钱谦益诗学与创作之双向观照

作为明清之际重要的文学家 ,钱谦益的诗学思想相当丰富、深刻 ,对后世的影响也非常大。钱谦益的诗学思想 ,直接针对明代文坛的现实 ,正本清源 ,“建镳一代”。钱谦益对诗歌的本质有明确的认识 ,他以“诗言志”说为依据 ,构建自己富于个性、同时也适应时代要求的诗学理论。他认为诗歌应该“言志”、“有物” ,并且“有本” ,应该是真情的自然流露。钱谦益对诗歌的通变规律有较为全面的论述 ,他指出诗歌是“天地变化与人心之精神交相击发”的产物 ,把“适变”视为当时诗歌创作中救衰起弊的有效手段。他甚至将诗道的隆污与世道的盛衰直接关联 ,并进一步把诗看作是一种广义的史。钱谦益的诗歌创作 ,在一定意义上实践了其诗论主张和审美理想。他的诗是他在特定社会历史条件下生活现实的真实写照 ,是他所生活的时代富于典型性的情绪和思想的忠实记录 ,被人赞为“足称诗史”。

Unsteady temperature field of surrounding rock mass in high geothermal roadway during mechanical ventilation

To explore the spatial-temporal evolution law of rock mass temperature in high geothermal roadway during mechar^ical ventilation, a series of experiments were conducted based on the physical simulation test system of thermal and humid environment in high geothermal roadway, which is a method independently developed by China University of Mining and Technology. The results indicate that during ventilation, the disturbed region of the temperature extends gradually from shallow area to deep area in the surrounding rock mass of the roadway. Meanwhile, the temperature increases as the exponential function from shallow area to deep, with steady decrease of the temperature gradient and heat flux. As the ventilation proceeds, the relationship between dimensionless temperature and dimensionless time approximately meets Hill function.