedom. The first category represents all important class of fluctuation models which when illuminated by a coherent pulse train, return a train of fully correlated pulses （Swerling Ⅰ model） or fully decorrelated pulses （Swerling Ⅱ model）. The detection of this type of fluctuating targets is therefore of great importance. This paper is devoted to the analysis of Cell-Averaging （CA） based detectors for the case where the radar receiver noncoherently integrates M square-law detected pulses and the signal fluctuation obeys 2 statistics with two degrees of freedom. These detectors include the Mean-Of （MO）, the Greatest-Of （GO） and the Smallest-Of（SO） schemes. In these processors, the estimation of the noise power levels from the leading and the trailing reference windows is based on the CA technique. Exact formulas for the detection probabilities are derived, in the absence as well as in the presence of spurious targets. The primary and the secondary interfering targets are assumed to be fluctuating in accordance with the χ^2 fluctuation model with two degrees of freedom （SWI ＆ SWII）. The numerical results show that the MO version has the best homogeneous performance, the SO scheme has the best multiple-target performance, while the GO procedure does not offer any merits, neither in the absence nor in the presence of outlying targets.

An Adaptable Walking-skid for Seabed ROV under Strong Current Disturbance

This paper proposed a new concept of an adaptable multi-legged skid design for retro-fitting to a remotely-operated vehicle （ROV） during high tidal current underwater pipeline inspection. The sole reliance on propeller-driven propulsion for ROV is replaced with a proposed low cost biomimetic solution in the form of an attachable hexapod walking skid. The advantage of this adaptable walking skid is the high stability in positioning and endurances to strong current on the seabed environment. The computer simulation flow studies using Solidworks Flow Simulation shown that the skid attachment in different compensation postures caused at least four times increase in overall drag, and negative lift forces on the seabed ROV to achieve a better maneuvering and station keeping under the high current condition （from 0.5 m/s to 5.0 m/s）. A graphical user interface is designed to interact with the user during robot-in-the-loop testing and kinematics simulation in the pool.