Based on the fact that the variation of tile direction of arrival (DOA) isslower than that of the channel fading, the steering vector of the desired signal is estimatedfirstly using a subspace decomposition method and...Based on the fact that the variation of tile direction of arrival (DOA) isslower than that of the channel fading, the steering vector of the desired signal is estimatedfirstly using a subspace decomposition method and then a constrained condition is configured.Traffic signals are further employed to estimate the channel vector based on the constrained leastsquares criterion. We use the iterative least squares with projection (ILSP) algorithm initializedby the pilot to get the estimation. The accuracy of channel estimation and symbol detection can beprogressively increased through the iteration procedure of the ILSP algorithm. Simulation resultsdemonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the system performance effectively compared withthe conventional 2-D RAKE receiver.展开更多
The PMD-induced pulse broadening may cause the degradation ofreceiver sensitivity and has negative effects on the power spectrumof received signals. The expression s of PMO-induced pulse broadeningeffects on receiver ...The PMD-induced pulse broadening may cause the degradation ofreceiver sensitivity and has negative effects on the power spectrumof received signals. The expression s of PMO-induced pulse broadeningeffects on receiver sensitivity are derived based on the concept ofman square pulse width. The effects of PMD on the spectrum ofreceived power are analyzed in detail. Finally, the scheme isdiscussed with which the poser of a certain frequency component isextracted as a feedback control signal in a PMD compensation system.展开更多
Objective To explore the molecular targets and associated potential pathways of Lycii Fructus(LF,Gou Qi Zi,枸杞子)in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa(RP)by the approaches of network pharmacology and bioinformatic...Objective To explore the molecular targets and associated potential pathways of Lycii Fructus(LF,Gou Qi Zi,枸杞子)in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa(RP)by the approaches of network pharmacology and bioinformatics.Methods The potential blood-entry active ingredients and targets of LF were retrieved by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).RP-related gene targets were retrieved through disease comprehensive databases.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of LF component-targets and RP disease-targets was constructed by STRING,and the intersection of the 2 networks was extracted.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis of theintersection network were conducted by Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID).CytoHubba was used to screen the key targets.Results A total of 188 chemical constituents related to LF was retrieved from TCMSP database.45 active ingredients were screened according to pharmacokinetic parameters oral bioavailability(OB)and drug similarity(DL).36 active ingredients were further screened and 201 targets related to these constituents were obtained.206 target genes directly related to RP were obtained from the disease comprehensive databases,and 89 genes were obtained from the intersection of componenttarget and disease-target PPI network.These genes were mainly involved in intracellular signal transduction,GTPase activity regulation,cell morphology regulation,and other biological processes.Molecular functions were mainly related to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity,GTPase activator activity,receptor signal protein serine/threonine kinase activity and so on.They were enriched in the cytoplasm,cell membrane,Golgi apparatus,and other regions.The mechanism was related to cell cycle pathways,neurotrophin signaling pathways,Ras signaling pathways,and so on.10 key gene targets of LF in the treatment of RP were screened.Conclusions The material basis for LF to exert its pharmacodynamic effect is 36 active ingredients such as cycloartenol,mandenol,and so on.The key targets of LF in the treatment of RP include 10 genes,such as Rho,PAK,and so on.The main mechanism is related to the regulation of the Ras signaling pathway,neurotrophin signaling pathway,cell cycle related pathway,and other signaling networks.展开更多
In this paper,a new architecture of optical networks—the optical network based on server system is considered.From the point of this new architecture,the network can be modeled as a server system with three type serv...In this paper,a new architecture of optical networks—the optical network based on server system is considered.From the point of this new architecture,the network can be modeled as a server system with three type servers—the access server,the node server and the link server. The network performances such as cost,energy consume and network capacity can be affected by the capability of these three type servers.New ILP formulations are proposed to analyze the network capacity under two types of node severs,with and without wavelength converter.Computer simulations are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these new formulations.The study has shown that the network can achieve the same throughput under the two types of node servers and the network throughput increases when the maximum allowed variation increases.展开更多
In this paper, a new Random Packet Access Protocol (RPAP) is proposed in WCDMA systems. The new proposed RPAP can efficiently prevent unnecessary interference by stopping a transmission if it is bound to be collided w...In this paper, a new Random Packet Access Protocol (RPAP) is proposed in WCDMA systems. The new proposed RPAP can efficiently prevent unnecessary interference by stopping a transmission if it is bound to be collided with others. Throughput about the new RPAP is deliberated and analyzed. Computer simulation shows that this protocol has better throughput performance compared with conventional one currently used in WCDMA.展开更多
