通东民歌现状分析与发展思考

南通市拥有千年历史,蕴含源远流长、风韵独特的音乐文化,其中,海门山歌便是南通璀璨文化的重要组成部分。虽名为“海门山歌”,但其并非全为山歌体裁,而是由号子、山歌、小调等多个部分组成,其脉系有两支:一是流传于海门东部和北部等通东话方言地区的通东民歌,二是海门南部海门话方言地区的海门民歌。通东民歌是江苏省级、南通市级非物质文化遗产,主要在南通东部传播,集中流传于海门北部。民众使用的独特方言是通东民歌的主要载体。近年来,经过通东民歌传唱者、传承人、编曲者的不断努力,“乡土气息、口授心传、与时俱进”成为通东民歌新的形容词,它不是一种固定呆板的音乐体裁,而是拥有良好发展前景、面临多项挑战的鲜活的地区音乐文化。文章从语言分布、发展工作、文献、艺术活动等方面入手,分析通东民歌的现状,并对民歌的传承与发展提出有关思考。

海门通东民间美术述略

海门通东地区的民间美术具有质朴、敦厚的特色，富有乡土情味。通东的民间绘画、雕刻、建筑装饰、刻纸、彩灯、竹编等民间美术融汇于人们日常生活、生产的各个领域，具有实用和审美的双重特点。

在实践中认识了解、传承发展通东民歌

通东民歌,是指千百年来流传在江苏省南通市的海门北部通东地区民间的传统音乐。由于通东民歌的历史久远,其在通东地区得到了广泛的流传和普及。独具的音乐特点,以及对民族音乐传承的重要价值使通东民歌被海门市人民政府确定为第一批市级非物质文化遗产保护名录,继而又被南通市政府确定为南通市级非物质文化遗产保护名录。从中国非物质文化遗产的分类目录来看,通东民歌属于传统音乐大类下的民歌子目。

浅谈通东民歌在校园文化中的传承

通东民歌广泛流传于江苏省海门市北部的通东地区,是千百年来劳动人民在生活中自然沿传下来的民间音乐,其独特的艺术风格已经成为我国传统文化的一部分。随着多元化文化的发展,传统文化受主流文化的冲击力越来越大,在小学音乐教学的过程中适当引入通东民歌,不仅有利于学生了解家乡传统文化,而且有利于传统文化的传承。本文主要分析当前小学音乐教学中对家乡民歌的传承现状以及可行性做法,为传统音乐在校园文化中的扎根与传承尽一份绵薄之力。

海门山歌中的沙地民歌与通东民歌

海门地区的南部沙地地区成陆于200多年前,北部通东地区成陆于1000多年前,南北文化在这里碰撞磨合,滋养了一代又一代的海门人民,孕育出极具海门特色的民歌——海门山歌。海门山歌既包括沙地民歌,又包括通东民歌。文章认为,沙地民歌与通东民歌在音乐本体上,尤其是旋律、节奏、调式上有着明显区别,认识和分析两者的区别,有助于人们更好地认识海门山歌、尊重和传承传统文化。

东西合作 优势互补 建立鲜食葡萄东西流通产业链示范工程

农产品“剩余经济”时代呼唤产后保鲜加工与市场的拉动。事实上,以户为单位的分散生产,特别是以商品形式参与流通的园艺产品,更难以面对社会主义大市场。“市场风险”始终困扰着宁夏的果树生产,面对种树种草发展果树的大好形势农民仍然不敢大力发展果树生产,“公司+农户”和订单农业虽然缓解了这种矛盾,但由于双方之间的买卖关系,农产品质量标准和价格与利润分配上矛盾重重。其核心问题就是以市场为拉动力的配套服务体系的建立。它需要科学技术的注入,以解决品种的优种化,区域化和生产的标准化;需要建立配套技术服务体系,架起科技与农民联接的桥梁,联起硬件服务与软件服务的链条,这样才能使农民摆脱“自然风险”、“人为风险”和“市场风险”。宁夏农业综合开发公司以服务农民为根本,由天津市农科院开发处牵线搭桥。

