PVP(选择性光气化术)联合吡柔比星灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎(附54例报告)

目的：评价PVP（选择性光气化术）联合吡柔比星灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎的疗效。方法：应用PVP经尿道对54例腺性膀胱炎患者进行选择性光汽化治疗,2周后行（吡柔比星30mg＋10%葡萄糖50ml）膀胱灌注。结果：54例腺性膀胱炎患者术后随访（6~24）个月,（3~6）个月复查一次膀胱镜,其中52例患者膀胱粘膜均正常,未见炎症改变,随机选取27例行膀胱粘膜活检,病理未见布氏巢。2例患者膀胱粘膜可见滤泡样改变,取病理证实可见布氏巢。患者满意率：96.29%。结论：PVP（选择性光气化术）联合吡柔比星灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎是一种安全有效的方法。

光选择性前列腺气化术治疗良性前列腺增生短期疗效分析

目的:分析和研究光选择性前列腺气化术治疗良性前列腺增生短期疗效。方法我们选择2011年7月~2013年9月良性前列腺增生患者114例,将其随机分为观察组(57例)与对照组(57例)。对照组患者采用经尿道前列腺电切术进行治疗;观察组患者采用光选择性前列腺气化术进行治疗,将两组患者安全性及有效性进行对比。结果两组患者术后最大尿流率、国际前列腺症状评分、膀胱残余尿量等项指标无明显差异P>0.05,无统计学意义。观察组患者术中出血量、膀胱术后冲洗时间、尿管术后留置时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论将光选择性前列腺气化术应用于良性前列腺增生患者的治疗中,治疗效果较明显,患者术后并发症发生率较低并且症状轻微,利于减轻患者的痛苦。

光选择性前列腺气化术治疗良性前列腺增生短期疗效评价

目的:探讨采用光选择性前列腺气化术(PVP)治疗良性前列腺增生的短期疗效。方法:选取收治的140例前列腺增生患者为观察对象,根据治疗方案差异性将其分为A组与B组,每组各为70例。B组采用经尿道前列腺电切术进行干预治疗,A组采用光选择性前列腺气化术进行治疗,治疗结束后,分析对比2组治疗疗效。结果:通过采用不同治疗方案,A组治疗疗效优于B组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用光选择性前列腺气化术治疗良性前列腺增生,可有效提升治疗疗效,减轻损伤,短期疗效较好,具备临床意义与价值。

选择性绿激光前列腺部分汽化切除治疗高危前列腺增生

目的:探讨经尿道选择绿激光前列腺部分汽化切除对高危前列腺增生(BPH)患者的治疗效果及安全性。方法:对60例高危BPH患者采用经尿道选择性绿激光前列腺部分汽化切除术,对手术时间、术中出血、术后膀胱冲洗时间、手术并发症、术后I-PSS、最大尿流率(Qmax)等进行分析。结果:手术时间平均30min,术中出血量平均30ml,平均术后膀胱冲洗时间3d,I-PSS从术前28降至术后12,Qmax术前6ml/s增到15ml/s,无1例出现手术相关并发症。结论:选择性绿激光前列腺部分汽化切除治疗高危BPH有效,具有手术时间短,创伤小等优点,增加了高危患者对手术的耐受性。

选择性绿激光汽化术治疗良性前列腺增生症

目的探讨选择性绿激光汽化术（PVP）治疗良性前列腺增生（BPH）的方法并评价其疗效。方法采用连续硬膜外麻醉，应用PVP治疗180例BPH患者。使用Laserscope公司生产的绿激光系统，平均功率80w，治疗时间20～140min[（42．5±19．4）min）]，能量值10．2～54．2万焦耳[（12．4±5．6）万焦耳]，术后留置尿管1～5d。结果术后52例出现一过性的终末血尿，12例暂时性尿失禁，18例短暂性排尿困难，3例迟发性出血。随访3～6个月，术后最大尿流率（Qmax）、IPSS评分、膀胱残余尿量（BRU）均较术前明显改善（P〈0．05）。结论PVP治疗BPH操作简单，安全可靠，并发症少，恢复快，是治疗BPH的理想方法。

