防排烟系统中暖通消防烟气控制的CFD模拟

针对当前方法模拟暖通消防烟气控制效果差的问题,提出防排烟系统中暖通消防烟气控制的CFD模拟方法.通过基本守恒方程分析防排烟系统中烟气及温度场分布特征,建立烟气扩散模拟的数学模型,并采用CFD技术对其进行求解获取模拟结果,结合能量质量守恒定律,通过该模拟结果构建暖通消防烟气控制模型,根据该模型实现暖通消防烟气的优化控制.结果表明,所提方法提高了防排烟系统中暖通消防烟气的控制效果,模拟效果较为理想.

用AVP300型烟支自动通气度仪测定滤嘴棒吸阻

通过对英国菲尔创纳(Filtrona)仪器及自动化有限公司生产的AVP300型烟支自动通气度仪的分析和大量的实验,对仪器进行了局部技术处理,使之所测滤棒吸阻的数据与LJY-1型滤棒压降仪测定的数据基本相同。

烟熏通脊加工工艺研究

烟熏通脊是我厂为丰富肉制品的品种而开发的新产品。采用新鲜猪大排分割下来的外脊,用揉滚腌制,蒸煮干燥加工而成。本工艺简便易行,适合肉制品厂规模生产,产成品率达85％。另外在试销过程中,客户较喜爱,认为制品口感鲜嫩,有烟熏清香风味,深受消费者欢迎,因而具有较好的市场前景。

Smoke distribution in naturally ventilated urban transportation tunnels with multiple shafts

The smoke spreading law of urban transportation tunnels with multiple shafts under natural ventilation is studied.A full-scale burning experiment is conducted in an actual tunnel.The study shows that smoke temperatures below the tunnel ceiling reduce rapidly along the longitudinal towards the tunnel exits. A noticeable temperature stratification is observed near the fire source.Most fire smoke is exhausted out of the shafts while the number of the smoke shafts in the downstream is more than that in the upstream.Large eddy simulation LES based on computational fluid dynamics CFD is carried out using the fire dynamics simulator FDS software with parallel processing in which the grid size of the fire-domain is set to be 0.083 m.The simulation results of temperatures under the ceiling the smoke fronts and the shafts＇smoke exhaust or air supply agree reasonably with the experimental data. Further simulations indicate that the decreasing ambient temperature or shaft spacing might reduce smoke temperatures under the tunnel ceiling and increase mass flow rates out of the shafts.This study provides technical scientific evidence and supports for the design and construction of such kinds of tunnels.

Effects of Different Flue-curing Barns on Aroma Quality of Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of K326

[Objective] This study was conducted to compare the aroma quality of up-per leaves of K326 flue-cured in different barns, and provide theoretical references for the development and optimization of bulk curing barn and the supporting tech-niques. [Method] The upper leaves of K326 were flue-cured in a commonness barn, a four-shelf bulk curing barn and a three-shelf bulk curing barn separately, and then the contents of aroma components and taste quality indices of the finished leaves were measured and compared. [Result] The contents of total aroma components, chromoplast pigment degradation products, phenylalanine aroma components and neophytadiene showed no significant differences in the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn and commonness barn, but were significantly or very significantly higher than those in the leaves flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn. The con-tents of carotenoid degradation products, Mail ard reaction products, cembranes aro-ma components and total aroma components （except neophytadiene） showed no significant difference among the three treatments. The results of sensory evaluation revealed that the sensory taste of the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn was the best, as the finished leaves had rich, delicate aroma, comfortable and clean aftertaste. The leaves flue-cured in commonness barn was better than those flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn in aroma quality, amount and aftertaste. [Conclusion] The four-shelf bulk curing barn had a large volume for tobacco leaf processing, but a similar baking environment to the commonness barn, which is conducive to the formation and accumulation of aroma components, so the finished leaves had similar appearance and quality with those flue-cured in commonness barn. The upper flue-cured leaves in three-shelf bulk curing bran had poorer quality than those flue-cured in the other two barns.