南通地区方言的形成过程

南通地区方言的形成与南通地区沧海桑田的历史紧密关联。可以通过南通地区成陆过程的探索,结合南通历史上的行政隶属关系和移民资料的分析来推测南通地区方言的形成过程。南通地区南通话、如皋话、通东话、启海话等四方言小片之间的方言面貌和特征可以印证方言形成的有关推断。通过大量相对可靠的史料,对有关南通历史地理以及南通地区方言形成过程的某些结论和假说进行了讨论和辨正是很有必要的。

关于“绝地天通”的一种新的去神秘化解读

"绝地天通"并非如传统解读那样富有神秘色彩,其中的"地""天"均非指自然之地、天,而分别是东夷和黄帝部落信奉的至上神"帝"和"天",代表着东夷部落和黄帝部落。"绝地天通"反映的是东夷和黄帝两大分别以"帝"和"天"为至上神信仰的部落之间斗争与交往的历史事实,其真实含义是"绝帝天通",即隔绝两大部众间的私自往来。"绝地天通"政令的发出者为代表东夷部落的舜,发生的时间当在舜殛鲧之后。东夷部落以采集、渔猎为主的生产方式落后于黄帝部落的农耕生产方式,鲧"变东夷"带来了先进的农耕生产方式,并吸引东夷部众自发流向黄帝部落。先进农耕生产方式的巨大吸引力正是舜实施"绝地天通"的原因。

海门民歌的传承保护与创新发展

海门民歌包括北部的通东民歌和南部的海门山歌,二者都是海门人民代代相传的传统音乐。通东民歌和海门山歌的传承保护受到了高度的重视,2008年,海门山歌就被纳入了国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录,通东民歌也在2016年被列入江苏省非物质文化遗产保护名录。新时代背景下要在前人工作的基础上,创新性传承发展海门优秀的民歌文化。

Comparison of Neutral Detergent Fiber,Acid Detergent Fiber and Acid Detergent Lignin Contents of Dongxiang Wild Rice and Cultivated Rice

[Objective] To study the chemic component of rice cell wall among different varieties and at different rice growth stages.[Method] The contents of neutral detergent fiber（NDF）,acid detergent fiber（ADF） and acid detergent lignin （ADL） of rice were analyzed by Van Soest Method.[Result] The contents of NDF,ADF and ADL varied from 55.63% to 71.70%,31.98% to 49.61% and 2.68% to 5.71% respectively,the highest content was gained in Dongxiang wide rice at dough stage,while the lowest content was obtained in rice heading stage of Xieqingzao B.In the same growth stage,the contents of NDF（except heading stage） and ADF were significantly（P0.05 or 0.01） difference among three varieties of rice,the highest content was Dongxiang wide rice,followed by Xiushui 110,and the lowest was Xieqingzao B.In the same variety rice,the content of NDF and ADF were significantly （P0.05 or 0.01） difference among three rice growth stages,the lowest contents was rice heading stage,followed by rice milk ripe stage,the highest was rice dough stage.[Conclusion] the NDF,ADF and other contents of indica rice were lower than that of ordinary wild rice and japonica rice,therefore,it owned a certain value in use of straw feed.If the indica rice could be harvest as earlier as possible,the rice straw together with silage fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis could provide the effective diet for livestock.

古镇系列短片拍摄与制作

笔者以江苏南通的余东古镇作为拍摄的研究对象,研究并记录余东古镇的人文历史,以古镇的著名景点和当地的名人作为主要内容,创作系列短片,宣传古镇文化,提高余东古镇的知名度。

pCO_2 distribution and CO_2 flux on the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea during summer 2011

Measurements ofpH, total alkalinity （TA）, partial pressure of CO2 （pCO2） and air-sea CO2 flux （FCO2） were conducted for the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea （ECS） during August 2011. Variations in pCO2 distribution and FCO2 magnitude during the construction of the Three Gorges Dam （TGD） （2003-2009）, and the potential effects of the TGD on the air-sea CO2 exchange were examined. Results showed that the ECS acts as an overall CO2 sink during summer, with pCO2 ranging from 107 to 585 p.atm and an average FCO2 of -6.39 mmol/（m2·d）. Low pCO2 （〈350 μatm） levels were observed at the central shelf （28°-32°N, 123°-125.5°E） where most CO2-absorption occurred. HighpCO2 （〉420 μatm） levels were found in the Changjiang estuary and Hangzhou Bay which acted as the main CO2 source. A negative relationship between pCO2 and salinity （R2=0.722 0） in the estuary zone indicated the predominant effect of the Changjiang Diluted Water （CDW） on the seawater CO2 system, whereas a positive relationship （R2=0.744 8） in the offshore zone revealed the influence of the Taiwan Current Warm Water （TCWW）. Together with the historical data, our results indicated that the CO2 sink has shown a shift southwest while FC02 exhibited dramatic fluctuation during the construction of the TGD, which is located in the middle reaches of the Changjiang. These variations probably reflect fluctuation in the Changjiang runoff, nutrient import, phytoplankton productivity, and sediment input, which are likely to have been caused by the operations of the TGD. Nevertheless, the potential influence of the TGD on the CO2 flux in the ECS is worthy of further study.

