玉米耐旱适种性与抗病性评价研究——以柘城县玉米为例

以柘城县玉米为研究对象,对其耐旱适种性和抗病性进行评价,并分析二者之间的关系。介绍本研究的实验材料与方法,阐述玉米耐旱适种性的概念和影响因素,以及玉米病害的种类和危害,提出玉米耐旱适种性和抗病性的评价指标和方法,并探究了玉米耐旱适种性与抗病性的研究进展。通过分析实验结果得出以下结论:柘城县玉米的耐旱适种性和抗病性存在一定的相关性,其影响因素主要包括土壤水分和气候条件等。本研究旨在为玉米的种植和生产提供一定的参考。

乐昌铅锌矿区蔬菜重金属含量与适种性评价

为了解重金属矿区蔬菜重金属含量,评价不同种类蔬菜的适种性,采集广东乐昌铅锌矿区菜地11种蔬菜和相土壤样品,用原子吸收分光光度计分析重金属Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd含量,用聚类分析法对11种蔬菜种类进行归类、结果表明,所有蔬菜Pb、Cd均超过国家标准,Cu和Zn基本未超标,土豆、豌豆和椰菜基本适合在当地继续种植.但要谨慎取用不同可食部分。

梅州市龙丰垃圾填埋场封场后适种性研究

通过对梅州市龙丰垃圾填埋场的地理环境、运营模式、土壤性质和营养土层的研究,发现该填埋场具有中等的植被生长条件,废气影响小,覆盖土层达1m以上,无渗滤液的危害.有必要施加以N、P、K为主的复合肥或有机肥,以增加土壤的肥力,有利于植物的快速生长.研究结果表明,龙丰垃圾填埋场可进行植被修复,并可为相关研究提供科学依据.

2011—2050年RCP4.5新情景下东北春玉米种植布局及生产评估

【目的】研究东北地区春玉米适种区域及其生育期、产量对气候变化的响应。【方法】基于气候模式RegCM4输出的未来RCP4.5新气候情景逐日资料,采用经验频率法预测80%保证率下2011—2050年中国东北地区早、中、晚熟型春玉米种植区域时空变化,同时结合作物模型DSSAT4.5对黑龙江省晚熟品种的生育期、产量变化特征及该省因气候变化而新增的晚熟品种可能种植区内晚熟玉米的适种性进行模拟评估。【结果】RCP4.5情景下,2011—2050年东北三省≥10℃的积温呈增加趋势,早、中、晚熟型玉米品种种植界限均有不同程度的北扩或东移,可能种植范围扩大。黑龙江省2011—2050年间晚熟玉米新增可能种植区域内适宜种植晚熟品种;气候变化对原有种植区内晚熟品种生殖生长期的影响程度大于对营养生长期的影响,全生育期天数平均缩短2—11 d;产量变化存在明显空间差异,不考虑CO2肥效作用和考虑CO2肥效作用两种方案下的产量变化范围均介于±20%以内,但考虑CO2肥效作用时的产量较高。【结论】因气候条件变化而新增的春玉米种植区域的适种性需要综合考虑多方面因素来评估。未来40a玉米全生育期天数变化主要源于生殖生长期缩短,大气中CO2浓度增加带来的肥效作用可抵消一部分因温度升高产生的对玉米产量形成的不利影响。

