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大蒜抗百草枯愈伤组织变异系的选择 被引量:1
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作者 张恩让 程智慧 杨伟林 《中国农学通报》 CSCD 北大核心 2011年第2期104-108,共5页
选取‘改良蒜’、‘金堂早蒜’、‘苍山蒜’和‘欧引01’等4个不同生态型的大蒜品种,在含百草枯浓度分别为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.5%的培养基上采用直接接种和逐级培养法,选择抗百草枯愈伤组织细胞系。结果表明:4个品种在低浓... 选取‘改良蒜’、‘金堂早蒜’、‘苍山蒜’和‘欧引01’等4个不同生态型的大蒜品种,在含百草枯浓度分别为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.5%的培养基上采用直接接种和逐级培养法,选择抗百草枯愈伤组织细胞系。结果表明:4个品种在低浓度(﹤0.4%)胁迫下都有一定的抗性,经逐级抗百草枯选择后的愈伤组织,其抗性能力有明显提高。在含有百草枯浓度0.6%培养基上,4个品种愈伤组织的成活率为7.8%~20.6%,且发育良好;在浓度0.8%和1.0%的百草枯培养基上也有部分愈伤组织成活。抗性稳定性检验表明,大蒜抗百草枯能力在一定时间内能够保持下去。 展开更多
关键词 大蒜 愈伤组织 变异系 抗百选择
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石榴叶浸提液对6种常见牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用 被引量:5
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作者 张曼 单春燕 +5 位作者 陈志远 王柳洁 张少龙 侯贺平 李玉英 张龙冲 《河南农业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 2022年第4期579-586,610,共9页
【目的】探讨石榴(Punica granatum L.)叶浸提液对6种常见牧草的化感作用,以期为石榴林下复合种植牧草提供参考。【方法】以白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)、红三叶(Trifolium pratense L.)、狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides(L.)Spreng.... 【目的】探讨石榴(Punica granatum L.)叶浸提液对6种常见牧草的化感作用,以期为石榴林下复合种植牧草提供参考。【方法】以白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)、红三叶(Trifolium pratense L.)、狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides(L.)Spreng.)、鸭茅草(Dactylis glomerata L.)、黑麦草(Festuca ovina L.)、毛苕子(Vicia villosa Roth)6种常见牧草为受体,采用室内生物测定法研究不同质量浓度(0.05、0.025、0.005 g·mL^(-1))石榴叶片水浸提液对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。【结果】除鸭茅草、黑麦草、红三叶、白三叶的部分指标在低质量浓度的石榴叶片水提液下(0.005 g·mL^(-1))表现出化感促进作用外,大部分表现出明显的化感抑制作用,且处理质量浓度越高,抑制作用越强。【结论】石榴叶浸提液对6种常见牧草均有化感作用,且表现出质量浓度效应,不同受体植物种子萌发及其幼苗对石榴叶片水提液的化感综合响应各异,利用所设置质量浓度下的总化感效应指数综合比较这6种牧草草种所受化感抑制程度,由强到弱依次为毛苕子>白三叶>黑麦草>鸭茅草>红三叶>狼尾草。 展开更多
关键词 石榴叶 水浸提液 种子 化感作用 选择
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高尔夫球场草种选择原则及基本属性
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作者 阳承胜 张干 史秀华 《中国高尔夫管理》 2006年第3期30-33,共4页
本文简述高尔夫草坪草种选择及配比的原则,依据高尔夫运动草坪的使用功能的基本要求,探索了国内外高尔夫球场主要的草坪草种,根据我国地理位置、气候特征及草坪草生长分布规律,划分5个高尔夫草坪气候带。
关键词 高尔夫球场 选择草 坪气候带
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Generating Marker-Free Transgenic Tobacco Plants by Agrobacteriummediated Transformation with Double T-DNA Binary Vector 被引量:6
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作者 周红艳 陈松彪 +3 位作者 李旭刚 肖桂芳 魏晓丽 朱祯 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2003年第9期1103-1108,共6页
We have developed a 'double T-DNA' binary vector system for generating selectable marker-free transgenic plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The 'double T-DNA' binary vector pDLBRBbarm whi... We have developed a 'double T-DNA' binary vector system for generating selectable marker-free transgenic plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The 'double T-DNA' binary vector pDLBRBbarm which carried two independent T-DNAs, one containing a selectable marker neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene and the other a bargene, was constructed. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants were then produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with this vector. Frequency of the primary transformants co-integrated with npt II gene and bar gene was 59.2%. Segregation of two T-DNA regions was found in 3 out of 4 T-1 lines from co-transformed T-0 plants with nptII and bar PPT-resistant and kanamycin-sensitive plants were in approximate 19.5% of the T-1 plants. The result indicated that this 'double T-DNA' vector system could be a workable approach to generate transgenic plants free from selectable marker genes. Co-transformation of nptII gene and bar gene to plants with mixtures of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing single T-DNA vectors was also tested. Frequency of co-transformed plants was 20.0%-47.7% and relatively low as compared with that of 'double T-DNA' vector system. 展开更多
关键词 plant transformation MARKER-FREE double T-DNA vector TOBACCO
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Mulch Grasses Planting and Management Techniques in Orchards of Southern China Based on Different Utilization Purposes 被引量:3
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作者 LI Chang-jun PENG Hua +5 位作者 XIE Yun-he ZHU Jian LI Sheng-nan JIAN Yan WEI wei JI Xiong-hui 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2019年第4期20-29,共10页
Planting mulch grasses in orchards,as a technique to build ecological orchards,can be one of the strategic approaches for rural revitalization.This study sorted out the common varieties of mulch grasses and analyzed t... Planting mulch grasses in orchards,as a technique to build ecological orchards,can be one of the strategic approaches for rural revitalization.This study sorted out the common varieties of mulch grasses and analyzed their application statuses in orchards of southern China.According to different utilization purposes of mulch grasses in orchards,scientific suggestions were given from aspects of grass selection,cultivation techniques,management methods and use modes.The study will provide reference for the construction of ecological orchards in southern China. 展开更多