Circulation Service System for the Agricultural Products in Shandong

The construction and improvement of agricultural product circulation is one of the important solutions to the issues of agriculture. Although great achievements have been made in the construction of agricultural product, many problems still exist in the basis, principal role and service contents of service system. It needs the great improvement on infrastructure, service modes and management of service system to prompt the economic development in rural areas.

Nutrient Structure of the Taiwan Warm Current and Estimation of Vertical Nutrient Fluxes in Upwelling Areas in the East China Sea in Summer

Based on field data for nutrients collected on the continental shelf of the East China Sea(ECS) during summer 2006, the structure and variations of nutrients in every water mass related to the Taiwan Warm Current(TWC) were analyzed. The supplementary effect of nutrient of upwelling on harmful algal blooms(HABs) in the ECS was also estimated, based on upwelling data. Then the maintenance contribution of nutrient of upwelling to HABs was assessed. The results showed that N/P ratio is fairly low in both surface and deep layers of the TWC, which possibly controls nutrient structure of the HABs-frequently-occuring areas. In upwelling areas, the rate of phosphate(PO4-P) uptake exceeds that of nitrate(NO3-N) of the TWC. The TWC may relieve PO4-P limitation during the process of HABs. Furthermore, upwelling plays an important role in providing nutrients to HABs. After estimating nutrient fluxes(NO3-N, PO4-P, Si O3-Si) in the upwelling areas along a typical section(S07), the results showed that the nutrient uptake rate is the greatest at 10-20 m below euphotic zone, sustaining the ongoing presence of HABs. The uptake rate of PO4-P is the highest among dissolved inorganic nutrients. Therefore, upwelling is most likely the main source of PO4-P supply to HABs.

FLO-2D Simulation of Mudflow Caused by Large Landslide Due to Extremely Heavy Rainfall in Southeastern Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot

Daniau Village in Daniau Creek Watershed, Taitung County, Taiwan, sustained damages from landslides and mudflows during Typhoon Morakot in 2009. The purpose of this study is to adopt the FLO-2D numerical model recognized by Federal Emergency Management Agency （FEMA） to simulate the mudflow, and the Daniau Village was used as a case study, along with rainfall and digital terrain data for this simulation. On the basis of sediment yields, the residual sediment volume in the landslide area was determined to be 33,276 ma by comparison of digital elevation models （DEMs） and by using the universal soil loss equation （USLE）. In addition, this study performed a hydrological frequency analysis of rainfall to estimate the flow discharge as conditions of the simulation. Results of disaster surveys were collected to compare with outputs of the numerical model. Results of the simulation conducted with FLO- 2D indicated that if the countermeasure was not destroyed, the drainage work would function without overflow. This study aimed to review the effectiveness of eountermeasure on the basis of simulation results obtained by using the model to provide references for future disaster prevention and resident evacuation plans.

North-Channel Projects for Sending Power from West to East

On August 20, 2002, the construction-starting ceremonies of the north-channel projects for sending power from west to east were solemnly held at one main meeting place and five sub-meeting places simultaneously. The north-channel projects for sending power from west to east started to construct this time include three transmission and substation projects and four power source projects. This paper makes a brief introduction to the seven projects.