Exploitation of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway for the treatment of epithelial inflammatory diseases

Discoveries in the first few years of the 21st century have led to an understanding of important interactions between the nervous system and the inflammatory response at the molecular level, most notably the acetylcholine （ACh）- triggered,α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR）- dependent nicotinic antinflammatory pathway. Studies using the α7nAChR agonist, nicotine, for the treatment of mucosal inflammation have been undertaken but the efficacy of nicotine as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases remains debatable. Further understanding of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway and other endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms is required in order to develop refined and specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases and conditions, including periodontitis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, and ulcerative colitis.

Numerical Modeling of Exhaust Smoke Dispersion for a Generic Frigate and Comparisons with Experiments

The exhaust smoke dispersion for a generic frigate is investigated numerically through the numerical solution of the governing fluid flow, energy, species and turbulence equations. The main objective of this work is to obtain the effects of the yaw angle velocity ratio and buoyancy on the dispersion of the exhaust smoke The numerical method is based on the fully conserved control-volume representation of the fully elliptic Navier-Stokes equations. Turbulence is modeled using a two-equation （k-ε） model The flow visualization tests using a 1/100 scale model of the frigate in the wind tunnel were also carried out to determine the exhaust plume path and to validatc the computational results. The results show that down wash phenomena occurs for the yaw angles between ψ=10° and 20°. The results with different exhaust gas temperatures show that the buoyancy effect increases with the increasing of the exhaust gas temperature. However, its effect on the plume rise is less significant in comparison with its momentum. A good agreement between the predictions and experiment results is obtained.

Simulation study of blast fume diffusion characters of driving face

Based on FLUENT software, studied the blast fume diffusion characteristics of a driving face under 8 situations, and analyzed the influence to fume diffusion of different drift length and different ventilation pipe outlet positions. Through regression analysis, functions of ventilation time to the drift length and ventilation pipe outlet position was obtained.

Rebamipide suppresses diclofenac-induced intestinal permeability via mitochondrial protection in mice

AIM: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of rebamipide on small intestinal permeability induced by diclofenac in mice. METHODS: Diclofenac (2.5 mg/kg) was administered once daily for 3 d orally. A control group received the vehicle by gavage. Rebamipide (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically once a day for 3 d 4 h after diclofenac administration. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by Evans blue and the FITC-dextran method. The ultrastructure of the mucosal barrier was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial function including mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-reduced (NADH) levels, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATPase activities were measured. Small intestinal mucosa was collected for assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, intestinal permeability was significantly increased in the diclofenac group, which was accompanied by broken tight junctions, and significant increases in MDA content and MPO activity. Rebamipide significantly reduced intestinal permeability, improved inter-cellular tight junctions, and was associated with decreases in intestinal MDA content and MPO activity. At the mitochondrial level, rebamipide increased SDH and ATPase activities, NADH level and decreased mitochondrial swelling. CONCLUSION: Increased intestinal permeability induced by diclofenac can be attenuated by rebamipide, which partially contributed to the protection of mitochondrial function.

Effects of Coordinate Rotation on Turbulent Flux Measurements during Wintertime Haze Pollution in Beijing, China

Eddy-covariance observations from the Beijing 325-m meteorological tower are used to evaluate the effects of coordinate rotation on the turbulent exchange of momentum and scalars during wintertime haze pollution(January-February 2013). Two techniques are used in the present evaluation; namely, the natural wind coordinate(NWC) and the planar fit coordinate(PFC), with the latter being applied by means of two methods for linear regression(i.e., overall and sector-wise). The different techniques show a general agreement in both turbulent fluxes and transport efficiencies, especially evident at the lower, 140-m level above the ground(compared to the higher, 280-m level), perhaps implying that the selection of a technique for coordinate rotation(NWC or PFC) is less of a concern for a sufficiently low level, despite the complexities of urban terrain. Additionally, sector-wise regression is a recommended approach for practical application of the PFC in a complex urban environment subjected to particulate pollution, because this method is found to produce a better correlation between the mean vertical velocity at the 140- and 280-m heights.

