考虑多目标的灾后伤员转运与应急医疗物资分配研究

自然灾害发生后,往往有大量的伤员需要救治,所以选择合适的地点建立临时医院并且为不同受伤程度的伤员制定转运计划,提高伤员的生存概率是灾后应急救援的关键。针对灾后伤员转运及应急医疗物资分配问题,综合考虑伤员转运车辆数量有限、应急医疗物资到达临时医院的时间对伤员生存概率的影响、灾区道路状况和临时医院容量限制等因素,构建了最大化伤员总生存概率和最大化车辆行驶道路安全性的灾后伤员转运和应急医疗物资分配双目标模型,设计多目标粒子群算法对模型进行求解。最后,通过案例分析和对关键参数进行敏感度分析,验证模型的有效性,得到相关结论可为灾后应急管理决策提供参考。研究结果表明,当应急医疗物资无法在伤员转运至临时医院之前到达时,综合考虑伤员转运与应急医疗物资分配,更能够增大伤员的生存概率。

震后多目标动态应急医疗设施选址-伤员转运问题研究

地震等灾害的突发性和破坏性常导致部分伤员无法得到快速有效的救治,同时会给伤员造成一定的负面心理,影响救援效率。本文综合考虑救护车辆(救护车、直升机)和医疗设施容量的动态变化、各类伤员生存概率随时间动态变化以及伤员心理状况变化,构建了最大化伤员生存数量和最小化心理成本的震后伤员二级后送模式的医疗设施选址-伤员转运双目标动态规划模型。运用epsilon约束法有效处理双目标模型,以玉树地震后伤员后送问题为例,采用CPLEX对模型进行求解,通过分析医疗资源数量对伤员转运数量的影响,表明在伤员后送过程中,增加临时医院数量或容量与救护车数量比增加后方医院数量或容量与直升机数量更有效;考虑伤员的心理成本,为了提高伤员存活率,在灾害前期,可以通过增加救护车数量,转运更多的重伤员,而中后期提高临时医院容量,尽量优先转运轻伤员。

Hub location of air cargo company in air alliance

Based on the characteristics of the air alliance environment saving transport mileage,the hub location problem of the air cargo network was studied.First,the air alliance selection probability model was introduced to determine the alliance self-operation or outsourcing probability in different segments.Then,according to the location center rule,with the goal of minimizing the total cost,the hub location model was built.The improved immune chaos genetic algorithm was used to solve this model.The results show that the improved algorithm has stronger convergence and better effect than the immune genetic algorithm.When the number of hubs increases,the fixed cost increases,but the transportation cost decreases.The greater the discount factor,the fixed cost,and the self operating cost sharing coefficient,the higher the total network cost.The airline which joins the air alliance can greatly reduce the operating cost of airlines.Therefore,airlines should consider joining the alliance.