直面政治主体的历史选择时限

考察一些老党、大党在 2 0世纪最后几十年被历史所淘汰的根源 ,可以看出 :政治主体的历史选择时限由执政根基中起重要作用的经济因素所决定 ,除此之外 ,政党的内聚力和社会动员功能也不容忽视。

七叶皂苷钠辅助亚低温治疗对急性重度颅脑损伤患者血流动力学的影响及时机选择

目的探讨七叶皂苷钠辅助亚低温治疗急性重度颅脑损伤患者的血流动力学改变及时机选择。方法选取2014年7月至2015年7月浙江中医药大学附属第一医院接诊的90例急性重度颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象，将入选患者按随机数表法分为伤后2、6、12h治疗组，每组30例。各治疗组患者均给予七叶皂苷钠和亚低温治疗，观察各治疗组患者脑脊液中谷氨酸、甘氨酸、牛黄酸含量和血流动力学变化、预后及不良反应发生情况。结果随着时间延长，3组入院1d、7d谷氨酸、甘氨酸、牛黄酸含量均较入院时明显降低，且均于入院7d达到最低值[谷氨酸（nmol／L）：伤后2h治疗组为130．31±35．63比550．12±101．28，伤后6h治疗组为301．06±97．46比723．16±152．71，伤后12h治疗组为615．73±180．59比916．20±268．39；甘氨酸（nmol／L）：伤后2h治疗组为512．03±120．10比1152．10±320．12，伤后6h治疗组为732．16±180．19比1367．16±330．26，伤后12h治疗组为872．10±291．03比1462．30±403．02；牛黄酸（nmol／L）：伤后2h治疗组为423．15±105．10比1320．35±213．02，伤后6h组为820．51±210．42比1410．25±312．05，伤后12h治疗组为942．03±238．51比1645．20±450．18]。伤后2h治疗组手术开始后30rain、手术结束后30rain心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）均较术前30rain降低；伤后6h治疗组、12h治疗组手术开始后30min、手术结束后30rainHR均较术前升高；MAP均较术前降低；伤后6h、12h治疗组术前30rainHR均明显低于伤后2h治疗组，手术开始后30min、手术后30minHR均明显高于伤后2h治疗组；伤后2h治疗组MAP均优于伤后6h治疗组、12h治疗组，差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。伤后2h治疗组无致残和死亡患者出现；伤后6h治疗组发生1例致残；伤后12h治疗组2例致残，1例死亡；随着时间延长，死残率明显升高，伤后12h治疗组明显高于伤后2h治疗组和伤后6h治疗组[10．0％（2／30）比0、3.3％（1／30）]，差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。3组不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉O．05）。结论七叶皂苷钠辅助亚低温治疗急性重度颅脑损伤患者能够保持有效稳定的血流动力学，且治疗时间越早越好。

中国的通货膨胀目标设定探讨

中国总体CPI目前已经成为中央银行货币政策的重要决策变量,主张把总体CPI作为通货膨胀目标指标。在目标数值的设定上,我们发现中国的通货膨胀目标宜设定为[1%,4%]的区间形式,政策操作盯住中间值2.5%。对于目标时限的设定,文章提出应适当加长中国通货膨胀目标的时限,选择多年期即2~3年。因此中国的通货膨胀目标的指标适宜选用CPI,数值宜设定为[1%,4%]的区间形式,政策操作盯住中间值2.5%,操作时限为多年期。

Modeling commuters' route choice behavior under pre-trip information system

Research about the auto commuter＇s pre-trip route choice behavior ignores the combined influence of the real-time information and all respondents＇ historical information in the existing documents.To overcome this shortcoming,an approach to describing the pre-trip route choice behavior with the incorporation of the real-time and historical information is proposed.Two types of real-time information are investigated,which are quantitative information and prescriptive information.By using the bounded rationality theory,the influence of historical information on the real-time information reference process is examined first.Estimation results show that the historical information has a significant influence on the quantitative information reference process,but not on the prescriptive information reference process.Then the route choice behavior is modeled.A comparison is also made among three route choice models,one of which does not incorporate the real-time information reference process,while the others do.Estimation results show that the route choice behavior is better described with the consideration of the reference process of both quantitative and prescriptive information.

The ecology of sexual dimorphism in size and shape of the freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis

Sexual selection is considered the major cause of sexual dimorphism, but recent observations suggest that natural selection may play a more important role in the evolution of sex differentiation than previously recognized. Therefore, studying the trade-offs between natural selection and sexual selection is crucial to a better understanding of the ecology underlying the evolution of sexual dimorphism. The freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis, a fish inhabiting lakes and rivers around the Mediterranean Sea, displays strong sexual dimorphism in size, shape, and behavior （i.e., larger body and head size for males and higher swimming requirements for females during the reproductive period）. We tested for differences in sexual dimorphism in size and shape between the populations from lake and river habitats with the goal of identifying the trade-offs between natural and sexual se- lection that underlie variations in sexual dimorphism in this species. Our results show i） differences in sexual size dimorphism （SSizeD） in accordance to Rensch＇s rule （i.e., larger individuals in rivers associated with higher SSizeD）, and ii） a decrease in shape differentiation between males and fe- males in lake populations. Together, this suggests that the different environmental conditions between lake and river habitats （e.g., resource limitations, predation pressure, water velocity） affect the relative importance of sexual selection in the display of sexual dimorphism within the species. This study highlights the importance of considering the environmental conditions to which populations are exposed to better understand the ecology underlying the evolution of sexual dimorphism.