AEIC: Present and Future Program

The establishment of the ASEAN Earthquake Information Center (AEIC) was endorsed by the 40th Meeting of the Committee on Science and Technology held in October 2000, at the request of the ASEAN Sub-Committee on Meteorology and Geophysics (SCMG) to obtain the ASEAN Standing Committee’s (ASC) approval to officially use the name “ASEAN Earthquake Information Center (AEIC)”. As part of AEIC activities, the SCMG implemented a project on the ASEAN Seismic Network for Rapid Exchange of Strong Earthquake Data (ASNET RESED). The project was implemented by the ASCMG with funding support from the Government of Japan through the Japan ASEAN Co-operation Promotion Program (JACPP). The aim of the project is to facilitate the rapid exchange of data and information on earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 5.5 on the Richter scale, and to link all of the ASEAN National Seismological Centers through the Internet to disseminate earthquake information. For the future program, we propose a seismic data exchange between the National Seismological Centers in ASEAN countries as well as world seismological centers using the facilities in the AEIC. The plan is basically to develop and update the software and hardware in the NSC and AEIC for data communication. To refresh our knowledge in seismology and data communication, we arrange the training sessions for both topics.

Large-scale circulation features associated with the heat wave over Northeast China in summer 2018

In late July and early August 2018,Northeast China suffered from extremely high temperatures,with the maxium temperature anomaly exceeding 6°C.In this study,the large-scale circulation features associated with this heat wave over Northeast China are analyzed using station temperature data and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data.The results indicate that strong anomalous positive geopotential height centers existed from the lower to upper levels over Northeast China,and the related downward motions were directly responsible for the extreme high-temperature anomalies.The northwestward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)and the northeastward shift of the South Asian high concurrently reinforced the geopotential height anomalies and descending flow over Northeast China.In addition,an anomalous Pacific–Japan pattern in the lower troposphere led to the northwestward shift of the WPSH,jointly favoring the anomalous geopotential height over Northeast China.Two wave trains emanating from the Atlantic region propagated eastwards along high latitudes and midlatitudes,respectively,and converged over Northeast China,leading to the enhancement of the geopotential height anomalies.

＂Gwo＂ and ＂Dzy＂ in Huajian Ji and Yue Ou

In this paper, we focus our grammar studies on two early Cantonese literature contexts： Huajian Ji （花菚記, 1714） and Yue Ou （粤謳, 1820）. Two aspect markers, the experience aspect marker ＂gwo 過＂ and the duration aspect marker ＂dzy 住＂, in these two Cantonese books show different characteristics from oral Cantonese today. ＂Gwo＂, mostly used as an aspect marker of＂experience＂ and ＂repeat＂ in verbal expression, had the usage of＂unhappened experience＂ in the old books as a connection between this two aspects. Every step of ＂dzy＂＇s grammarlization process was clearly recorded in the written materials. By comparing with the aspect markers in Mandarin Chinese, the usage of the completion aspect marker ＂liu 了＂ found in these two books was also discussed. We argue the importance of literature context in diachronical grammar studies of dialect.

The dynamics of landscape-scale ecological connectivity based on least-cost model in Dongshan Island,China

As a hot topic in Landscape Ecology study,ecological connectivity is an important indicator for regional land sustainable use and biological protection. This paper conducted a systematic assessment of ecological connectivity using remote sensing images of Dongshan Island in 1994, 2003 and2011. Based on least-cost modelling, the method takes into consideration the type of barrier, the distance impact, and the adjacent land use types to obtain the Barrier Effect Index(BEI) and Ecological Connectivity Index(ECI). The application of this method to Dongshan Island showed the ecological connectivity index(ECI) was low in 1994, improved in 2003, and decreased significantly in 2011. The results of the dynamic analysis of landscape structure showed farmland and roads were the main landscape classes that caused the low observed ECI in 1994 and 2003;these tended to divide the landscape and cause fragmentation. Construction land and roads were the main landscape classes resulting in low ECI in 2011,while forest and grassland had a high ECI. Trajectory analysis showed ECI tended to decrease in the low mountain forest zone of the northwestern and southeastern parts of Dongshan Island as well as in the coastal protection forest area. The areas where ECI became high were located in the northeastern part of Dongshan Island where cities and towns are concentrated with high human populations.Therefore, rapid urbanization has been the most important factor driving changes in landscape structure and patterns during the last 17 years on Dongshan Island. The approach not only assists us in revealing the driving mechanism of landscape dynamics from another aspect, but also can assess the impacts of regional and urban plans on landscape structure and function.