宋元时代的通事与通事军

通事在中国古代常用来指翻译人员,但在宋元时代,又被用来指一种特殊群体,即因避罪、被掳掠等原因而寓居他国的异族人,其中许多人原来的身份是驱口。蒙古与宋战争期间,南宋曾利用这些人组建雇佣军,用以抵抗蒙古人。元朝也采取过反招降政策,下令赦免这些人,并解除他们的驱口身份。因此,通事在元代又有"回回通事"、"放良通事"等不同称谓。南宋灭亡后,原来南宋的通事军人大都被收编进镇戍军系统——"通事汉军上万户府",驻扎长江下游的江阴、许浦,万户一职则由负责收编工作的李占哥子李八撒儿及其后裔世袭。

元代军事史三题——《元典章》中出现的私走小路军、保甲丁壮军与通事军

私走小路军、保甲丁壮军是蒙元政权对南宋作战过程中涌现出的部队,通事军则为南宋王朝从北方流亡者中征募的雇佣兵,南宋灭亡后,又为元朝征募,组建成军。上述三类部队在《元典章》中都留下了宝贵记载。

System-Level EMC Assessment for Military Vehicular Communication Systems Based on a Modified Four-Level Assessment Model

With the development of EMC technology, EMC assessment has become increasingly important in EMC design. Although numerous EMC assessment models are available today, few of them can provide a tradeoff between efficiency and accuracy for the specific case of military vehicular communication systems. Face to this situation, a modified four-level assessment model is proposed in the paper. First, the development of EMC assessment technology is briefly reviewed, and the theoretical mechanism of EMI environment is introduced. Then, the architecture of the proposed model is outlined, and the assessment methods are explored. To demonstrate the application of it, an example involving a communication system in a military vehicle is presented. From the physical layer to the signal layer, a hierarchical assessment on the entire system is successfully performed based on the proposed model, and we can make a qualitative EMC assessment on the EMC performance of the system. Based on a comparison with the traditional model, we conclude that the proposed model is more accurate, more efficient and less time-consuming, which is suitable for the EMC assessment on militaryvehicular communication systems. We hope that the proposed model will serve as a useful reference for system-level EMC assessments for other systems.

关于元代保甲万户府的一些补充

保甲万户府是元代江南镇戍军团中的一支。在刘晓先生新近发表《元代军事史三题——〈元典章〉中出现的私走小路军、保甲丁壮军与通事军》（《中国史研究》2013年第3期）一文中,该万户得到全面系统的论述。近来笔者寻得上文未及的碑文史料,拟对此问题做些补充。成于后至元五年（1339）的《故赠昭勇大将军上轻车都尉云中郡侯蛮狗万户圹志》（《衢州墓志碑刻集录》,杭州,浙江人民美术出版社,2006年,第52—53页）介绍了蛮狗家族袭任保甲万户府达鲁花赤的情况。