高功率绿激光前列腺气化切除术治疗前列腺癌所致下尿路梗阻

目的：探讨140W高功率绿激光前列腺气化切除术治疗前列腺癌（PCa）所致下尿路梗阻的安全有效性。方法选取2009年8月至2012年2月于我院行高功率绿激光前列腺气化切除术的晚期或高龄、高危PCa所致下尿路梗阻患者65例，对手术时间、术中出血量、术后留置导尿时间、并发症、最大尿流率、国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）和前列腺体积变化等指标进行评价。结果65例手术均顺利完成，手术时间50～110（68.9±23.9）min；术中出血量50～140（74.9±22.4）ml；住院时间5～7d，无永久性尿失禁，术后1个月最大尿流率由（4.98±2.15）ml/s提高到（15.31±3.36）ml/s，前列腺体积由（72.3±13.9）g减至（35.4±6.8）g，IPSS评分由术前平均（22.15±3.41）减少到（6.02±2.01），手术前后差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论高功率绿激光手术，因其具有出血少、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点，是PCa所致下尿路梗阻治疗手术方式的一个较好选择。

光选择性前列腺气化术治疗良性前列腺增生短期疗效评价

通过对24例良性前列腺增生患者(平均年龄71.00±9.74岁)使用100 W绿激光手术系统行光选择性前列腺气化术(PVP)手术,探讨了PVP治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的有效性及安全性。对前列腺体积、手术用时、术中出血、术后留置导尿时间及住院天数进行观察,并对手术前后残余尿(PVR)、最大尿流率(Qmax)及国际前列腺症状(I-PSS)评分进行比较。结果表明,PVP治疗良性前列腺增生安全、有效,具有术中出血少、留置导尿时间短、住院时间短等特点,并可适用于高龄、高危、抗凝治疗的患者,其长期疗效需长时间随访。

选择性半导体激光前列腺气化术治疗前列腺增生的近远期疗效

目的比较前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH)患者行选择性半导体激光前列腺气化术(transurethral semiconductor laser vaporization of the prostate, TUDLVP)、经尿道前列腺电切术(transurethral resection of the prostate, TURP)治疗的近远期疗效和安全性。方法 150例BPH患者,根据手术方式分为激光组72例和电切组78例,分别行TUDLVP和TURP。记录2组手术时间、术中失血量、膀胱冲洗时间、留置导尿时间及住院时间;分别于术前及术后1、5年测定残余尿量(residual urine volume, RUV)、最大尿流率(maximum urinary flow rate, Qmax),并行国际前列腺症状评分(International Prostate Symptom Score, IPSS)及生活质量综合评定问卷量表(General Quality of Life Inventory, GQOLI)-74评分;记录术后1、5年并发症发生情况。结果激光组术中失血量[(32.35±7.00)mL]较电切组[(86.51±20.76)mL]少,膀胱冲洗时间[(1.41±0.32)h]、留置导尿时间[(1.75±0.35)d]及住院时间[(2.16±0.52)d]较电切组[(47.93±9.12)h、(3.59±0.81)d、(5.92±1.19)d]短(P<0.05),手术时间[(65.73±16.24)min]与电切组[(71.00±18.63)min]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。激光组术后1年继发性出血、短暂性尿失禁、膀胱痉挛、电切综合征发生率(0、4.17%、2.78%、1.39%)低于电切组(6.41%、14.10%、11.54%、8.97%)(P<0.05),术后5年膀胱痉挛、电切综合征发生率(1.39%、0)低于电切组(8.97%、6.41%)(P<0.05)。激光组术前RUV[(113.86±25.00)mL]、Qmax[(7.02±1.37)mL/s]、IPSS评分[(22.56±4.36)分]及GQOLI-74评分[(44.79±10.92)分]与电切组[(114.10±26.98)mL、(7.06±1.94)mL/s、(22.28±4.15)分、(45.41±10.89)分]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1年,激光组、电切组RUV[(25.30±3.25)、(27.29±3.63)mL]较术前减少,IPSS评分[(5.41±1.05)、(7.75±1.49)分]较术前降低,Qmax[(18.61±2.27)、(16.83±2.15)mL/s]、GQOLI-74评分[(75.00±12.07)、(69.63±11.84)分]较术前增高(P<0.05);术后5年,激光组、电切组RUV[(26.00±3.88)、(27.20±4.29)mL]较术前减少,IPSS评分[(10.67±2.36)、(10.26±2.43)分]较术前降低,Qmax[(16.09±2.20)、(15.73±2.75)mL/s]、GQOLI-74评分[(74.84±18.43)、(67.88±12.36)分]较术前增高(P<0.05)。激光组术后1年RUV、IPSS评分低于电切组,Qmax、GQOLI-74评分高于电切组(P<0.05);术后5年GQOLI-74评分明显高于电切组(P<0.05),RUV、Qmax、IPSS评分与电切组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 BPH患者行TUDLVP治疗的近期效果优于TURP,远期疗效与TURP相近。