Evaluation of the Adaptability of 28 Green Asparagus Cultivars

[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of 28 green asparagus cultivars under the climatic conditions in Poland and to select cultivars most suitable for growing in Poland. [Method] Based on an overview of asparagus, spears of 28 cultivars from the six year’s harvest in 2008 were evaluated at the Marcelin Experimental Station. During the harvest period, spears were cut daily and trimmed to 22 cm, followed by grading and weigh. In addition, general appearance, anthocyan discolouration, head tightness, colour and smoothness of the spears were also evaluated. [Result] In terms of total yield, ‘Gynlim’ was the best cultivar, followed by ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’, ‘Grolim’ and ‘Ramada’; ‘Gloria’ was the worst cultivar, followed by ‘Tsuki-kho 3’, ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’, ‘Sartaguda’, and ‘Jacq. Ma 2004’. ‘Gynlim’, ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’, ‘Ramada’ and ‘Ariane’ were the top five cultivars in early yield, and the worst cultivar concerning early yield was ‘PLA-2132’, followed by ‘Ramos’, ‘Tsuki-kho 3’ and ‘Purple Passion’. ‘Ariane’, ‘Cipress’, ‘Grolim’, ‘Gynlim’ and ‘Hannibal’ were five best culivars considering spear quality, and the four worst cultivars were ‘Jacq. Ma 2004’, ‘Gloria’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’ and ‘Tsuki-kho 3’. [Conclusion] Taken both the yield and quality of spears into consideration, the most suitable cultivars of green spears for growing under the climatic conditions in Poland should be ‘Gynlim’, ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’ and ‘Grolim’, while ‘Gloria’, ‘Tsuki-kho 3’, ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’ and ‘Sartaguda’ were not suitable for growing in Poland.

A GIS-based Study on Suitability Estimation of Tea Cultivation in Qimen County

On the basis of data from Soil Test and Formula Fertilization project in Qimen county,we employed Geographic Information System Software ArcGIS 9.2 and CLRMIS（Cultivated Land Resource Management Information System at County Scale） to establish region-specific estimation index system for tea cultivation in Qimen County by determining the estimation units,and carried out quantitative estimation analysis on tea cultivation there via comprehensive evaluation indices for natural elements of cultivated land.The results showed that the highly suitable,suitable,reluctantly suitable and unsuitable acreages are 5 665.8,8 327.1,8 415.9 and 11 979.9 hm2 respectively,accounting for 24.0%,35.3%,35.7% and 5.1% of the total acreage of cultivated land.These results would facilitate the production of high yield and quality tea in Qimen County.

The Anylasis of Fitness on Maize Cultivation Based on RS and GIS

Maize is one of our country quite important grain crops,its height output is an important pillar ensure that grain of our country is safe,if speedy science ascertaining that maize expediency area cultivating,it can provide the most reliable decision-making reference to jobs such as agricultural regionalization,crop layout,accurate agriculture of essence.The article carries out a maize cultivating expediency research make use of the minute RS and GIS means,it can guarantee the results is timeliness and scientificalness.

Study on the Introduction of Plants with Colored Foliage in Zhengzhou Area and Their Adaptability

[Objective] This study aimed to preliminarily select the plants with colored foliage adaptable to Zhengzhou area. [Method] An introduction trial on 42 varieties with colored foliage was conducted, in which major ornamental characteristics, phenological phases and stress resistance of all the introduced plants with colored foliage were observed and the introduced plants were comprehensively evaluated. [Result] Golden-and Compound-leaved Maple, Red-leaved Sakura, Pink-and Compound-leaved Maple, Amur Maple, Purple-leaved Canadian Redbud with good performance were selected preliminarily, which can be applied for landscape in Zhengzhou area. Among them, Golden- and Compound-leaved Maple, Golden- and Silvery-leaved Maple and Purple-leaved Smoketree can either be planted separately, or in a line as boulevard trees, or in groups as ornamental forest; Red-leaved Sakura, Pink- and Compound-leaved Maple and Purple-leaved Canadian Redbud can be planted in groups or separately in gardens, parks or alongside streets or in front of buildings; Amur Maple with high adaptability is a excellent tree species for afforesting barren mountain. [Conclusion] This study has not only provided new excellent germplasm sources for the landscaping in Zhengzhou area, thus favoring the improvement of local landscaping level, but also provides examples and references for the introduction of plants with colored foliage in the other areas.

Adaptability of Some Blueberry Species in Tianjin

[Objective] The aim was to research the adaptability of 8 blueberry species in Tianjin. [Method] With 8 blueberry species as materials, blueberry was explored in terms of plant characters, the type of fruit-bearing branch, phenological phase, fruit economic characters, and yielding capacity. [Result] Al blueberry species were suitable to be grown in Tianjin with improved soils, showing blueberry growth characters, without any virus or diseases. General y speaking, species B, C, D, E, F and G can be grown in soils exposed to the air as fresh food; species A and H are suitable to be cultivation; species C tastes sour, which can be planted for further production. [Conclusion] The research provides references for blueberry introduction, selection, and cultivation in the region with similar ecological characters.

