道路交通事故多发点鉴定方法探讨

基于已有的道路交通事故统计资料，应用动态聚类分析方法和贝叶斯概率模型，对事故多发点的鉴定方法进行了探讨。

福建省山区高速公路不良天气与交通事故关系研究

为探求影响福建山区高速公路行车安全的主要天气条件,以某山区高速公路2005年至2010年的交通事故统计资料,分析山区某段高速公路日、月及季节变化特征,研究不良天气与道路交通事故的关系,供有关管理部门参考。

关于氨(冷冻站)制冷机房事故通风量计算规定的建议

经过理论分析计算并结合实际工程情况,发现GB50736—2012《民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范》以及GB50072—2010《冷库设计规范》中对于氨(冷冻站)制冷机房事故通风量的计算方法和数值以及用词上存在的问题,建议未来修订该标准时在氨(冷冻站)制冷机房事故通风量的计算方法以及用词与上统一,以避免造成不必要的误解。

煤矿通防事故危险性预警指标的研究

煤矿安全生产是重中之重,安全生产才能维护职工的生命健康权益,使煤矿减少不必要的损失。安全生产应以预防为先,目的是在危险发生之前予以识别,采取措施加强干预,有效降低发生安全事故的概率。如何提升安全事故预警水平,成为煤矿需探究与解决的问题。本文通过研究煤矿通防事故危险性预警指标构建的策略,为提高煤矿安全生产管理的有效性提供参考。

基于煤矿通防事故隐患监控预警与应急处理体系的研究

近些年来,煤矿事故频频发生,现在已经引发了一系列的安全问题。与此同时,煤矿灾害预警技术作为煤矿灾害防治中的一个最重要技术领域,越来越受到人们的重视。煤矿灾害预警与预控是煤矿灾害防治的主要技术之一。在煤矿各类灾害的预测与防治中,起到有效作用的是通过对灾害预警与控制技术的研究。当事故发生时,及时提出相应的对策,最大限度地减少事故损失。

浅析道路“双黄实线处”事故频发原因及其对策——以油田城区为例

改革开放30多年来,油田城区公路建设发展迅速,不仅对加快油区基础设施建设、实现资源有效配置、促进油区协调发展、推动油田生产经营发展和长远目标的实现发挥了重要作用,而且也直接拉动了油区经济的持续增长。油田城区道路建设也呈现出日新月异的发展趋势,由过去的双车道向四车道、六车道方向发展。

氢燃料电池汽车试验室的空调通风设计

本文介绍了氢燃料电池汽车试验室的特点,通过具体的项目案例,阐述了试验室空调通风的设计方案,提出了空调通风系统的构成和特点。通过计算氢燃料电池的效率和新风负荷,以及计算并比较事故通风量和全室排风量,确定了针对氢燃料电池试验室合理的空调通风方案。

Conditional autoregressive negative binomial model for analysis of crash count using Bayesian methods

In order to improve crash occurrence models to account for the influence of various contributing factors, a conditional autoregressive negative binomial （CAR-NB） model is employed to allow for overdispersion （tackled by the NB component）, unobserved heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation （captured by the CAR process）, using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and the Gibbs sampler. Statistical tests suggest that the CAR-NB model is preferred over the CAR-Poisson, NB, zero-inflated Poisson, zero-inflated NB models, due to its lower prediction errors and more robust parameter inference. The study results show that crash frequency and fatalities are positively associated with the number of lanes, curve length, annual average daily traffic （AADT） per lane, as well as rainfall. Speed limit and the distances to the nearest hospitals have negative associations with segment-based crash counts but positive associations with fatality counts, presumably as a result of worsened collision impacts at higher speed and time loss during transporting crash victims.

煤矿通防事故危险性预警指标的研究

以通防事故模型为基础,根据事故预警原理,建立煤矿通防事故危险性预警模型,在对预警模型进行深入研究分析的基础上提出了完整的煤矿通防事故危险性预警指标体系:首先采用鱼刺图法对通防事故危险性因素进行辨识,然后根据辨识出的危险性因素确定通防事故危险性评价指标,根据危险性评价指标,用模糊综合评判法确定事故危险性等级。最后,根据危险性因素和危险性评价等级的结果,建立通防事故危险性预警指标。

Identification of Traffic Accident Causal Factors Through Dynamic Driving Behavior Analysis

The reliability expression of dynamic driving behavior is derived from the driving shaping behavioural model; and then, in accordance with the combination of computer simulation and mathematical expression of driving reliability, an approach for assessing the effect of driving erroneous actions on the dynamic performance of the driver vehicle system is presented. The analysis of driving erroneous actions in the driver vehicle system has been performed to show that the reliability during perception with variety widely could result in the incidents and/or accidents in traffic system.