CO_2激光诱发锆英石耐火材料结构转变的研究

通过对锆英石(ZrSiO_4)耐火材料进行激光表面重熔处理,耐火材料表面的致密度得到提高,组织发生了转变。采用SEM、EDX、XRD研究了激光诱发耐火材料的微观组织和相结构的转变。结果表明:在激光扫描速率为4～16mm/s范围内,均能有效熔化高熔点锆英石:随着扫描速率的增加,熔凝层厚度呈线性下降;扫描速度为4mm/s时,裂纹和孔隙得到消除,但增加到8mm/s、12mm/s、16mm/s时,熔凝区出现了孔隙且在重叠区产生了裂纹。激光熔凝区组织以枝晶结构和枝晶间偏析为主,激光熔凝处理导致相ZrSiO_4分解为ZrO_2和SiO_2,加热过程中SiO_2在一定程度上选择性气化,快速凝固过程中形成m-ZrO_2相取代了平衡条件下的ZrSiO_4相。

Promotional roles of ZrO_2 and WO_3 in V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2-ZrO_2 catalysts for NO_x reduction by NH_3:Catalytic performance,morphology,and reaction mechanism

V2O5/TiO2-ZrO2 catalysts containing various amounts of WO3 were synthesized.The catalyst morphologies,catalytic performances,and reaction mechanisms in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 were investigated using in situ diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy,temperature-programmed reduction（TPR）,X-ray diffraction,and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET） method.The BET surface area of the triple oxides increased with increasing ZrO2 doping but gradually decreased with increasing WO3 loading.Addition of sufficient WO3 helped to stabilize the pore structure and the combination of WO3 and ZrO2 improved dispersion of all the metal oxides.The mechanisms of reactions using V2O5-9%WO3/TiO2-ZrO2 and V2O5-9%WO3/TiO2were compared by using either a single or mixed gas feed and various pretreatments.The results suggest that both reactions followed the Eley-Ridel mechanism;however,the dominant acid sites,which depended on the addition of WO3 or ZrO2,determined the pathways for NOx reduction,and involved[NH4^＋-NO-Bronsted acid site]^＊ and[NH2-NO-Lewis acid site]^＊ intermediates,respectively.NH3-TPR and H2-TPR showed that the metal oxides in the catalysts were not reduced by NH3 and O2did not reoxidize the catalyst surfaces but participated in the formation of H2O and NO2.

绿激光汽化术治疗良性前列腺增生症临床疗效观察

目的探讨选择性绿激光汽化术(PVP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的方法并评价其疗效。方法采用连续硬膜外麻醉,应用PVP治疗25例BPH患者。平均功率80 W,治疗时间20～140(42.5±19.4)min,能量值10.2～54.2万焦耳,术后留置尿管2～7 d。结果术后5例出现一过性终末血尿,12例暂时性尿失禁,6例短暂性排尿困难,2例迟发性出血。随访3～6个月,术后最大尿流率(Qmax)、IPSS评分、膀胱残余尿量(BRU)均较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。结论 PVP治疗安全、有效,具有操作简单、手术时间短、出血少、恢复快等特点。

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of Cu-SAPO-34/cordierite and its catalytic performance on NO_x removal from diesel vehicles