Introduction Performance and Cultivation Techniques of Himrod Grape Planted in Tianjin

After six years of Himrod grape regional trial, the Himrod had very early- ripening precocity, stable flower bud differentiation, good fruit quality and great resis- tance to diseases, which could be a moderate development grape variety in Tianjin. The introduction performance cultivation techniques of Himrod grape were summa- rized.

Study on the Adaptability of Introduced Lippia nodiflora in the Rock Desertifation Area in Chongqing

With intensifying of karst rock desertification in Southwest China, the techniques and modes about taming of karst rock desertification are increasingly rich. But some methods and technologies were hard to transplant. According to the concrete conditions of karst rock desertification in Chongqing, Lippia nodiflora(L.) Greene was introduced as a kind of pioneer plant. By way of the cultivation of introduced practice in Nanchuan District and Wushan County, the phenophase, growth rate and resistibility of Lippia nodiflora were tested. The results show that Lippia nodiflora was suitable for being promoted in karst rock desertification areas, for it’s rapid growth, drought-relief, low death rate and adaptability to calcium in soil.

Ecological Assessment on the Introduced Sonneratia caseolaris and S. apetala at the Mangrove Forest of Shenzhen Bay, China

yTwo exotic species, Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. and S. apetala B. Ham., were introduced to Futian Mangrove Forest Nature Reserve, Shenzhen Bay, in 1993 for afforestation. Winter cold caused frigid harm but did not appear to be an obstacle to the introduction. The cold tolerance of the parental and filial generation increased in several years. The two Sonneratia spp. could propagate by seeds and disperse in Shenzhen Bay. While the two species grew faster than indigenous species, at the same time they promoted the growth of indigenous species, but they could not replace indigenous mangrove species. Suitable habitat was more important than the distance from the source in the natural spreading for the two species. The niche of the two species did not overlap with the niche of indigenous species. The two species did not self regenerate, although they could disperse on localized area in Shenzhen Bay. Therefore, it was unlikely that the two species would pose ecological disaster.

Suitable Region for Flue-cured Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca L.) Planting Based on Spatial Scene Similarity

[Objective] The aim was to establish a model based on spatial scene similarity, for which soil, slope, transport, water conservancy, light, social economic factors in suitable planting areas were all considered. A new suitable planting area of flue-cured tobacco was determined by comparison and analysis, with consideration of excellent area. [Method] Totaling thirty natural factors were chosen, which were clas- sified into nine categories, from Longpeng Town （LP） and Shaochong Town （SC） in Shiping County in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture. [Result] According to weights, the factors from high to low were as follows： soil〉light〉elevation〉slope〉 water conservancy〉transport〉baking facility〉planting plans over the years〉others. The similarity of geographical conditions in the area was 0.894 3, which indicated that the planting conditions in the two regions are similar. If farmer population in unit area, farmland quantity for individual farmer, labors in every household, activity in planting flue-cured tobacco and work of local instructor were considered, the weights of different factors were as follows： farmer population in unit area〉farmland quantity for individual farmer〉farmers＇ activity in planting flue-cured tobacco〉educational back- ground〉labor force in every household〉instructor〉population of farmers＇ children at- tending school. The similarity of geographical conditions was 0.703 1, which indicated that it is none-natural factors that influence yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Conclusion] According to analysis on suitable planting area of flue-cured tobacco based on assessment of spatial scene similarity, similarity of growing conditions in two spatial scenes can be analyzed and evaluated, which would promote further exploration on, influencing factors and effects on tobacco production.