Relationship between speed and traffic accident and speed limit on freeway

To develop an equation between discrete degree of speed and traffic accident on freeway in China and give reasonable suggestions of speed management, the relation model was established between speed standard deviation and accident rate per 100,000,000 vehicle kilometers by regression analysis. The model shows that the more discrete is the speed distribution, the higher is the accident rate, which provides theoretical gist for speed limit on freeway. It is suggested that speed limit should be set according to 85th percentile speed obtained by the relationship between 85th percentile speed and RCCs (curvature change rate of single circular curve), and different speed limits should be set for cars and trucks. Through analyzing spot speed data of eight freeways in China, regression models were established between 85th percentile speed and RCCs and 15th percentile speed and RCCs. Reasonable speed limit suggestion values are put forward through these models.

Nursing students'knowledge,willingness,and attitudes toward the first aid behavior as bystanders in traffic accident trauma:A cross-sectional survey

Objectives:The purpose of the study was to investigate the nursing students'levels of the knowledge,willingness,and attitudes toward first aid behavior as bystanders in road traffic accident and the related factors.Methods:A total of 475 nursing students were recruited by convenience choosing in Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The nursing students'self-efficacy,core self-evaluation,knowledge,willingness and attitudes toward first aid behavior as bystanders in traffic accidents were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire.Results:The scores of knowledge,willingness,and attitudes toward first aid behavior in traffic accident trauma were 7.51±1.93,15.54±5.03,and 7.73±1.56,respectively.Students who once gained training of first aid showed lower levels of attitude toward first aid behavior than those untrained(t=-2.345,P=0.019).It was found that self-efficacy was correlated to the knowledge(r=0.150,P<0.001),willingness(r=0.182,P<0.004)and attitudes toward behavior of the first aid(r=0.371,P<0.001)among nursing students.Core self-evaluation was correlated to knowledge(r=0.193,P<0.001)and attitudes toward behavior of the first aid(r=0.199,P<0.001).Conclusions:The first aid knowledge among nursing students was not satisfactory.The study suggested that an unsustainable short first-aid training program may bring negative effects.Countermeasures should be taken to ensure both quality and continuity of first aid training.Meanwhile,more attention should be paid to improving the self-efficacy and core self-evaluation of the nursing students.

Changes in blood alcohol concentration and driving ability after alcohol intake

Objective: To study the relationship between the amount of consumed alcohol, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and driving ability among a part of the population in Southwest China and to provide reference for the formulation of the legal limits for safe driving. Methods: Seventy-six randomly selected volunteer drivers each had three times of alcohol intake (100 ml each time). After each drank, BAC was measured with gas chromatograph and driving ability was evaluated. The drivers were grouped according to age, weight, alcohol tolerance and driving experience respectively and changes in BAC and driving ability were analyzed. Results: Average BAC and the percentage of drivers showing impaired driving ability in the groups increased after each intake of 100 ml alcohol. BAC in Group≤60 kg was more susceptible to alcohol than that in Group>60 kg. When each drank, alcohol had greater influence on drivers who had comparatively shorter driving experience. Conclusion: Volume of consumed alcohol, BAC and driving ability have direct associations among one another and are all under the influence of various factors including individual conditions. To set an appropriate legal BAC limit for safe driving should take an overall consideration of all factors.

Motor vehicle accidents: How should cirrhotic patients be managed?

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are serious social issues worldwide and driver illness is an important cause of MVAs. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a com- plex cognitive dysfunction with attention deficit, which frequently occurs in cirrhotic patients independent of severity of liver disease. Although MHE is known as a risk factor for MVAs, the impact of diagnosis and treatment of MHE on MVA-related societal costs is largely unknown. Recently, Bajaj et al demonstrated valuable findings that the diagnosis of MHE by rapid screening using the inhibitory control test (ICT), and subsequent treatment with lactulose could substantially reduce the societal costs by preventing MVAs. Besides the ICT and lactulose, there are various diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for MHE. In this commentary, we discussed a current issue of diagnostic tools for MHE, including neuropsychological tests. We also discussed the advantages of the other therapeutic strategies for MHE, such as intake of a regular breakfast and coffee, and supplementation with zinc and branched chain amino acids, on the MVA-related societal costs.