The coverage probability of both the cellular users and the Device-to-Device(D2D) users are analyzed. We assume that the cellular users are able to communication with the Base Station(BS) either by relying on the assi...The coverage probability of both the cellular users and the Device-to-Device(D2D) users are analyzed. We assume that the cellular users are able to communication with the Base Station(BS) either by relying on the assistance of Full-Duplex(FD) mode relays or via direct user-to-BS links with high-enough Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio(SINR). Note that the FD-mode devices are capable of simultaneously operating in two modes,i.e. the D2D mode and the cooperative relay mode,with the sum power consumption at these devices kept constant. The closedform expressions for coverage probability of both tier users are derived. After that,numerical analyses are provided,showing that the coverage probability of the both the cellular and the D2D users can be substantially influenced by a variety of parameters,including the power allocation factor of the relays,the density of users,and the self-interference imposed on the FD mode relays,etc. Furthermore,in the D2D enabled networks,it is shown that the FD relay aided transmission is beneficial to enhancing the coverage probability of the cellular users if the target SINR is lower than 5 d B.展开更多
A new architecture for scalable anonymous communication system(SACS) was proposed. The users were divided into several subgroups managed by different sub-blenders, and all sub-blenders were managed by the main-blend...A new architecture for scalable anonymous communication system(SACS) was proposed. The users were divided into several subgroups managed by different sub-blenders, and all sub-blenders were managed by the main-blender using two layers management scheme. The identity information of members are distributed on different sub-blenders, which makes each member keep much less information and network overload greatly reduce. The anonymity and the overhead of the new scheme were analyzed and compared with that of Crowds, which shows the cost of storage and network overhead for the new scheme largely decreases while the anonymity is little degraded. The experiment results also show that the new system architecture is well scalable. The ratio of management cost of SACS to that of Crowds is about 1:25 while the value of P(1|H1+) only increases by 0.001-0.020, which shows that SACS keeps almost the same anonymity with Crowds.展开更多
To monitor, control and manage the work process of computer numerical control machine tools in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) effectively, the distributed numerical coutrol (distributed-NC) software should be i...To monitor, control and manage the work process of computer numerical control machine tools in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) effectively, the distributed numerical coutrol (distributed-NC) software should be innovated with the characteristics of modularization and reconfiguration. In this paper, firstly, distributed-NC functions in the FMS environment are described. Then, we present a design and development method of the real time distributed-NC that is on the basis of the re-coufigurable software and hardware platform and with an object-oriented model concept. Finally, to verify the proposed method, the distributed-NC software has been implemented in VC++ 6.0 and has been tested in connection with the different physical flexible manufacturing shops.展开更多
We show asymmetric multi-channel sampling on a series of a shift invariant spaces ∑a^m=1v(φ(ta)) with a series of Riesz generators ∑a^m=1φ(ta) in L2(R), where each channeled signal is assigned a uniform bu...We show asymmetric multi-channel sampling on a series of a shift invariant spaces ∑a^m=1v(φ(ta)) with a series of Riesz generators ∑a^m=1φ(ta) in L2(R), where each channeled signal is assigned a uniform but distinct sampling rate. We use Fourier duality between ∑a^m=1v(φ(ta))and L2[0, 2π] to find conditions under which there is a stable asymmetric multi-channel sampling formula on ∑a^m=1v(φ(ta)).展开更多
The widespread communications between prokaryotes and eukaryotes via signaling molecules are believed to affect gene expression in both partners.During the communication process,the contacted organisms produce and rel...The widespread communications between prokaryotes and eukaryotes via signaling molecules are believed to affect gene expression in both partners.During the communication process,the contacted organisms produce and release small molecules that establish communication channels between two kingdoms—this procedure is known as interkingdom signaling.Interkingdom communications are widespread between pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their host plants,with diversified outcomes depending on the specific chemical-triggered signaling pathways.Deciphering the signals or language of this interkingdom communication and uncovering the underlying mechanisms are major current challenges in this field.It is evident that diverse signaling molecules can be produced or derived from bacteria and plants,and researchers have sought to identify these signals and explore the mechanisms of the signaling pathways.The results of such studies will lead to the development of strategies to improve plant disease resistance through controlling interkingdom signals,rather than directly killing the pathogenic bacteria.Also,the identification of signals produced by beneficial bacteria will be useful for agricultural applications.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of cross-kingdom interactions between plant and bacteria,and how LuxR-family transcription factors in plant associated bacterial quorum sensing system are involved in the interkingdom signaling.展开更多
基金The National Hi-Tech Development Plan (863-317-03-01-02-04-20).