关键词 Southern orchard Mulch grasses planting Mulch grasses selection Ecological orchards construction
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Estimation of soil reinforcement by the roots of four postdam prevailing grass species in the riparian zone of Three Gorges Reservoir, China 被引量:17
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作者 ZHONG Rong-hua HE Xiu-bin +5 位作者 BAO Yu-hai TANG Qiang GAO Jin-zhang YAN Dan-dan WANG Ming-feng LI Yu 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第3期508-521,共14页
Soil erosion and bank degradation is a major post-dam concern regarding the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The development and succession of vegetation is a main countermeasure,especially to enhance bank... Soil erosion and bank degradation is a major post-dam concern regarding the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The development and succession of vegetation is a main countermeasure,especially to enhance bank stability and mitigate soil erosion by the root system. In this study, the roots of four prevailing grass species, namely, Cynodon dactylon, Hemarthria altissima, Hemarthria compressa, and Paspalum paspaloides, in the riparian zone were investigated in relation to additional soil cohesion. Roots were sampled using a single root auger. Root length density(RLD) and root area ratio(RAR) were measured by using the Win RHIZO image analysis system. Root tensile strength(TR) was performed using a manualdynamometer, and the soil reinforcement caused by the roots was estimated using the simple Wu's perpendicular model. Results showed that RLD values of the studied species ranged from 0.24 cm/cm3 to20.89 cm/cm3 at different soil layers, and RLD were significantly greater at 0–10 cm depth in comparison to the deeper soil layers(&gt;10 cm). RAR measurements revealed that on average 0.21% of the reference soil area was occupied by grass roots for all the investigated species. The measured root tensile strength was the highest for P. paspaloides(62.26MPa) followed by C. dactylon(51.49 MPa), H.compressa(50.66 MPa), and H. altissima(48.81MPa). Nevertheless, the estimated maximum root reinforcement in this investigation was 22.5 k Pa for H.altissima followed by H. compressa(21.1 k Pa), P.paspaloides(19.5 k Pa), and C. dactylon(15.4 k Pa) at0–5 cm depth soil layer. The root cohesion values estimated for all species were generally distributed at the 0–10 cm depth and decreased with the increment of soil depth. The higher root cohesion associated with H. altissima and H. compressa implies their suitability for revegetation purposes to strengthen the shallow soil in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Although the soil reinforcement induced by roots is only assessed from indirect indicators, the present results still useful for species selection in the framework of implementing and future vegetation recovery actions in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir and similar areas in the Yangtze River Basin. 展开更多
关键词 Bank stabilization Root area ratio Root tensile strength Soil reinforcement Riparian zone Three Gorges Reservoir
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Summarization and Analysis on the Synthesis Schemes of Glufosinate-Ammonium
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作者 Hongtao Song Shijin Chu 《Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering》 2014年第8期819-824,共6页
Glufosinate-ammonium is a highly efficient, non-selective herbicide. The former synthesis schemes of glufosinate-ammonium were introduced and analyzed, the main of which are Arbuzov synthesis method, method under cata... Glufosinate-ammonium is a highly efficient, non-selective herbicide. The former synthesis schemes of glufosinate-ammonium were introduced and analyzed, the main of which are Arbuzov synthesis method, method under catalyzer and high pressure, targeted method under low temperature, Gabriel synthesis method, Zelinsky-Strecher synthetic method, synthetic method with chiral-synthon, and several special methods such as with enzyme or stereochemistry. Based on the structure and synthesis characteristic of glufosinate-ammonium as well as Arbuzov reaction and Michael reaction, a novel and reasonable scheme, which was named Arbuzov-Michael method, was put forward as the more economical one with simpler raw reagents and less waste. 展开更多
关键词 Glufosinate-ammonium HERBICIDE PHOSPHINOTHRICIN Arbuzov-Michael method synthesis.