Estimate the Ventilation Effect from Wire Mesh Screen Assisted Solar Chimney

In 1750s European houses, chimneys are used to remove smoke and dust particle from the fire place to the ambient. At present the applications of chimneys are extended for house ventilation, which is known as solar chimney assisted ventilation system. In this paper, the effect of wire mesh screen on chimney assisted ventilation system is studied and presented. Natural draft chimney integrated with solar heating system that is known as solar chimney, can be used for building ventilation. Number of research works had been conducted on different types of solar chimney to enhance the building ventilation performance. In this study a solar chimney model is designed and modified with wire mesh screens. An electric heating system is installed in the models to replace the solar absorber in the solar chimney. The airflow rates and the exit air temperatures are also measured and compared for normal chimney and modified chimneys under different heat loads. The performances of the chimneys are evaluated to determine the effects of wire mesh screen on the solar chimney. Experimental results indicated the solar chimney model with 0.64 mm × 0.64 mm pore size wire mesh screen at the exit is able to enhance velocity and the exit air temperature are about 54% and 41%, respectively. It has been concluded that the wire mesh screen has significant effect of model solar chimney and is able to enhance the performance.

Exhaust Ventilation through a Solar Chimney： A Response to High Hermeticity in Welfare Housing

This research reports on potentiality in the solar chimney as an exhaust ventilation device through a hypothetical statement that convenient weather conditions exist on sub-humid warm climate to enhance the performance ofa SC （solar chimney）, in order to increase ventilation to dissipate metabolic heat from inhabitants of airtight buildings. The methodology used in this research integrates the use of simplified mathematical models that predict in a semi-empirical way a potential volume flow through estimation of kinetic power generation, by natural circulation and stack effect in a typical covered-plate air solar collector. The study was carried out during the warm month of April, an important warm season for Colima, where the prevailing wind is about 6.8 m/s, the average temperature of maximums and minimums oscillates between 15.4℃and 34.4 ℃ with average relative humidity of 65% according to national weather service. A scale model of the SC was installed on environmental chambers. The results showed that this device is capable of generating ventilation conditions around light breeze parameters near between 0.6 m/s and 1.5 m/s width, a better performance at day in 45% approximately than the night values, making ventilation rates up 0.24 ACH （air changes per hour） as average air change rate.

Calculation of CO Behavior in the Platform for Deeply Underground Subway Station with Different Fire Strengths

Effect of different fire strengths on the smoke distribution in the subway station is investigated. Shin-Gum-Ho station （line #5） in Seoui is selected as a case study for variation of CO （carbon monoxide） distribution caused by the fire in the platform. The ventilation in the station is set to be an air supply mod in the lobby and an air exhaustion mod in the platform. One-side main tunnel ventilation （7,000 m3/min） is applied to operate in the tunnel. The fire is assumed to break out in the middle of train parked in the platform tunnel. Two kinds of fire strength are used. One is 10 MW and the other is 20 MW. Ventilation diffusers in the station are modeled as 317 square shapes ＆ four rectangular shapes in the lobby and platform. The total of 7.5 million grids is generated and whole domain is divided to 22 blocks for parallel computation. Large eddy simulation method is applied to solve the momentum equation. The behavior of CO is calculated according to different fire strengths and compared with each other.