Assessing Adaptability of Planted Trees Using Leaf Traits: A Case Study with Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the Loess Plateau, China

Leaf trait patterns and their variations with climate are interpreted as an adaptive adjustment to environment.This study assessed the adaptability of planted black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) based on the analysis of leaf traits and the comparison of its leaf traits with inter-specific ones existing in the same area.We measured some water and N use related leaf traits: leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and N,P and K concentrations based on both leaf area (Narea,Parea and Karea) and leaf mass (Nmass,Pmass and Kmass) of R.pseudoacacia at 31 sites along a water stress gradient in North Shaanxi Province,China.The results show that leaves of R.pseudoacacia have high Nmass and low LMA in the study area.High Nmass and low LMA are usually representative of luxurious resource use,and will advance plant resource competitiveness in high-resource conditions.As a whole,LMA-nutrient relationships of R.pseudoacacia display patterns that are fairly similar to the inter-specific relationships in both direction and intensity.The tendency for LMA and Narea to increase with decreasing water availability and the positive correlation between LMA and Narea reflect the trend for R.pseudoacacia to enhance water use efficiency (WUE) at the expense of down-regulated photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and high construction cost in dry conditions.However,the positive relationship between LMA and Narea in high mean annual precipitation (MAP) area is either unremarkable or reversed with decreasing water availability.This implies a lower photosynthetic capacity and a higher construction cost for high-LMA leaves.The inter-specific relationship between LMA and Narea is positive and does not change with water availability.This difference between inter-species and intra-species may be due to more diversified anatomies and more specialised structures for inter-species than intra-species.The failure of R.pseudoacacia adaption to dry conditions reflected by LMA-Narea relationship may be partially responsible for the emergence of rampike and dwarf forms found frequently in dry conditions.Incorporating intrinsic characteristics of planted trees into vegetation restoration project will be instructive and meaningful for species selection.

Modeling habitat suitability of range plant species using random forest method in arid mountainous rangelands

Mountainous rangelands play a pivotal role in providing forage resources for livestock, particularly in summer, and maintaining ecological balance. This study aimed to identify environmental variables affecting range plant species distribution, ecological analysis of the relationship between these variables and the distribution of plants, and to model and map the plant habitats suitability by the Random Forest Method(RFM) in rangelands of the Taftan Mountain, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, southeastern Iran. In order to determine the environmental variables and estimate the potential distribution of plant species, the presence points of plants were recorded by using systematic random sampling method(90 points of presence) and soils were sampled in 5 habitats by random method in 0–30 and 30–60 cm depths. The layers of environmental variables were prepared using the Kriging interpolation method and Geographic Information System facilities. The distribution of the plant habitats was finally modelled and mapped by the RFM. Continuous maps of the habitat suitability were converted to binary maps using Youden Index(?) in order to evaluate the accuracy of the RFM in estimation of the distribution of species potentialhabitat. Based on the values of the area under curve(AUC) statistics, accuracy of predictive models of all habitats was in good level. Investigating the agreement between the predicted map, generated by each model, and actual maps, generated from fieldmeasured data, of the plant habitats, was at a high level for all habitats, except for Amygdalus scoparia habitat. This study concluded that the RFM is a robust model to analyze the relationships between the distribution of plant species and environmental variables as well as to prepare potential distribution maps of plant habitats that are of higher priority for conservation on the local scale in arid mountainous rangelands.

云南茶叶主产区古树红茶加工技术

本文以云南大叶种古树茶单芽及一芽二叶初展鲜叶为原料,通过低温长时或加温萎凋技术,轻压或适度重压长时间揉捻,控温控湿定时发酵及理条、整形技术措施,探索出适合云南茶叶主产区古树滇红茶的加工工艺,应用此工艺生产的古树滇红茶系列产品得到市场认可及消费者喜爱。

Planning and Design for Eco-Sustainable Farmland Consolidation

With a view of sustainable development, different kinds of farmland consolidation are reviewed. A planning and design mode for eco-sustainable farmland consolidation, which integrated the ecotypic board, the ecotypic tunnel, the ecotypic island, and the ecotypic boundary, is proposed. Then, an actual case of farmland consolidation, a project located in Yinzhou County, Zhejiang Province, is used to demonstrate the effective application procedures of the planning and design mode.

Study on Ecological Adaptability of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety ‘NC297’ in Yunnan Province

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the ecological adaptability of flue-cured tobacco variety ‘NC297’ in Yunnan Province. MethodContinuous years of multi-location demonstration experiments were conducted at different altitudes, to explore the ecological adaptability of flue-cured tobacco variety ‘NC297’. ResultThe results showed that ‘NC297’ had extensive ecological adaptability at different altitudes, with well-coordinated tobacco leaf yield （2 016-2 562 kg/hm 2 ）, resistance, quality and other major agronomic traits, which were similar to the performance in its original habitat. ‘NC297’ had high fertilizer tolerance, high disease resistance, high quality and proper yield, which was easy to cure with high comprehensive score of the appearance quality and relatively appropriate ratio of sugar to nicotine and difference between contents of total sugar and reducing sugar. The aroma of ‘NC297’ was sweeter and richer than that of control varieties ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’. ‘NC297’ belonged to delicate fragrance-type tobacco, as a high-quality variety suitable for cultivation in regions with medium or high fertility at middle altitudes of 1 600-1 800 m. The most suitable planting density was 15 000-16 500 plants/hm 2 , the optimal fertilization ratio was N∶P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O=1∶1∶3, application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 105 -135 kg/hm 2 in the field and 75 -105 kg/hm 2 in the ground. ConclusionFlue-cured tobacco variety ‘NC297’ has high ecological adaptability and good quality characteristics at different altitudes and can be promoted and cultivated in different ecological zones.

Research on the Adaptability of New Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties(Lines) in Ankang Tobacco Growing Area

In order to screen new flue-cured tobacco varieties （lines） with mountain characteristics of Ankang tobacco growing area, the adaptable selection experiments of 6 newly introduced flue-cured tobacco varieties （lines） were carried out at the 2 set test sites in Ankang producing areas with K326, ＇Yunyan 87＇ and ＇Qinyan 96＇ as controls. The results showed that YN105 had more leaves per plant and coordi- nate chemical composition, and the yield per unit area was 2 221.05 kg/hm2 with the single output of 33 960.00 yuan/hm^2. Its rate of high and medium class leaves was 80.17%, presenting good performances in testing varieties （lines）. The flowering of YN99 was late but showed coordinate chemical composition, and the yield per unit area was 2 128.50 kg/hm^2 with the single output of 33 454.05 yuan/hm^2. Its rate of high and medium class leaves was 83.17%, which also had good perfor- mances in testing varieties （lines）. It was recommended that YN105 and YN99 be moderate planted in Ankang tobacco growing area, but further experiment is needed to confirm.

Screening of Tobacco Varieties/Lines Suitable for Ankang Tobacco-growing Area of Shaanxi Province

In order to screen excellent tobacco varieties/lines that can be promoted in Ankang tobacco-growing area, this article analyzed the growth stages, botanical characteristics, agronomic characteristics, disease resistance, flue-cured leaf appearance and economic characteristics of five tobacco varieties （lines）： Yunyan 99, Yunyan 105, 6517, PVH19 and K326. The results showed that, compared with the control K326, Yunyan 105 had good appearance of flue-cured leaves, long growth duration and high disease resistance; its floral buds appeared early; it produced 22.8 leaves per plant, high yield of 2 134.5 kg/hm2 and high economic output of 39 274.8 Yuan/hm2. The percentage of first-class leaves of Yunyan 105 reached 39.07%, and the weight per leaf was 8.4 g. Yunyan 99 also had good appearance of flue-cured leaves, large stem diameter, large middle leaves high disease resistance; the sand leaves of Yunyan 99 matured early; its tobacco leaf yield was 2 058 kg/hm2, and its economic output reached 36 838.5 Yuan/hm2; the percentage of first-class leaves of Yunyan 99 was 40.4%. In summary, both Yunyan 105 and Yunyan 99 performed well in all tested traits, and thus can be selectively planted in Ankang tobaccogrowing area.