民族志诗学的理论与实践

民族志诗学是 2 0世纪中后期以来在美国民俗学、人类学界兴起的一个重要理论流派。它在承认世界范围内的每一特定文化都有各自独特的诗歌 ,这些诗歌都有其独自的结构和美学特点的前提下 ,发展出了一整套关于在书写文化中进行口头艺术文本录和翻译的观点和方法。这种方法 ,既极大地拓展了书写文化对口头传统的表现力 。

Robust adaptive polarization analysis method for eliminating ground roll in 3C land seismics

To improve the data quality of converted waves, and better identify and suppress the strong ground-roll interference in three-component （3C） seismic recordings on land, we present an adaptive polarization filtering method, which can effectively separate the ground- roll interference by combining complex polarization and instantaneous polarization analysis. The ground roll noise is characterized by elliptical plane polarization, strong energy, low apparent velocity, and low frequency. After low-pass filtering of the 3C data input within a given time-window of the ground roll, the complex covariance matrix is decomposed using the sliding time window with overlapping data and length that depends on the dominant ground-roll frequency. The ground-roll model is established using the main eigenvectors, and the ground roll is detected and identified using the instantaneous polarization area attributes and average energy constraints of the ground-roll zone. Finally, the ground roll is subtracted. The threshold of the method is stable and easy to select, and offers good ground- roll detection. The method is a robust polarization filtering method. Model calculations and actual data indicate that the method can effectively identify and attenuate ground roll while preserving the effective signals.

Molecular Partners of Escherichia coil Transcriptional Modulator AidB

The AidB protein is involved in the adaptive response to DNA alkylation damages in Escherichia coli. Functional proteomic experiments were designed to elucidate AidB biological functions in the presence and in the absence of methyl methanesulfonate as methylating agent. Several proteins were identified in both conditions and according to their reported biological activities, the inter-actors were grouped into three different functional categories： stress response, energetic metabolic pathways and nucleic acid metabolism. Particularly, the interaction between AidB and UvrA, a member of the UvrABCD nucleotide excision system, suggested a new interesting putative role for AidB.

Variations of calcareous nannofossils of cobalt-rich crusts and geological records at the Eocene-OIigocene transition in western Pacific seamounts

Two records of the crust laminae from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts and the Magellan Seamount were biostratigraphically studied. Based on biological imprints of the calcareous nannofossils, the geological ages of the two records were determined, with CM1D03 from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts being of late Paleocene to Pleistocene and CM3D06 from the Magellan Seamount of Late Cretaceous （more than 70.0 Ma）. There are the obvious temporal-spatial differences in the initial formation period and enrichment characteristics of the cobalt-rich crusts of the two seamount chains and differences in the combination and distribution of microfossils in the inner crust layers between the seamounts. These differences are due to the adaptabilities of oceanic species in different environments. Ecological research was carried out in terms of population size of the calcareous nannofossi｜s preserved in the crustal layers to discern the relation of the geological events at the Eocene-Oligocene （E/O） tran- sition. The results show the transitions and recombination of species in the biotic community during the E/O transition obvi- ously corresponded to 25 mm depth in the CM1D03 crust and 58 mm depth in the CM3D06 crust. The changes in biological species and the formation of particular ecological structures indicate the adaptive response of the paleo-biological community in the western Pacific Ocean to the global cold-climate events and the close correlation between the formation of the crust and the global climate change.

围棋是中国古人发明的

围棋,古代又称作"弈"。"围"是围而相杀的意思,"棋"是手执之子,即棋子。因行棋的特点是围而相杀,所以称作"围棋"。首先,我们要知道,围棋是中国人发明的,距今约有四千多年的历史。关于围棋的起源,历史上有许多不同的说法。主要有"尧造围棋"、"战国造围棋"、"乌曹造围棋"和"容成公造围棋"之说。

太极图：术语

一作“天心图”。古代第一步着于天元的布局。明代棋谱《适情录》、《秋仙遗谱》等均有介绍。明清间如汪汉年等名手亦偶有试用。

从《眉山墅隐》看中国古代围棋理论

中国古代围棋著作至晚明之前基本上是角图（定式）和势图（死活）的罗列，虽然到明中后期有了一些有意识的总结和分类，如林应龙的《适情录》，但从棋艺理论的角度来看还显肤浅，明末国手苏之轼的《弈薮》算是此类棋艺著作中的最优秀代表，但仍然还是处于对围棋技术知识的收集分类阶段。真正提出结合全局选择定式和变化运用定式的是明末清初的过百龄的《四子谱》和《三子谱》。

Comparative transcriptome analysis of the lichen-forming fungus Endocarpon pusillum elucidates its drought adaptation mechanisms

The lichen-forming fungus was isolated from the desert lichen Endocarpon pusillum that is extremely drought resistant.To understand the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in the fungus,we employed RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR to compare and characterize the differentially expressed genes in pure culture at two different water levels and with that in desiccated lichen.The comparative transcriptome analysis indicated that a total of 1781 genes were differentially expressed between samples cultured under normal and PEG-induced drought stress conditions.Similar to those in drought resistance plants and non-lichenized fungi,the common drought-resistant mechanisms were differentially expressed in E.pusillum.However,the expression change of genes involved in osmotic regulation in E.pusillum is different,which might be the evidence for the feature of drought adaptation.Interestingly,different from other organisms,some genes involved in drought adaption mechanisms showed significantly different expression patterns between the presence and absence of drought stress in E.pusillum.The expression of 23 candidate stress responsive genes was further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR using dehydrated E.pusillum lichen thalli.This study provides a valuable resource for future research on lichen-forming fungi and shall facilitate future functional studies of the specific genes related to drought resistance.