Numerical simulation for settlement urban tunnel construction

The excavation for the municipal tunnel will disturb the soil around the tunnel,and the deformation and subsidence of the earth surface always take place,which may lead to instability and even collapse for the building above the tunnel. At the same time the deformation and subsidence of the earth surface affect the normal use of underground municipal pipelines,and may cause the road sudden collapse,leading to significantly traffic accidents. The authors did a research by simulating for the excavation of municipal tunnel and designed the related supporting plan,and put forward some suggestions and measures for the design and construction of urban tunnel.

Reducing the Effects of Driving Fatigue with Magnetic Stimulation

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of reducing driving fatigue with magnitopuncture stimuli on Dazhui (DU14) point and Neiguan (PC6) points using heart rate (HR), reaction time (RT) testing, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) and subjective evaluation. Twenty healthy subjects were randomly divided into two groups: A-group (study group) and B-group (control group). All subjects were required to be well rested before the experiment. The subjects were engaged in high speed driving at a constant vehicle velocity of 80 km/h continuously for three hours on a test course simulating an expressway. During the driving magnitopunctures were applied to the Dazhui (DU14) point and Neiguan (PC6) points for the A-group when the subject performed the task for two and half hours, and for the B-group magnitopunctures were applied to non-acupuncture points at the same time session. In this study RT exbited a significant delay in B-group (P<0.01) but no found in A-group after the driving task. CFF and subjective evaluation also exhibited significant differences between the two groups after the driving task (P<0.05). The findings showed that magnitopuncture stimuli on Dazhui (DU14) point and Neiguan (PC6) points could reduce the effects of driving fatigue.

Countermeasures for traffic accidents due to road conditions in China

Regarding the postulate of traffic infrastructure and vehicles, much attention should be given to the effect of road conditions on accidents. With large numbers of traffic accidents on Shenda Freeway, Liaoning Province, Harbin City and others in P. R. China, parameters and the effect of accidents caused by horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, cross section and intersection are studied systematically The disciplinary analysis of these effects are presented in this paper. The viewpoint is acknowledged that high sub grade and steep slopes are against traffic safety, which is common and ignored in high-usage highways in China. Design parameters of the current design criteria and the corresponding countermeasures are suggested for safety on our highways.

Spectral Analysis of Blood Pressure Variability as a Quantitative Indicator of Driving Fatigue

The quantitative detector of driver fatigue presents appropriate warnings and helps to prevent traffic accidents.The aim of this study was to quantifiably evaluate driver mental fatigue using the power spectral analysis of the blood pressure variability (BPV) and subjective evaluation. In this experiment twenty healthy male subjects were required to perform a driving simulator task for 3-hours. The physiological variables for evaluating driver mental fatigue were spectral values of blood pressure variability (BPV)including very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF),high frequency (HF). As a result, LF, HF and LF/HF showed high correlations with driver mental fatigue but not found in VLF. The findings represent a possible utility of BPV spectral analysis in quantitatively evaluating driver mental fatigue.

Evaluation of Road Accidents in Pristina in the Period 2009-2012

Approximately 15,000-17,000 thousand people die worldwide in traffic accidents as a consequence of all types of injuries. This study has a descriptive nature. It is based on data obtained from archives including the treatment database of the Emergency Center. The period January 2009 to December 2012 has been considered for this research. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of fatal road traffic accidents in Pristine, Kosovo, and describe their determinants. The number of injured in traffic accidents who have sought emergency medical assistance in the Emergency Center from January 2009 to December 2012 is increasing significantly. It is concluded that except reasons mentioned above and among others, there also are the following factors： enormous increase of number of persons equipped with driving license, driving speeds above limits which are considered to be the primary cause of the road traffic accidents. These findings can serve as a basis for health care professionals and policymakers to create preventive measures for traffic accidents.

Trends and Causes of Traffic Accidents in Dubai

This paper investigates the traffic accidents＇ trends and causes in Dubai. For this purpose, the traffic accident statistics for years 2003 to 2012 are used to examine the trends of different types of accidents and the causes of these accidents. Also, the paper determines the most common types of accidents over the study period and identifies some of the causes for these accidents. Furthermore, the paper shows the impact of the new traffic law amendments, which were issued in 2008, on the accident rates and trends. The results showed that the implementation of the traffic law amendments did not have major impact in year 2008. However, there was a significant effect of these amendments in the following years. Also, lack of awareness of traffic laws and regulations in Dubai has been proven to be one of the major causes of accidents. Finally, the paper provides some recommendations to reduce the traffic accident rates, in order to achieve the Dubai Police Department 2020 strategic goal to have zero fatalities.