随着电力系统数据采集手段的不断完善,基于数据的分析方法在电力系统运行分析中扮演着日益重要的角色。现有的数据分析方法主要分析数据之间的相关关系。事实上,两个强相关变量间通常呈现出不对称的因果关系。若能揭示电力系统运行变量...随着电力系统数据采集手段的不断完善,基于数据的分析方法在电力系统运行分析中扮演着日益重要的角色。现有的数据分析方法主要分析数据之间的相关关系。事实上,两个强相关变量间通常呈现出不对称的因果关系。若能揭示电力系统运行变量间的因果关系,必将有助于深刻地洞察电力系统运行的内在规律性。近年来,因果推断的研究取得很大进展,使得基于数据的因果分析成为可能。该文从物理机制上揭示电力系统中强相关变量之间因果关系的不对称属性;提出一种逆信息熵因果推理(reciprocal information entropy causal inference,RIECI)方法,所构建的指标不仅可以有效判别相关变量间的因果方向,还能正确反映因果强度。在电力系统算例中的验证表明,RIECI方法能有效揭示电力系统运行数据中的因果关系。对电力系统运行数据中因果关系的分析对于认知电力系统运行机理和正确调控电力系统运行状态有重要意义。展开更多
A substantial part of the human genome is derived from transposable elements;remnants of ancient retroviral infections.Conservative estimates set the percentage of human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs) in the genome at...A substantial part of the human genome is derived from transposable elements;remnants of ancient retroviral infections.Conservative estimates set the percentage of human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs) in the genome at 8%.For the most part,the interplay between mutations,epigenetic mechanisms and posttranscriptional regulations silence HERVs in somatic cells.We first highlight mechanisms by which activation of members of several HERV families may be associated with tumor development before discussing the arising chances for both diagnosis and therapy.It has been shown that at least in some cases,tumor cells expressing HERV open reading frames(ORFs) thus gain tumor-promoting functions.However,since these proteins are not expressed in healthy tissues,they become prime target structures.Of potential pharmacological interest are the prevention of HERV transposition,the inhibition of HERV-encoded protein expression and the interference with these proteins' activities.Evidence from recent studies unequivocally proves that HERV ORFs represent a very interesting source of novel tumor-specific antigens with even the potential to surpass entity boundaries.The development of new tumor(immune-) therapies is a very active field and true tumor-specific targets are of outstanding interest since they minimize the risk of autoimmunity and could reduce side effects.Finally,we postulate on main future research streams in order to stimulate discussion on this hot topic.展开更多
文摘随着电力系统数据采集手段的不断完善,基于数据的分析方法在电力系统运行分析中扮演着日益重要的角色。现有的数据分析方法主要分析数据之间的相关关系。事实上,两个强相关变量间通常呈现出不对称的因果关系。若能揭示电力系统运行变量间的因果关系,必将有助于深刻地洞察电力系统运行的内在规律性。近年来,因果推断的研究取得很大进展,使得基于数据的因果分析成为可能。该文从物理机制上揭示电力系统中强相关变量之间因果关系的不对称属性;提出一种逆信息熵因果推理(reciprocal information entropy causal inference,RIECI)方法,所构建的指标不仅可以有效判别相关变量间的因果方向,还能正确反映因果强度。在电力系统算例中的验证表明,RIECI方法能有效揭示电力系统运行数据中的因果关系。对电力系统运行数据中因果关系的分析对于认知电力系统运行机理和正确调控电力系统运行状态有重要意义。
基金Supported by Grants from the State Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and from Deutsche Krebshilfe,No.108446
文摘A substantial part of the human genome is derived from transposable elements;remnants of ancient retroviral infections.Conservative estimates set the percentage of human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs) in the genome at 8%.For the most part,the interplay between mutations,epigenetic mechanisms and posttranscriptional regulations silence HERVs in somatic cells.We first highlight mechanisms by which activation of members of several HERV families may be associated with tumor development before discussing the arising chances for both diagnosis and therapy.It has been shown that at least in some cases,tumor cells expressing HERV open reading frames(ORFs) thus gain tumor-promoting functions.However,since these proteins are not expressed in healthy tissues,they become prime target structures.Of potential pharmacological interest are the prevention of HERV transposition,the inhibition of HERV-encoded protein expression and the interference with these proteins' activities.Evidence from recent studies unequivocally proves that HERV ORFs represent a very interesting source of novel tumor-specific antigens with even the potential to surpass entity boundaries.The development of new tumor(immune-) therapies is a very active field and true tumor-specific targets are of outstanding interest since they minimize the risk of autoimmunity and could reduce side effects.Finally,we postulate on main future research streams in order to stimulate discussion on this hot topic.
