0引言高阶Ambisonics声重放系统(High Order Ambisonics,HOA)采用空间球谐函数展开,逐级逼近理想声场的方法,记录原声场空间信息并重放一个与原声场相同或尽可能相似的三维声场[1]。重放声场的精度可以通过选择球谐展开级数来调节,重放...0引言高阶Ambisonics声重放系统(High Order Ambisonics,HOA)采用空间球谐函数展开,逐级逼近理想声场的方法,记录原声场空间信息并重放一个与原声场相同或尽可能相似的三维声场[1]。重放声场的精度可以通过选择球谐展开级数来调节,重放时,可有多种不同的扬声器布置方案。因此,HOA声重放系统的效果不仅与球谐函数的阶数有关。展开更多
AIM： To study the expression levels of E-selectin, integrin β1 and immunoglobulin supperfamily memberintercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in human gastric carcinoma cells, and to explore the relationship bet...AIM： To study the expression levels of E-selectin, integrin β1 and immunoglobulin supperfamily memberintercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in human gastric carcinoma cells, and to explore the relationship between these three kinds of cell adhesion molecules and gastric carcinoma. METHODS： The serum contents of E-selectin, integrin β1 and ICAM-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, in 47 healthy individuals （control group） and in 57 patients with gastric carcinoma （gastric carcinoma group） respectively prior to operation and 7 d after operation. RESULTS： The serum E-selectin, ECAM-1 and integrin β1 were found to be expressed in both control and gastric carcinoma groups. However, they were highly expressed in patients with gastric carcinoma patients before operation or with unresectable tumours. The expression levels of ICAM-1 and integrin β1 were significantly higher in gastric carcinoma patients than in controls （P 〈 0.01）. A comparison of the E-selectin levels between the two groups showed statistically insignificant differnce （P = 0.64）. In addition, the expression levels were all decreased substantially in the postoperative patients subjected to radical resection of the tumours, indicating that the high level expressions of these compounds might be the important factor for predicting the prognosis of these patients. CONCLUSION： Serum E-selectin, ICAM-1 and integrin β1 expression levels are probably related to the metastasis and relapse of gastric cancer.展开更多
Selecting right equipment has been playing an important role in the success of construction projects. This paper presents a computer model, ESCMODEL, for equipment selection in Earth-fill dam projects. The proposed mo...Selecting right equipment has been playing an important role in the success of construction projects. This paper presents a computer model, ESCMODEL, for equipment selection in Earth-fill dam projects. The proposed model is capable of assisting the users in making decisions to determine the size, number, type and schedule of presence of dozers, loaders, graders, excavators, trucks, sheepsfoot rollers and smooth wheel rollers. ESCMODEL can contribute to resolve this selection process through the application of an optimization technique, based on nonlinear programming. Three actual case studies of earth-fill dam projects are presented in order to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the model.展开更多
The gene ble from Streptoalloteichus hindustanus is widely used as a selective antibiotic marker. It can control the phleomycin resistance, and significantly increase the tolerance of hosts to zeocin. The unicellular ...The gene ble from Streptoalloteichus hindustanus is widely used as a selective antibiotic marker. It can control the phleomycin resistance, and significantly increase the tolerance of hosts to zeocin. The unicellular marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata is extremely sensitive to zeocin. We selected ble as the selective marker for the genetic transformation of N. oculata. After the algal cells at a density of 2× 10^7 cells mL-1 was digested with 4% hemicellulase and 2% driselase for 1 h, the protoplasts accounted for 90% of the total. The ble was placed at the downstream of promoter HSP70A-RUBS2 isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, yielding a recombinant expression construct pMS 188. The construct was transferred into the protoplasts through electroporation （1 kV, 15 μS）. The transformed protoplasts were cultured in fresh f/2 liquid medium, and selected on solid f/2 medium supplemented with 500 ng mL-t zeoein. The PCR result proved that ble existed in the transformants. Three transformants had been cultured for at least 5 generations without losing ble. Southern blotting analysis showed that the ble has been integrated into the genome of N. oculata. The ble will serve as a new dominant selective marker in genetic engineering N. oculata.展开更多
An AI^3＋ sensor based on the membrane of acetyl cellulose containing nano γ-Al2O3 crystals was studied. In the buffer solution of 0.5 mol/L CH3COOH-CH3COONa （pH=5.0）, the sensor responds to AI^3＋ in a linear rang...An AI^3＋ sensor based on the membrane of acetyl cellulose containing nano γ-Al2O3 crystals was studied. In the buffer solution of 0.5 mol/L CH3COOH-CH3COONa （pH=5.0）, the sensor responds to AI^3＋ in a linear range from 1.00×10^-5 to 1.00x10-^2 mol/L. A near-Nernstian response was obtained and the regression equation was E （mv） = -161.4-26.54 Ig [AI^3＋] with a detection limit of 7.90x10^-6 mol/L. More than 14 different ions as the considered interferences were tested and the relevant selectivity coefficients were determined using the separate solution method （SSM）. The sensor possesses many advantages including short conditioning time, fast response, and, especially, very good selectivity over a wide variety of other co-existing ions. The sample analysis on the aluminium migration amount from aluminium utensils to the solution was determined by this sensor. The analytical results were agreed with that of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy（ICP-RES）.展开更多
