南海东北部夏季逆风流数值模拟

以1939—1978年的7月平均风场代表夏季风，数值求解南海流场对风应力输入的响应。结果表明，即使盛夏仍有黑潮水经巴士海峡流入南海；风应力与陆坡地形相互作用的影响，在116°E以西陆坡上占优势，形成辐散上升，生成低水位带及冷水带，其北侧生成夏季逆风流；116°E以东陆坡上，黑潮水占优势，具有向北分量流速的黑潮水在那里辐聚下沉形成高水位带及暖水带，其北侧生成东北向顺风流（即夏季南海暖流）。

南海北部冬季和夏季逆风流机制初探──Ⅰ．季风逆风流诊断方程及其诊断判据

通过简化原始运动方程，得到南海北部季风逆风流诊断方程，对季风逆风流诊断方程进行必要的数学处理后，导出南海北部产生季风逆风流的必要条件和诊断判据；指出南海北部季风逆风流由风生直接逆风流与风生间接逆风流叠加而成，风生间接过风流由风生间接正压地转逆风流与风生间接斜压地转逆风流组成，还导出风致巴士海峡以东的黑潮水影响季风逆风流的判据，在合适的风向及适当的摩擦系数情况下，黑潮水可成为间接逆风流的热源。并首次提出风生直接逆风流、风生间接逆风流、正压逆风流、斜压逆风流、风生间接正压地转逆风流和风生间接斜压地转逆风流概念。

台湾海峡暖流成因的研究——冬季逆风流的一种解释

求解渠道中的线性化流动问题,用以模拟台湾海峡中的流动。固有的(由大洋环流维持的)纵向海面坡度和岸边阻挡作用将诱发更大的横向海面坡度,它产生的梯度流强化了台湾海峡暖流。夏季偏南风将加强这股流动,而冬季偏北风将削弱这股流动,并可在表层形成顺风漂流,但次表层以下仍维持逆风海流。海峡中的北向流在靠大陆一侧形成上升流,这可能是构成闽中、闽北上升流的一种机制。

南海北部冬季和夏季逆风流机制初探Ⅱ.季风逆风流产生机制

分析讨论了季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦在产生季风逆风流的必要条件和间接逆风流诊断判据中的作用；应用季风逆风流必要条件和间接逆风流诊断判据，解释冬季风和夏季风逆风流是如何产生的。结果表明：季风风应力是产生季风逆风流的主导因素；冬季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦三者联合作用导致表层海水在大陆坡上产生辐合生成高水位带和高动力高度带，在大陆被北侧产生NE向的冬季逆风流，南侧产生SW向顺风流；夏季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦三者联合作用导致表层海水在大陆坡上产生辐散生成低水位带和低动力高度带，在大陆被北侧产生SW向的夏季逆风流，南侧产生NE向的顺风流；冬季风盛行期间，风致经巴士海峡流入南海的黑潮水，将加速冬季逆风流的形成，加大冬季逆风流的强度；夏季风盛行期间，风应力的作用使巴上海峡以东的黑潮水不能进入南海，即使别的原因令巴上海峡以东的黑潮水流入南海，但高温、高盐的黑潮水对夏季逆风流具有阻扼作用。

南海东北部冬季逆风流数值试验

用11种假定情况对南海东北部冬季逆风流（简称冬季逆风流）是否产生进行数值试验。结果表明，除平底、静风假定外，南海东北部大陆坡上均有表层海水辐合带形成；该带是产生冬季逆风流的必要条件。经巴士海峡流入的黑潮水加强大陆坡区辐合带，加速冬季逆风流的形成。风应力、大陆坡是冬季逆风流产生的决定因素。冬季逆风流对风应力曳力系数（CD）及水平涡动系数（AH）的取值相当敏感。

