丰满水库水温的原型观测及分析

为探究寒区冰封水库热状况的时空演变规律,于2010年6月～2011年8月对丰满水库的水温和冰情进行了原型观测。基于现场观测资料,阐述了丰满库区不同季节热结构的变化规律,重点分析了汛期洪水过程对分层结构的影响,并发现解冻初期水库表层浮力流动现象。同时,典型水温分层期1月和6月的坝前75～800 m范围4条水温观测垂线基本一致,且同期电站下泄水温与坝前取水口对应高程平均水温差异较小,说明该水域范围内无三维水温效应。由于深层取水影响,丰满电站下泄水温过程较为稳定,但与坝址天然水温相比,5～7月、10～12月分别表现出月平均高达10.8℃、7.9℃的春夏低温水和秋冬高温水现象。此外,冰情监测结果表明,丰满水库冬季基本全库封冻,坝前最大冰厚约0.7 m,且库区冰厚沿程出现不均匀分布的规律。

An inverse method for online stress monitoring and fatigue life analysis of boiler drums

A method based on solution of the inverse heat conduction problem was presented for online stress monitoring and fatigue life analysis of boiler drums. The mathematical model of the drum temperature distribution is based on the assumptions that the difference of temperature along the longitudinal axis of the boiler drum is negligible with changes only in the radial direction and the circumferential direction, and that the outer surface of drum is thermaUy insulated. Combining this model with the control-volume method provides temperatures at different points on a cross-section of the drum. With the temperature data, the stresses and the life expectancy of the boiler drum are derived according to the ASME code. Applying this method to the cold start-up process of a 300 MW boiler demonstrated the absence of errors caused by the boundary condition assumptions on the inner surface of the drum and testified that the method is an applicable technique for the online stress monitoring and fatigue life analysis of boiler drums.

西北寒旱区高坝水库的水温与冰情研究

为探究西部寒旱地区水库修建对水温、冰情的影响,采用垂向一维水温冰情模型及纵向一维水温模型,对黑河黄藏寺水库库区和坝下游河道水温、冰情进行了预测,并与建库前进行了对比和分析。研究结果表明:黄藏寺水库水温结构为分层型,冬季坝前水温呈逆温分布,水库的修建对库区及坝下河段冰情程度有一定的弱化,初冰时间较建库前推迟约1个月,冰情持续时间减少约20天,最大冰厚由建库前的0.76 m减小至0.49 m,坝下一定范围内不再有冰情出现;水库泄水出现了一定的春夏季低温水及秋冬季高温水现象,沿程水温在各时段均出现了不同程度的恢复效应。