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Effect of contrasting climates on antioxidant and bioactive constituents in five medicinal herbs in Western Himalayas 被引量:1
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作者 Tarandeep KAUR Rohini BHAT Dhiraj VYAS 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第3期484-492,共9页
To understand the effect of climate change on constitutive antioxidant and biochemical metabolites in Western Himalayas, five medicinal herbs were selected and grown at two altitudes in Jammu(305 m) and Srinagar(1730 ... To understand the effect of climate change on constitutive antioxidant and biochemical metabolites in Western Himalayas, five medicinal herbs were selected and grown at two altitudes in Jammu(305 m) and Srinagar(1730 m) with subtropical and temperate climates, respectively.Significant variations were observed in phenols and flavonoids in Hypericum perforatum L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Thymus vulgaris L., Cynara cardunculus L. and Echinacea purpurea L. growing at two locations. High altitude temperate site show variable(up to 13 fold) increase in their content.Proteins(1.3- 1.8 times), sugars(2.8- 4.1 times) and free amino acid(1.04- 1.22 times) were also higher at Srinagar(1730 m). Within these plants, H.perforatum and M. chamomilla have shown higher accumulation of phenols, xanthophylls and proline even at subtropical environment in Jammu(305 m)suggesting potential for increasing their geographical area. The results demonstrate that changing environmental conditions significantly affect the bioactive constituents, which accumulate as a defence strategy by these temperate plants. Their medicinal significance during climate change scenario has also been discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Medicinal herbs Flavonoids Phenols Glutathione Western Himalayas Climate change
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Pollinator-dependent evolution of floral trait combinations in an orchid herb 被引量:1
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作者 Yun Wu Xu-Yu Duan +4 位作者 Yong Xiang Shao-Bin Weng Jin-Yu Zhong Jing Li Qing-Jun Li 《Journal of Plant Ecology》 SCIE CSCD 2020年第4期450-459,共10页
Aims As one of the most important agents driving floral evolution,pollinators shape the diversity of flowers in angiosperms.However,most previous studies have only quantified pollinators driving the evolution of a sin... Aims As one of the most important agents driving floral evolution,pollinators shape the diversity of flowers in angiosperms.However,most previous studies have only quantified pollinators driving the evolution of a single floral trait,and experimental estimates of the potential role of pollinators in shaping the evolution of floral trait associations are relatively rare.Methods We experimentally identified and estimated the pollinator-mediated directional and correlational selection on single floral traits and trait combinations across 2 years in an orchid species,Spiranthes sinensis.Important Findings Pollinators mediated directional selection for an earlier flowering start date and larger corolla size.Pollinators mediated positive correlational selection on the combinations of floral display traits and negative correlational selection on the combinations of flowering phenology and floral display traits.In addition,the strength of selection differed over time.Our results highlight the potential role of pollinators in driving the evolution of floral trait combinations and suggest that it is necessary to consider floral character functional associations when seeking to understand and predict the evolutionary trajectory of flowers in angiosperms. 展开更多
关键词 directional and correlational selection floral evolution pollinator-mediated selection Spiranthes sinensis trait combinations
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The impact of burning on lion Panthera leo habitat choice in an African savanna
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作者 Stephanie EBY Anna MOSSER +2 位作者 Ali SWANSON Craig PACKER Mark RITCHIE 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第3期335-339,共5页
Camivores play a central role in ecosystem processes by exerting top-down control, while fire exerts bottom-up con- trol in ecosystems throughout the world, yet, little is known about how fire affects short-term carni... Camivores play a central role in ecosystem processes by exerting top-down control, while fire exerts bottom-up con- trol in ecosystems throughout the world, yet, little is known about how fire affects short-term carnivore distributions across the landscape. Through the use of a long-term data set we investigated the distribution of lions, during the daytime, in relation to burned areas in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We found that lions avoid burned areas despite the fact that herbivores, their prey, are attracted to burned areas. Prey attraction, however, likely results from the reduction in cover caused by burning, that may thereby decrease lion hunting success. Lions also do not preferentially utilize the edges of burned areas over unburned areas de- spite the possibility that edges would combine the benefit of cover with proximity to abundant prey. Despite the fact that lions avoid burned areas, lion territory size and reproductive success were not affected by the proportion of the territory burned each year. Therefore, burning does not seem to reduce lion fitness perhaps because of the heterogeneity of burned areas across the landscape or because it is possible that when hunting at night lions visit burned areas despite their daytime avoidance of these ar- eas . 展开更多
关键词 FIRE LIONS SAVANNAS Habitat distribution Predator-prey interactions Protected area management
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