南海北部冬季逆风流的动力诊断

采用高分辨率三维海洋环流模式对南海北部陆架／陆坡区环流场进行动力诊断分析,探讨南海暖流所在海区环流场的动量收支和南海暖流逆风流动的动量来源．研究表明,穿越陆架的压力梯度和跨陆架输运的地转适应是产生东北向逆风流的主要原因;沿陆架方向的压力梯度与海面应力、海底应力和科氏力相平衡,且量级比穿越陆架方向上动量方程各项的量级小．该海区动量收支方式的分析对今后南海北部海洋环境预报具有重要参考价值．

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WINDBLAST PROTECTION AT HIGH SPEED

The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method is used to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the seat/occupant with windblast protection devices. The upwind Osher scheme is used for the spatial discretisation. The detached-eddy simulation （DES） based on the Spalart-Allmaras one-equation turbulence model is ap- plied to the detached viscous flow simulation behind the seat/occupant, with Mach numbers 0.6 and 1.2 at attack angles between --10 and 30°, and at two sideslip angles of 0 and 15°, respectively. The aerodynamic characteristics of seat/occupants with and without windblast protection devices are calculated in cases of the freestream Mach numbers 0. 8 and 1.6, attack angles from 5 to 30°, and three sideslip angles of 0, --20 and --50°, respectively. Results show that simulation results agree well with experimental data. And the occupant is efficiently protected by windblast protection devices.

Experimental Study on Airflow Reversal Within Bypass Branch During Mine Fire

Based on the analysis of conditions for airflow reversal within a bypass branch, the airflow reversal phenomena were successfully simulated in the laboratory experiments. Data obtained indicate that airflow reversal within a bypass branch is mainly caused by fire pressure yielded in the combustion branch. In addition, the maximum reversal quantity of airflow occurs in step with the highest temperature of fire, the highest concentration of CO 2 and the lowest concentration of O 2. Moreover, the time that fire size reaches the maximum value corresponds to the time airflow reversal in the bypass branch is most possible. The results are of great significance for guiding rescue work to avoid airflow reversal.

迎风条件下速度梯度对地面涡气动特性影响数值模拟

以缩比的近地面短舱进气道为研究对象,通过数值计算模拟的方法得出在迎风来流条件下速度梯度对地面涡流场的结构及气动特性曲线的影响。研究表明,速度梯度是影响地面涡的主要因素。在不同的速度梯度下地面涡结构明显不同。在Y方向速度梯度下近地截面形成的地面涡是一对涡,旋转方向相反。速度梯度越大,地面涡强度,总压畸变指数明显变大。且峰值会出现滞后现象。在Z方向速度梯度下,近地截面形成的地面涡是一个单涡结构,在进气道上方也会形成一个涡体。地面涡强度、总压畸变指数会先增大后减小,峰值不会出现滞后现象。

Reversal process of the South China Sea western boundary current in autumn 2011

Using merged sea level anomaly and absolute geostrophic velocity products from satellite altimetry and Argos drifter data, we analyzed the reversal process of the South China Sea （SCS） westem boundary current （SCSwbc） from a summer to winter pattern in 2011 and important oceanic phenomena during this process. Results show that the outbreak time of the northeast monsoon over the southern SCS lagged that over the northern SCS by about 1 month. During the SCS monsoon reversal period, the SCSwbc reversed rapidly into the winter pattern at the Guangdong continental slope in late September. Subsequently, the southward Vietnam coastal boundary current strengthened. However, the northward Natuna Current maintained a summer state until mid-October. Thus, the balance between the southward and northward currents was lost when they met, their junction moved gradually southward. However, a loop current formed southeast of Vietnam because the main stream of the Vietnam Offshore Current （VOC） remained near its original latitude, Meanwhile, the VOC and associated dipole circulation system strengthened. After mid- October, the northward Natuna Current began to weaken, the loop current finally shed, becoming a cool ring. The VOC and its associated dipole sub-basin circulation system also weakened gradually until it disappeared.

教堂在大火中消失

1998年10月28日中午时分,一场大火打破了美国伊利洛伊州巴凌顿这座小镇的宁静。这天有16支消防队赶赴现场扑救这场大火。火灾中没有人受重伤,但火灾造成了重大的损失,严重毁坏了巴凌顿这座古老的教堂。