文摘Based on the fact that the variation of tile direction of arrival (DOA) isslower than that of the channel fading, the steering vector of the desired signal is estimatedfirstly using a subspace decomposition method and then a constrained condition is configured.Traffic signals are further employed to estimate the channel vector based on the constrained leastsquares criterion. We use the iterative least squares with projection (ILSP) algorithm initializedby the pilot to get the estimation. The accuracy of channel estimation and symbol detection can beprogressively increased through the iteration procedure of the ILSP algorithm. Simulation resultsdemonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the system performance effectively compared withthe conventional 2-D RAKE receiver.
文摘The PMD-induced pulse broadening may cause the degradation ofreceiver sensitivity and has negative effects on the power spectrumof received signals. The expression s of PMO-induced pulse broadeningeffects on receiver sensitivity are derived based on the concept ofman square pulse width. The effects of PMD on the spectrum ofreceived power are analyzed in detail. Finally, the scheme isdiscussed with which the poser of a certain frequency component isextracted as a feedback control signal in a PMD compensation system.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81804150 and No. 81703920)Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M662790)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (No. 2019JJ50442 and No. 2019JJ40226)Research-based Learning and Innovative Experiment Program Project for Hunan University Students (No. 2017280)Scientific Research Project of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration (No. 201780)Open Fund Project of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine (No. 2018YZD05)Open Fund of the Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine (No. 2018ZYX20 and No. 2018ZYX26)
文摘Objective To explore the molecular targets and associated potential pathways of Lycii Fructus(LF,Gou Qi Zi,枸杞子)in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa(RP)by the approaches of network pharmacology and bioinformatics.Methods The potential blood-entry active ingredients and targets of LF were retrieved by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).RP-related gene targets were retrieved through disease comprehensive databases.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of LF component-targets and RP disease-targets was constructed by STRING,and the intersection of the 2 networks was extracted.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis of theintersection network were conducted by Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID).CytoHubba was used to screen the key targets.Results A total of 188 chemical constituents related to LF was retrieved from TCMSP database.45 active ingredients were screened according to pharmacokinetic parameters oral bioavailability(OB)and drug similarity(DL).36 active ingredients were further screened and 201 targets related to these constituents were obtained.206 target genes directly related to RP were obtained from the disease comprehensive databases,and 89 genes were obtained from the intersection of componenttarget and disease-target PPI network.These genes were mainly involved in intracellular signal transduction,GTPase activity regulation,cell morphology regulation,and other biological processes.Molecular functions were mainly related to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity,GTPase activator activity,receptor signal protein serine/threonine kinase activity and so on.They were enriched in the cytoplasm,cell membrane,Golgi apparatus,and other regions.The mechanism was related to cell cycle pathways,neurotrophin signaling pathways,Ras signaling pathways,and so on.10 key gene targets of LF in the treatment of RP were screened.Conclusions The material basis for LF to exert its pharmacodynamic effect is 36 active ingredients such as cycloartenol,mandenol,and so on.The key targets of LF in the treatment of RP include 10 genes,such as Rho,PAK,and so on.The main mechanism is related to the regulation of the Ras signaling pathway,neurotrophin signaling pathway,cell cycle related pathway,and other signaling networks.
基金supported by China Post-doctoral Science Foundation funded project(20070420013)Open Fund of National Laboratory on Local Fiber-Optic Communication Networks & Advanced optical Communication Systems,(Pe-king University),PRChinaGuangxi Science Foundation(0731003)
文摘In this paper,a new architecture of optical networks—the optical network based on server system is considered.From the point of this new architecture,the network can be modeled as a server system with three type servers—the access server,the node server and the link server. The network performances such as cost,energy consume and network capacity can be affected by the capability of these three type servers.New ILP formulations are proposed to analyze the network capacity under two types of node severs,with and without wavelength converter.Computer simulations are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these new formulations.The study has shown that the network can achieve the same throughput under the two types of node servers and the network throughput increases when the maximum allowed variation increases.
文摘In this paper, a new Random Packet Access Protocol (RPAP) is proposed in WCDMA systems. The new proposed RPAP can efficiently prevent unnecessary interference by stopping a transmission if it is bound to be collided with others. Throughput about the new RPAP is deliberated and analyzed. Computer simulation shows that this protocol has better throughput performance compared with conventional one currently used in WCDMA.
