实事求是的多元解读——“广义元理论”研究之九

实事求是作为元规律,不仅具有必元性,而且具有可元性;不仅具有自元性、本元性,而且具有同元性、普元性;不仅具有一元性,而且具有恒元性;不仅具有始元性、通元性,而且具有质元性、识元性;不仅具有狭元性,而且具有广元性。为此,对实事求是的多元化属性展开多方面的探讨,并作为"广义元理论"的系列研究内容之一。

Restricted Edge Connectivity of Binary Undirected Kautz Graphs

A restricted edge cut is an edge cut of a connected graph whose removal resultsin a disconnected graph without isolated vertices. The size of a minimum restricted edge cutof a graph G is called its restricted edge connectivity, and is denoted by λ′(G). Let ξ(G) bethe minimum edge degree of graph G. It is known that λ′(G) ≤ξ(G) if G contains restrictededge cuts. Graph G is called maximal restricted edge connected if the equality holds in thethe preceding inequality. In this paper, undirected Kautz graph UK(2, n) is proved to bemaximal restricted edge connected if n ≥ 2.

An indoor positioning system for mobile target tracking based on VLC and IMU fusion

An indoor positioning system( IPS) is designed to realize positioning and tracking of mobile targets,by taking advantages of both the visible light communication( VLC) and inertial measurement unit( IMU). The platform of the IPS is designed,which consists of the light-emitting diode( LED)based transmitter,the receiver and the positioning server. To reduce the impact caused by measurement errors,both inertial sensing data and the received signal strength( RSS) from the VLC are calibrated. Then,a practical propagation model is established to obtain the distance between the transmitter and the receiver from the RSS measurements. Furthermore,a hybrid positioning algorithm is proposed by using the adaptive Kalman filter( AKF) and the weighted least squares( WLS)trilateration to estimate the positions of the mobile targets.Experimental results show that the developed IPS using the proposed hybrid positioning algorithm can extend the localization area of VLC,mitigate the IMU drifts and improve the positioning accuracy of mobile targets.

New High Nonlinear and Dispersion Flattened Photonic Crystal Fiber

A new high nonlinear dispersion flattened photonic crystal fiber is proposed. This fiber has three-fold symmetry core. The doped region in the core and the big air-holes in the 1-st ring can make high nonlinearity in the PCF. And the small air-holes in the 1-st ring and the radial increasing diameters air-holes rings in cladding can be used to turn the dispersion properties of the PCF. We can achieve the optimized optical properties by carefully selecting the PCF's structure parameters. A PCF with flattened dispersion is obtained. The dispersion is within ±0.8 ps·nm-1·km-1 from 1.50 μm to 1.62 μm. The nonlinear coefficient is about 12.645 6 W-1·km-1, the fundamental mode area is about 10.257 9 μm2 and the birefringence is about 3.086 96×10-5 at 1.55 μm. This work may be useful for effective design and fabrication of dispersion flattened photonic crystal with high nonlinearities.

Characteristics of ventilation coefficient and its impact on urban air pollution

The temporal variation of ventilation coefficient was estimated and a simple model for the prediction of urban ventilation coefficient in Changsha was developed. Firstly, Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between meteorological parameters and mixing layer height during 2005-2009 in Changsha, China. Secondly, the multi-linear regression model between daytime and nighttime was adopted to predict the temporal ventilation coefficient. Thirdly, the validation of the model between the predicted and observed ventilation coefficient in 2010 was conducted. The results showed that ventilation coefficient significantly varied and remained high during daytime, while it stayed relatively constant and low during nighttime. In addition, the diurnal ventilation coefficient was distinctly negatively correlated with PM10 (particle with the diameter less than 10 μm) concentration in Changsha, China. The predicted ventilation coefficient agreed well with the observed values based on the multi-linear regression models during daytime and nighttime. The urban temporal ventilation coefficient could be accurately predicted by some simple meteorological parameters during daytime and nighttime. The ventilation coefficient played an important role in the PM10 concentration level.

Irrationality in Scientific Development？

The paper discusses several wide-spread misunderstandings of Kuhn＇s theory of scientific development, most prominently the ascription that he conceives of scientific development as irrational. The core of this ascription is an assessment of incommensurability as implying the lack of any rational possibility of theory comparison. This is supposed to be due to Gestalt switches and a quasi-religious element of conversion in theory change. Accordingly, scientific revolutions cannot be a serious matter for philosophical analysis; they furthermore foreclose any scientific progress. It is shown that such images of Kuhn＇s theory rest on deep misunderstandings that are partly due to Kuhn＇s writing style.

Effects of Different Connectivity Topologies in Small World Networks on EEG-Like Activities

Based on our previously pulse-coupled integrate-and-fire neuron model in small world networks, we investigate the effects of different connectivity topologies on complex behavior of electroencephalographic-like signals produced by this model. We show that several times series analysis methods that are often used for analyzing complex behavior of electroencephalographic-like signals, such as reconstruction of the phase space, correlation dimension, fractal dimension, and the Hurst exponent within the rescaled range analysis （R/S）. We lind that the different connectivity topologies lead to different dynamical behaviors in models of integrate-and-fire neurons.

Updating Methods for Real Time Flood Forecasting： A Comparison through Senegal River Basin Upstream Bakel

Heavy floods occur frequently in the Senegal River Basin, causing catastrophic flooding downstream the river rating station of Bakel. Anticipating the occurrence of such phenomena is the only way to reduce the resulting damages. Flood forecasting is a necessity. Flood forecasting plays also an important role in the implementation of flood management scenarios and in the protection of hydro electric structures. Many methods are applied. The most complete are based on the conservation laws of physics governing the free surface flow. These methods need a complete description of the geometry of the river and their implementation requires also huge investments. In practice the river basin can be considered as a system of inputs-outputs related by a transfer function. In this paper the authors first used a multiple linear regression model with constant parameters estimated by the ordinary least square method to simulate the propagation of the floods in the upstream part of the Senegal river basin. The authors then apply statistical and graphical criteria of goodness-of-fit to test the suitability of this model. Three procedures of parameters updating have then been added to this linear model： the Kalman filter method, the recursive least square method, and the stochastic gradient method The criteria of goodness-of-fit used above have shown that the stochastic gradient method, although more rudimentary, represents better the flood propagation in the head basin of the Senegal river upstream Bakel. This result is particularly interesting because data influenced by Manantali Dam are used.

Numerical Analysis for High⁃Throughput Elastic Modulus Measurement of Substrate⁃Supported Thin Films

Micro/nano-thin films are widely used in the fields of micro/nano-electromechanical system(MEMS/NEMS)and flexible electronics,and their mechanical properties have an important impact on the stability and reliability of components.However,accurate characterization of the mechanical properties of thin films still faces challenges due to the complexity of film-substrate structure,and the characterization efficiency of traditional techniques is insufficient.In this paper,a high-throughput determination method of the elastic modulus of thin films is proposed based on the strain variance method,the feasibility of which is analyzed by the finite element method(FEM),and the specific tensile configuration with array-distributed thin films is designed and optimized.Based on the strain difference between the film-substrate region and the uncoated region,the elastic modulus of multiple films is obtained simultaneously,and the influences of film width,spacing,thickness,and distribution on the measurement of elastic modulus are elucidated.The results show that the change in film width has a more obvious effect on the elastic modulus determination than film spacing and thickness,i.e.,the larger the film width is,the closer the calculation results are to the theoretical value,and the change in calculation results tends to be stabilized when the film width increases to a certain length.Specifically,the simultaneous measurement of the elastic modulus of eight metal films on a polyimide(PI)substrate with a length of 110 mm and a width of 30 mm can be realized,and the testing throughput can be further increased with the extension of the substrate length.This study provides an efficient and low-cost method for measuring the elastic modulus of thin films,which is expected to accelerate the development of new thin film materials.

Cell adhesion molecules in Drosophila synapse development and function

Synapse is a highly specialized inter-cellular structure between neurons or between a neuron and its target cell that mediates cell-cell communications. Ample results indicate that synaptic adhesion molecules are critically important in modulating the complexity and specificity of the synapse. And disruption of adhesive properties of synapses may lead to neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will use the Drosophila NMJ as a model system for glutamatergic synapses to discuss the structure and function of homophilic and heterophilic synaptic adhesion molecules with special focus on recent findings in neurexins and neuroligins in Drosophila.

Thermal reliability analysis and optimization of polymer insulating through-silicon-vias(TSVs) for 3D integration

Polymer insulating through-silicon-vias （TSVs） is an attractive approach for high-performance 3D integration systems. To further demonstrate the polymer insulating TSVs, this paper investigates the thermal stability by measuring the leakage current under bias-temperature condition, studies the thermal stress characteristics with Finite Element Analysis （FEA）, and tries to improve the thermal mechanical reliability of high-density TSVs array by optimizing the geometry parameters of pitch, liner and redistribution layer （RDL）. The electrical measurements show the polymer insulating TSVs can maintain good insulation capability （less than 2x 10TM A） under challenging bias-temperature conditions of 20 V and 200~C, despite the leakage degra- dation observation. The FEA results show that the thermal stress is significantly reduced at the sidewall, but highly concen- trates at the surface, which is the potential location of mechanical failure. And, the analysis results indicate that the polymer insulating TSVs （diameter of 10 μm, depth of 50 μm） array with a pitch of 20 μm, liner thickness of 1 μm and RDL radius of 9 μm has an optimized thermal-mechanical reliability for application.