Cu-SAPO-34/cordierite catalysts were prepared via one-step hydrothermal synthesis method and their performances to remove NO x from the diesel vehicle exhaust were evaluated. The morphology, structure, Cu content and valence state were characterized by SEM, XRD, ICP and XPS, respectively. The experimental results show the active component Cu of the catalysts via in situ synthesis could significantly improve the selective catalytic reduction （SCR） activities of NOx and the optimal Cu content is in the range of 0.30%-0.40%（mass fraction）. No N 2 O is detected by gas chromatograph （GC） during the evaluation process, which implies that NOx is almost entirely converted to N2 over Cu-SAPO-34/cordierite catalyst. The conversion rate of NOx to N2 by NH3 over catalyst could almost be up to 100%in the temperature range of 300-670 ℃with a space velocity of 12000 h-1 and it is still more than 60% at 300-620 ℃ under 36000 h-1. The catalysts also show the good hydrothermal and chemical stability at the atmosphere with H 2 O.

Doping effect of cations(Zr^(4+),Al^(3+),and Si^(4+)) on MnO_x/CeO_2 nano-rod catalyst for NH_3-SCR reaction at low temperature

Thermally stable Zr4+, Al3+, and Si4+ cations were incorporated into the lattice of CeO2 nano‐rods (i.e., CeO2‐NR) in order to improve the specific surface area. The undoped and Zr4+, Al3+, and Si4+ doped nano‐rods were used as supports to prepare MnOx/CeO2‐NR, MnOx/CZ‐NR, MnOx/CA‐NR, and MnOx/CS‐NR catalysts, respectively. The prepared supports and catalysts were comprehensively characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution TEM, X‐ray diffraction, Raman and N2‐physisorption analyses, hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction, ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform spectroscopic analysis of the NH3 adsorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Moreover, the catalytic performance and H2O+SO2 tolerance of these samples were evaluated through NH3‐selective catalytic reduction (NH3‐SCR) in the absence or presence of H2O and SO2. The obtained results show that the MnOx/CS‐NR catalyst exhibits the highest NOx conversion and the lowest N2O concentration, which result from the largest number of oxygen vacancies and acid sites, the highest Mn4+ content, and the lowest redox ability. The MnOx/CS‐NR catalyst also presents excellent resistance to H2O and SO2. All of these phenomena suggest that Si4+ is the optimal dopant for the MnOx/CeO2‐NR catalyst.

Selective catalytic reduction of NO_x by H_2 over Pd/TiO_2 catalyst

Pd/TiO2 catalysts prepared by three different methods(impregnation,deposition-precipitation,and polyethylene glycol reduction)were investigated in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by H2(H2-SCR).It was found that the preparation method exerted a significant effect on the activity of the Pd/TiO2 catalyst,and that the catalyst prepared by the polyethylene glycol reduction method exhibited the highest activity in the reduction of NOx.Characterization of the catalyst showed that,in the Pd/TiO2 catalyst prepared by the polyethylene glycol reduction method,the existing Pd species was Pd0,which is the desirable species for the H2-SCR of NOx.In situ DRIFTS studies demonstrated that over this catalyst,more chelating nitrite and monodentate nitrite species formed,both of which are reactive intermediates in the H2-SCR of NOx.All of these factors account for the high activity of Pd/TiO2 prepared by the polyethylene glycol reduction method.

Growth of Cu/SSZ-13 on SiC for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH_3

Silicon carbide(SiC)was used as a support for SSZ‐13zeolite in an attempt to improve the high‐temperature stability and activity of Cu/SSZ‐13in the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO with NH3.SSZ‐13was grown via a hydrothermal method using the silicon and silica contained in SiC as the source of silicon,which led to the formation of a chemically bonded SSZ‐13layer on SiC.Characterization using X‐ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and N2adsorption‐desorption isotherms revealed that the alkali content strongly affected the purity of zeolite and the crystallization time affected the coverage and crystallinity of the zeolite layer.Upon ion exchange,the resulting Cu/SSZ‐13@SiC catalyst exhibited enhanced activity in NH3‐SCR in the high‐temperature region compared with the unsupported Cu/SSZ‐13.Thus,the application temperature was extended with the use of SiC as the support.?2018,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Performance enhancement mechanism of Mn-based catalysts prepared under N_2 for NO_x removal:Evidence of the poor crystallization and oxidation of MnO_x