《沈阳百咏》考释四则

《火炕》暖炕春从一夜生,阿侬有语诉轻轻:愿郎情比山柴火,马粪相将热到明。按:'俗尚暖炕,虽炎夏亦然,以北地寒盛故也。又城市人家多喜烧柴,间有杂用马粪者,热尤倍焉。'清人顾炎武《日知录》:'北人以土为床,而空其下以发火,谓之炕。'关东人,为度过漫长严冬,在室内搭火炕御寒。炕面下是炕洞,是烟道。火炕又叫暖炕。一间屋子,建南北两铺炕,叫对面炕。南炕朝阳长辈住,北炕住晚辈。山墙下,增建窄窄蔓子炕,连接南北二炕,通烟循环。

浅析地下建筑避难走道与疏散走道

对“人防”规范中可供人员疏散的两种走道 ,即避难走道和疏散走道进行了讨论 ,分析了二者关系及异同。另外 ,介绍了工程上对避难走道的另一种提法“防烟通廊”的概念 。

Influence of Sanao Tang on urine volume and expression of aquaporin 2 in rats with respiratory function impairment induced by passive smoking and lipopolysaccharide

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Sanao Tang(SAT) on urine volume and the expression of aquaporin-2(AQP2) in rats with lung dysfunction induced by passive smoking and lipopolysaccharide.METHODS: Totally 45 healthy Specific pathogen Free Wistar Rats were randomized into 3 groups:normal control group, model group and SAT group.A rat model of respiratory dysfunction induced by exposure to cigarette smoking and lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Lavage of decoction of the Chinese medicine was performed for rats in the SAT group. Anires 2005 System was used to analyze the pulmonary function. Urine of rats was collected through metabolism cage method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to determine content of antidiuretic hormone(ADH), angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ), atrial natriuretic factor(ANP), endothelin 1(ET-1), nitric oxide(NO) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in serum, lung and kidney. The expression of AQP2 in rat renal tissue was determined with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR).RESULTS:(a) In comparison with the normal control, It was found that enforced vital capacity(FVC),1-second forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity%(FEV1/FVC%), 24 h urine volume content of NO and PGE2 were decreased, while AQP2 m RNA level and content of ADH, Agn Ⅱ, ANP and ET-1were increased in the model group with statistical significance(P < 0.05).(b) In comparison with the model group, It was found that FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, 24 h urine volume, content of PGE2 and NO decreased, while AQP2 m RNA level, content of ANP,ADH and AngⅡ decreased in the SAT group with statistical significance(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: SAT might effectively regulate the urine volume in the modeled rats; ADH, Ang Ⅱ,ANP, ET-1, NO and PGE2 might play an important role in the regulation on urine volume by lungs.This might be the mechanisms underpinning the function of lung governing water passage in terms of the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

基于信息技术的手机短信服务系统建立与实践

2010年,烟草行业积极推进卷烟经营户网上订货工程,建德烟草作为一个山区县级局(分公司),根据大多卷烟经营户的经营条件及文化素质,有针对性的开展了基于电信移动通信业务的卷烟订货、数据采集、短信数据服务(手机烟E通)进行了探索与研究。本文详细介绍了该系统建立的背景、目的及基本框架、主要内容、建设要求、研究成效及应用前景,为行业今后开展电子商务的全面应用作了一定有益的探索。

The spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound LXM-15 alleviates chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain in mice and rats

In the present study,we aimed to evaluate the effect of the spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound LXM-15 on chronic inflammatory pain and chronic neuropathic pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA)or chronic constriction injury(CCI)in mice and rats.The results showed that administration with LXM-15 significantly reduced paw edema and ankle swelling and increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency after CFA injection in mice.LXM-15 significantly alleviated the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats.The effect was abolished by pretreatment with hexamethonium(a peripheral nAChR antagonist)or methyllycaconitine citrate(anα7 nAChR antagonist).Furthermore,LXM-15 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3,and suppressed the expressions of TNF-αand c-fos in dorsal root ganglia of CCI rats.Collectively,we reported that LXM-15 relieved chronic inflammatory pain in CFA mice and chronic neuropathic pain in CCI rats.The underlying mechanism might be related to the activation of peripheralα7 nicotinic receptor,further inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway,and eventually suppressing the expressions of TNF-αand c-fos.