Among 39 species of microbial strains,Rhodococcus sp.AS 4.1147 possessed the ability to selectively acetylate puerarin（1） at C-6 position of the glucosyl moiety.The structure of the acetylated product,6’’-O-acetyl...Among 39 species of microbial strains,Rhodococcus sp.AS 4.1147 possessed the ability to selectively acetylate puerarin（1） at C-6 position of the glucosyl moiety.The structure of the acetylated product,6’’-O-acetylpuerarin（2） was determined by the analysis of MS,NMR spectroscopic data.The isolated yield of 2 was 22.2%.展开更多
Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite b...Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. Results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.展开更多
The paper regards young adult literature (YAL) as a dissolved-point between localization and globalization of English teaching, and discusses (1) whether the western YAL teaching theories, methods and teaching materia...The paper regards young adult literature (YAL) as a dissolved-point between localization and globalization of English teaching, and discusses (1) whether the western YAL teaching theories, methods and teaching materials accord with Chinese actual situation well or not, (2) if YAL reading is an effective way for creating life-long readers, and (3) why and how to teach YAL. Based on YAL learning and teaching practice, the author uses Soter's YAL theories and alternative approaches, try to clarify three relationships: YA-YAL; adult literature-YAL-children's literature; classics-YAL balance. And put forward three ways for books selection and three reading patterns to YAL teaching.展开更多
Richardson et al. （Sci Bull, 2015. doi：10.1007/ sl1434-015-0806-z） suggest that the irreducibly simple climate model described in Monckton of Brenchley et al. （Sci Bull 60：122-135, 2015. doi：10.1007/s11434-014- ...Richardson et al. （Sci Bull, 2015. doi：10.1007/ sl1434-015-0806-z） suggest that the irreducibly simple climate model described in Monckton of Brenchley et al. （Sci Bull 60：122-135, 2015. doi：10.1007/s11434-014- 0699-2） was not validated against observations, relying instead on synthetic test data based on underestimated global warming, illogical parameter choice and near-in- stantaneous response at odds with ocean warming and other observations. However, the simple model, informed by its authors＇ choice of parameters, usually hindcasts observed temperature change more closely than the general-circu- lation models, and finds high climate sensitivity implausi- ble. With IPCC＇s choice of parameters, the model is further validated in that it duly replicates IPCC＇s sensitivity interval. Also, fast climate system response is consistent with near-zero or net-negative temperature feedback. Given the large uncertainties in the initial conditions and evolutionary processes determinative of climate sensitivity, subject to obvious caveats a simple sensitivity-focused model need not, and the present model does not, exhibit significantly less predictive skill than the general-circula- tion models.展开更多
文摘0引言高阶Ambisonics声重放系统(High Order Ambisonics,HOA)采用空间球谐函数展开,逐级逼近理想声场的方法,记录原声场空间信息并重放一个与原声场相同或尽可能相似的三维声场[1]。重放声场的精度可以通过选择球谐展开级数来调节,重放时,可有多种不同的扬声器布置方案。因此,HOA声重放系统的效果不仅与球谐函数的阶数有关。
基金the Science and Technology Key Project of Zhejiang Province, No. 2002c33015
文摘AIM： To study the expression levels of E-selectin, integrin β1 and immunoglobulin supperfamily memberintercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in human gastric carcinoma cells, and to explore the relationship between these three kinds of cell adhesion molecules and gastric carcinoma. METHODS： The serum contents of E-selectin, integrin β1 and ICAM-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, in 47 healthy individuals （control group） and in 57 patients with gastric carcinoma （gastric carcinoma group） respectively prior to operation and 7 d after operation. RESULTS： The serum E-selectin, ECAM-1 and integrin β1 were found to be expressed in both control and gastric carcinoma groups. However, they were highly expressed in patients with gastric carcinoma patients before operation or with unresectable tumours. The expression levels of ICAM-1 and integrin β1 were significantly higher in gastric carcinoma patients than in controls （P 〈 0.01）. A comparison of the E-selectin levels between the two groups showed statistically insignificant differnce （P = 0.64）. In addition, the expression levels were all decreased substantially in the postoperative patients subjected to radical resection of the tumours, indicating that the high level expressions of these compounds might be the important factor for predicting the prognosis of these patients. CONCLUSION： Serum E-selectin, ICAM-1 and integrin β1 expression levels are probably related to the metastasis and relapse of gastric cancer.