基金supported by Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61431001)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61501182,U1501253,61377024)+3 种基金Research Foundation of Education Department of Hunan Province (Grant No.15C0558)Startup Foundation for Doctors of Hunan University of Science and Technology (Grant No.E51539)Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing,Ministry of Education (Guilin University of Electronic Technology)Foundation of Beijing Engineering and Technology Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services
文摘The coverage probability of both the cellular users and the Device-to-Device(D2D) users are analyzed. We assume that the cellular users are able to communication with the Base Station(BS) either by relying on the assistance of Full-Duplex(FD) mode relays or via direct user-to-BS links with high-enough Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio(SINR). Note that the FD-mode devices are capable of simultaneously operating in two modes,i.e. the D2D mode and the cooperative relay mode,with the sum power consumption at these devices kept constant. The closedform expressions for coverage probability of both tier users are derived. After that,numerical analyses are provided,showing that the coverage probability of the both the cellular and the D2D users can be substantially influenced by a variety of parameters,including the power allocation factor of the relays,the density of users,and the self-interference imposed on the FD mode relays,etc. Furthermore,in the D2D enabled networks,it is shown that the FD relay aided transmission is beneficial to enhancing the coverage probability of the cellular users if the target SINR is lower than 5 d B.
基金Projects(60403032) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (NCET-05-0683) supported by the New Century Excellent Talents in University, ChinaProject(IRT0661) supported by Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, China
文摘A new architecture for scalable anonymous communication system(SACS) was proposed. The users were divided into several subgroups managed by different sub-blenders, and all sub-blenders were managed by the main-blender using two layers management scheme. The identity information of members are distributed on different sub-blenders, which makes each member keep much less information and network overload greatly reduce. The anonymity and the overhead of the new scheme were analyzed and compared with that of Crowds, which shows the cost of storage and network overhead for the new scheme largely decreases while the anonymity is little degraded. The experiment results also show that the new system architecture is well scalable. The ratio of management cost of SACS to that of Crowds is about 1:25 while the value of P(1|H1+) only increases by 0.001-0.020, which shows that SACS keeps almost the same anonymity with Crowds.
基金Project supported by the National High-Tech. R&D Program for CIMS, China (Grant No. 2003AA414120) Shanghai Science & Technology development Project, China (Grant No. 02FK04)
文摘To monitor, control and manage the work process of computer numerical control machine tools in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) effectively, the distributed numerical coutrol (distributed-NC) software should be innovated with the characteristics of modularization and reconfiguration. In this paper, firstly, distributed-NC functions in the FMS environment are described. Then, we present a design and development method of the real time distributed-NC that is on the basis of the re-coufigurable software and hardware platform and with an object-oriented model concept. Finally, to verify the proposed method, the distributed-NC software has been implemented in VC++ 6.0 and has been tested in connection with the different physical flexible manufacturing shops.
文摘We show asymmetric multi-channel sampling on a series of a shift invariant spaces ∑a^m=1v(φ(ta)) with a series of Riesz generators ∑a^m=1φ(ta) in L2(R), where each channeled signal is assigned a uniform but distinct sampling rate. We use Fourier duality between ∑a^m=1v(φ(ta))and L2[0, 2π] to find conditions under which there is a stable asymmetric multi-channel sampling formula on ∑a^m=1v(φ(ta)).
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(2015B150600)National Key R&D Program(2016YFD0100600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370161)
文摘The widespread communications between prokaryotes and eukaryotes via signaling molecules are believed to affect gene expression in both partners.During the communication process,the contacted organisms produce and release small molecules that establish communication channels between two kingdoms—this procedure is known as interkingdom signaling.Interkingdom communications are widespread between pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their host plants,with diversified outcomes depending on the specific chemical-triggered signaling pathways.Deciphering the signals or language of this interkingdom communication and uncovering the underlying mechanisms are major current challenges in this field.It is evident that diverse signaling molecules can be produced or derived from bacteria and plants,and researchers have sought to identify these signals and explore the mechanisms of the signaling pathways.The results of such studies will lead to the development of strategies to improve plant disease resistance through controlling interkingdom signals,rather than directly killing the pathogenic bacteria.Also,the identification of signals produced by beneficial bacteria will be useful for agricultural applications.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of cross-kingdom interactions between plant and bacteria,and how LuxR-family transcription factors in plant associated bacterial quorum sensing system are involved in the interkingdom signaling.