Among multitudinous metal‐oxide catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3(NH3‐SCR),Mn‐based catalysts have become very popular and developed rapidly in recent years because of its superior low‐temperature denitrification activity,mainly originating from multi‐valence of Mn.Most studies suggest that the catalytic activity of multi‐component oxides is superior to that of single‐component catalysts owing to the synergistic effect among the metallic elements in such materials,of which more attentions have been given to Ce as an additive owing to its powerful oxygen storage capacity,redox ability and its ready availability.As the core of SCR technology,the research points in catalyst development at the present stage of all researchers in countries mainly centralize on the optimization of active components,carriers,calcination temperature,calcination time and temperature‐raising procedure,giving little thought to the effects of the calcination atmosphere.In the present work,Ce‐modified Mn‐based catalysts were prepared by a simple impregnation method.The effects of the calcination atmosphere(N2,air or O2)on the performance of the resulting materials during NH3‐SCR and its causes of the differences were subsequently investigated and characterized using various analytical methods.Data obtained from X‐ray diffraction,thermogravimetry and temperature‐programmed reduction with hydrogen show that calcination under N2reduces both the degree of oxidation and crystallization of the MnOx.Scanning electron microscopy also demonstrates that the use of N2inhibits the growth of grains and increases the dispersion of the catalysts.In addition,the results of temperature‐programmed desorption with ammonia indicate that catalysts calcined under N2exhibit a greater quantity of acid sites.Finally,X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry and activity results demonstrate that MnOx in the lower valence states is more favorable for NH3‐SCR reactions.In conclusion,catalysts calcined under N2show superior performance during NH3‐SCR for NOx removal,allowing NO conversions up to94%at473K.

Ceria in halogen chemistry

Halogen chemistry constitutes an essential part in the industrial production of polymers and gains increasing attention as an attractive strategy to activate light alkanes that constitute natural gas. CeO2-based catalysts offer an exciting potential for advances in hydrogen halide recovery that enables a high efficiency of halogen-based processes for activation of small molecules. This review provides an overview of recently developed ceria-based catalysts in the context of polymer industry(polyvinyl chloride, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates) and activation of light hydrocarbons for natural gas upgrading. In addition, mechanistic insight and the challenges of ceria catalysts are provided, aiding the design of future catalytic materials and applications.

Cu-SAPO-17:A novel catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx

The high-temperature(HT) and low-temperature(LT) hydrothermal stabilities of molecular-sieve-based catalysts are important for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia(NH3-SCR). In this paper, we report a catalyst, Cu2+ loading SAPO-17, synthesized using cyclohexylamine(CHA), which is commercially available and inexpensive and is utilized in NH3-SCR reduction for the first time. After systematic investigations on the optimization of Si and Cu2+ contents, it was concluded that Cu-SAPO-17-8.0%-0.22 displays favorable catalytic performance, even after being heated at 353 K for 24 h and at 973 K for 16 h. Moreover, the locations of CHAs, host–guest interaction and the Bronsted acid sites were explored by Rietveld refinement against powder X-ray diffraction data of as-made SAPO-17-8.0%. The refinement results showed that two CHAs exist within one eri cage and that the protonated CHA forms a hydrogen bond with O4, which indicates that the proton bonding with O4 will form the Bronsted acid site after the calcination.

Development of New Generation Catalysts for Selective Hydrodesulfurization of FCC Naphtha

The influence of active metal components of catalyst, additives and catalyst preparation method on the reactivity of catalyst for selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of FCC naphtha was investigated, and the RSDS-21 catalyst with high HDS performance and the RSDS-22 catalyst with high selectivity were developed by RIPP. The composite loading of a new series of catalysts for selective HDS of FCC gasoline has demonstrated excellent desulfurization activity and selectivity and can under conventional hydrotreating conditions manufacture clean gasoline product meeting the national IV emission standard and the Euro V emission standard with less loss in antiknock index. The finalized new series of FCC catalysts upon being adopted for selective HDS of FCC naphtha have good adaptability to different feedstocks along with good stability.