文摘Selecting right equipment has been playing an important role in the success of construction projects. This paper presents a computer model, ESCMODEL, for equipment selection in Earth-fill dam projects. The proposed model is capable of assisting the users in making decisions to determine the size, number, type and schedule of presence of dozers, loaders, graders, excavators, trucks, sheepsfoot rollers and smooth wheel rollers. ESCMODEL can contribute to resolve this selection process through the application of an optimization technique, based on nonlinear programming. Three actual case studies of earth-fill dam projects are presented in order to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the model.
基金supported by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (2013ZRB14055)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31372518)
文摘The gene ble from Streptoalloteichus hindustanus is widely used as a selective antibiotic marker. It can control the phleomycin resistance, and significantly increase the tolerance of hosts to zeocin. The unicellular marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata is extremely sensitive to zeocin. We selected ble as the selective marker for the genetic transformation of N. oculata. After the algal cells at a density of 2× 10^7 cells mL-1 was digested with 4% hemicellulase and 2% driselase for 1 h, the protoplasts accounted for 90% of the total. The ble was placed at the downstream of promoter HSP70A-RUBS2 isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, yielding a recombinant expression construct pMS 188. The construct was transferred into the protoplasts through electroporation （1 kV, 15 μS）. The transformed protoplasts were cultured in fresh f/2 liquid medium, and selected on solid f/2 medium supplemented with 500 ng mL-t zeoein. The PCR result proved that ble existed in the transformants. Three transformants had been cultured for at least 5 generations without losing ble. Southern blotting analysis showed that the ble has been integrated into the genome of N. oculata. The ble will serve as a new dominant selective marker in genetic engineering N. oculata.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20577017）.
文摘An AI^3＋ sensor based on the membrane of acetyl cellulose containing nano γ-Al2O3 crystals was studied. In the buffer solution of 0.5 mol/L CH3COOH-CH3COONa （pH=5.0）, the sensor responds to AI^3＋ in a linear range from 1.00×10^-5 to 1.00x10-^2 mol/L. A near-Nernstian response was obtained and the regression equation was E （mv） = -161.4-26.54 Ig [AI^3＋] with a detection limit of 7.90x10^-6 mol/L. More than 14 different ions as the considered interferences were tested and the relevant selectivity coefficients were determined using the separate solution method （SSM）. The sensor possesses many advantages including short conditioning time, fast response, and, especially, very good selectivity over a wide variety of other co-existing ions. The sample analysis on the aluminium migration amount from aluminium utensils to the solution was determined by this sensor. The analytical results were agreed with that of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy（ICP-RES）.
基金The Science & Technology Project of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2011A080403020)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-06-0155)
文摘Among 39 species of microbial strains,Rhodococcus sp.AS 4.1147 possessed the ability to selectively acetylate puerarin（1） at C-6 position of the glucosyl moiety.The structure of the acetylated product,6’’-O-acetylpuerarin（2） was determined by the analysis of MS,NMR spectroscopic data.The isolated yield of 2 was 22.2%.
文摘Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. Results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.
文摘The paper regards young adult literature (YAL) as a dissolved-point between localization and globalization of English teaching, and discusses (1) whether the western YAL teaching theories, methods and teaching materials accord with Chinese actual situation well or not, (2) if YAL reading is an effective way for creating life-long readers, and (3) why and how to teach YAL. Based on YAL learning and teaching practice, the author uses Soter's YAL theories and alternative approaches, try to clarify three relationships: YA-YAL; adult literature-YAL-children's literature; classics-YAL balance. And put forward three ways for books selection and three reading patterns to YAL teaching.
文摘Richardson et al. （Sci Bull, 2015. doi：10.1007/ sl1434-015-0806-z） suggest that the irreducibly simple climate model described in Monckton of Brenchley et al. （Sci Bull 60：122-135, 2015. doi：10.1007/s11434-014- 0699-2） was not validated against observations, relying instead on synthetic test data based on underestimated global warming, illogical parameter choice and near-in- stantaneous response at odds with ocean warming and other observations. However, the simple model, informed by its authors＇ choice of parameters, usually hindcasts observed temperature change more closely than the general-circu- lation models, and finds high climate sensitivity implausi- ble. With IPCC＇s choice of parameters, the model is further validated in that it duly replicates IPCC＇s sensitivity interval. Also, fast climate system response is consistent with near-zero or net-negative temperature feedback. Given the large uncertainties in the initial conditions and evolutionary processes determinative of climate sensitivity, subject to obvious caveats a simple sensitivity-focused model need not, and the present model does not, exhibit significantly less predictive skill than the general-circula- tion models.
