猪肠源性枯草芽孢杆菌耐逆性研究

研究了猪肠源性枯草芽孢杆菌对逆性因子的耐受性。将猪肠源性枯草芽孢杆菌作如下试验处理,在pH为2.0、3.0和4.0的营养液中培养3、6和9 h,在含0.1%、0.3%和0.5%胆盐营养液中培养4和8 h,在70、80、90和100℃的营养液中处理10和20 min,在Cu和Zn离子浓度分别为0、100、200、300、400和500 mg·L-1的营养液中培养24 h,测定细菌存活率;在常规营养液中和37℃条件下培养24和48 h,测定培养液中细菌分泌的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性。试验结果显示,猪肠源性枯草芽孢杆菌对酸和胆盐有较强的耐受性,对70～90℃的高温也有不同程度的耐受力;微量元素铜离子对枯草芽孢杆菌的增殖有促进作用,但锌离子对其有抑制作用;枯草芽孢杆菌有较强的产蛋白酶能力,但产淀粉酶性能较弱。基于试验结果推断,猪肠源性枯草芽孢杆菌对酸、胆盐、高温和铜离子的耐受性较强。

几株乳酸杆菌耐逆性的比较研究

试验主要比较研究了6株乳酸杆菌对热(55℃和65℃)、酸(pH值1.0、2.0和3.0)、胆盐(0.1%和0.3%)、微量元素铜(0、10、50和250mg/L)和锌(0、120、600和3 000mg/L)的耐受性。结果表明:各菌株对这些因子的耐受性有不同程度的差异,如菌株LGG增殖速度、产酸性、耐酸性和耐温度55℃的能力都较其他菌株好,但该菌株在65℃下存活率极低;菌株ZJ614耐高温能力较强,在65℃处理20min后存活率能达到19.2%,但Cu2+(50 mg/L)对其增殖的不良影响较大;菌株ZJ621虽对酸的耐受性较强,但对胆盐的耐受性较差。经全面考察各菌株对各逆性因子的耐受性,初步推断,菌株ZJ610和ZJ617的综合耐逆性相对较强。

Free radicals and antioxidant systems in reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus

AIM: Experimental studies suggest that free radicals are involved in acid and pepsin-induced damage of esophageal mucosa. The profile and balance between free radicals and antioxidant systems in human esophagitis are unknown. METHODS: Superoxide anion and its powerful oxidant reaction with nitric oxide (peroxynitrite) generation were determined in esophageal mucosal biopsies from 101 patients with different gastro-esophageal reflux diseases and 28 controls. Activity of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, were also assessed. Expression of Cu,ZnSOD, MnSOD and tyrosine-nitrated MnSOD were analyzed by Western blot and/or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The highest levels of superoxide anion generation were found in patients with severe lesions of esophagitis. Peroxynitrite generation was intense in Barrett's biopsies, weaker in esophagitis and absent/weak in normal mucosa. Expression of Cu,ZnSOD and MnSOD isoforms were present in normal mucosa and increased according to the severity of the lesion, reaching the highest level in Barrett's esophagus. However, SOD mucosal activity significantly decreased in patients with esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus, which was, at least in part, due to nitration of its tyrosine residues. Catalase activity and GSH levels were significantly increased in mucosal specimens from patients with esophagitis and/or Barrett's esophagus. CONCLUSION: A decrease in SOD antioxidant activity leading to increased mucosal levels of superoxide anion and peroxynitrite radicals may contribute to the development of esophageal damage and Barrett's esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Administration of SOD may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus.