钙激活氯通道密度调节Anoctamin 1电流作用的研究

目的研究钙激活氯通道(CaCCs)密度对CaCCs蛋白—Anoctamin 1(Ano1)电流特性的调节作用,探讨高表达Ano1促进肿瘤发生的机制。方法瞬时转染Ano1质粒到HEK293细胞,高密度CaCCs通过表达Ano1 24 h获得,低密度CaCCs通过表达Ano16 h获得。膜片钳方法检测钙离子激活的Ano1的全细胞电流。激活电流曲线以指数曲线拟合。结果 Ano1质粒表达6 h的电流密度显著低于表达24 h的电流密度(P<0.05)。在低CaCCs密度时,Ano1的激活电流曲线最适于用单指数拟合,τslow为(292.71±38.11)ms。在高CaCCs密度时,Ano1的激活电流曲线最适于用两指数拟合,τfast为(47.78±4.58)ms;τslow为(385.74±71.44)ms。高CaCCs密度下的Ano1电流比低CaCCs密度下的Ano1电流多了一个快速激活成分(τfast),而高CaCCs密度与低CaCCs密度比较Ano1的τslow差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CaCCs的密度可调节Ano1激活的动力学变化;高表达Ano1可促进CaCCs的激活。

面向数据中心的超高速光模块板级信号完整性研究

【目的】人工智能的高速发展对数据中心算力提出了更高的要求。光模块作为数据中心光/电互连的核心器件,其设计也将迎来巨大挑战。随着光模块速率的不断提升,信号完整性问题成为制约光模块性能不可忽视的瓶颈。因此为了设计出满足数据中心光互连,特别是高性能计算场景速率要求的超高速光模块,需要对光模块内部高速链路进行优化设计。【方法】文章以一款双密度4通道小型可插拔(QSFP-DD)光模块设计方案为例,对光模块中影响信号完整性的因素进行了仿真优化。具体工作为,从理论角度分析了链路上引起信号完整性问题的部分,如过孔和球栅阵列(BGA)焊球,并讨论了优化这些性能的改进方法。特别是分析了针对50 GHz以上频段信号传输的优化方法,使高速链路能实现超高速4阶电平脉冲幅度调制(PAM4)信号低损耗传输。另外,还研究了整体高速通道的传输性能,并利用4端口矢量网络分析仪进行了测试。【结果】研究结果表明,该设计方案能够达到所需的传输带宽并且能有效削弱谐振。全通道仿真结果显示所有通道传输带宽内回波损耗低于-15 dB,插入损耗低于3 dB,可实现224 Gbit/s PAM4信号低损耗传输,同时测试结果与仿真结果基本相符,证明文章所提设计方案能满足数据中心高速光互连对光模块速率的需求。【结论】文章所提光模块信号完整性设计方法对今后超高速光模块设计具有重要的指导意义,同时也可以为其他各类高速电路设计提供参考。

Effects of supersonic fine particles bombarding on thermal barrier coatings after isothermal oxidation

This work was attempted to modify the current technology for thermal barrier coatings（TBCs） by adding an additional step of surface modification,namely,supersonic fine particles bombarding（SFPB） process,on bond coat before applying the topcoat.After isothermal oxidation at 1000 °C for different time,the surface state of the bond coat and its phase transformation were investigated using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry（EDS）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and Cr3＋ luminescence spectroscopy.The dislocation density significantly increases after SFPB process,which can generate a large number of diffusion channels in the area of the surface of the bond coat.At the initial stage of isothermal oxidation,the diffusion velocity of Al in the bond coat significantly increases,leading to the formation of a layer of stable α-Al2O3 phase.A great number of Cr3＋ positive ions can diffuse via diffusion channels during the transient state of isothermal oxidation,which can lead to the presence of（Al0.9Cr0.1）2O3 phase and accelerate the γ→θ→α phase transformation.Cr3＋ luminescence spectroscopy measurement shows that the residual stress increases at the initial stage of isothermal oxidation and then decreases.The residual stress after isothermal oxidation for 310 h reduces to 0.63 GPa compared with 0.93 GPa after isothermal oxidation for 26 h.In order to prolong the lifespan of TBCs,a layer of continuous,dense and pure α-Al2O3 with high oxidation resistance at the interface between topcoat and bond coat can be obtained due to additional SFPB process.

The differential protein and lipid compositions of noncaveolar lipid microdomains and caveolae

Morphologically, caveolae and lipid rafts are two different membrane structures. They are often reported to share similar lipid and protein compositions, and are considered to be two subtypes of membrane lipid microdomains. By modifying sucrose density gradient flotation centrifugation, which is used to isolate lipid microdomains, we were able to separate caveolae and noncaveolar lipid microdomains into two distinct fractions. The caveolar membranes are membrane vesicles of 100-nm diameter, enriched with caveolin-1 and flotillin-1. The noncaveolar lipid microdomains are amorphous membranes and most likely the coalescence of heterogeneous lipid rafts. They are depleted of caveo- lin-1 and are more enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids than the caveolae. Many membrane proteins, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor （membrane receptor）, aquaporin-1 （membrane transporter）, Thy-1 and N- cadherin （glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein and membrane glycoprotein）, are specifically as- sociated with noncaveolar lipid microdomains, but not with caveolae. These results indicate that the lipid and protein compositions of caveolae differ from those of noncaveolar lipid microdomains. The difference in their protein compo- sitions implies that these two membrane microdomains may have different cellular functions.

5.9 GHz Vehicular Channels Comparisons Between Two Traffic Status for Dense Urban Area

This study focused on differences in vehicle-to-vehicle radio channel character- istics in the same region but different traffic density and speeds at 5.9 GHz （congestion and non-congestion）. The continuous measurement campaign was conducted on a city expressway through the complex dense urban area in Wu- hart, China. Small-scale channel characteris- tics including power delay profile, amplitude fading distribution, K-factor, delay spread and Doppler shift were obtained, respectively. Spe- cifically, the cumulative distribution function of root mean square delay spreads and root mean square Doppler spreads in the non-con- gested scenario and congested scenario were all fitted well with Lognormal distribution. We also found out that different intensity of traffic and speed of vehicles have little effect on root mean square delay spreads, but have a big im- pact on root mean square Doppler spreads and level crossing rate. According to estimation outcomes, the V2V channel characteristics for urban areas in Chinese big city were differ- ent from the previous measured results under similar scenarios in Europe. Delay spread and level crossing rate in this study can provide significant references to design the wireless communication system for vehicle-to-vehicle channel.

Jam Formation of Traffic Flow in Harbor Tunnel

This paper reports a study concerning occurrence and growth of traffic jam in a harbor tunnel. The single-lane with three sections （downgrade, fiat, and upgrade） is taken into account and they are characterized with different velocity limit. At the low density, the traffic current increases linearly with density and saturates at some values of immediately density. As the density increases, the traffic jam appears firstly before the upgrade section and then extends to the downgrade section. Additionally, the relationships of the velocity and headway against position in different densities are obta/ned from simulation. These results clearly clarify where and when the traffic jam appears. Finally, the critical densities are derived via the theoretical analysis before and after the discontinuous fronts and the theoretical results are consistent with the critical values of simulation results.

Recent progress and future prospects of sodium-ion capacitors

To satisfy the requirements for various electric systems and energy storage devices with both high energy density and power density as well as long lifespan, sodium-ion capacitors(SICs) consisting of battery anode and supercapacitor cathode, have attracted much attention due to the abundant resources and low cost of sodium source. SICs bridge the gap between the batteries and the supercapacitors,which can be used as competitive candidates for large-scale energy storage. In this review, the battery-type anode materials and the capacitor-type cathode materials are classified and introduced in detail. The advantages of various electrolytes including organic electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes and ion liquid electrolytes are also discussed sequentially. In addition, from the perspective of practical value, the presentations of the SICs at the current situation and the potential application in urban rail are displayed. Finally, the challenge,future research and prospects towards the SICs are put forward.

Harmonically trapped quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gases with synthetic spin-orbit coupling

We study the properties of spin-orbit coupled and harmonically trapped quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gas with tunable s-wave interaction between the two spin species. We adapt an effective two-channel model which takes the excited states occupation in the strongly confined axial direction into consideration by introducing dressed molecules in the closed channel, and use a Bogoliubovde Gennes(BdG) formalism to go beyond local density approximation. We find that both the in-trap phase structure and density distribution can be significantly modified near a wide Feshbach resonance compared with the single-channel model without the dressed molecules. Our findings will be helpful for the experimental search for the topological superfluid phase in ultracold Fermi gases.

Dense gas-particle flow in vertical channel by multi-lattice trajectory model

A multi-lattice deterministic trajectory(MLDT) model is developed to simulate dense gas-particle flow in a vertical channel.The actual inter-particle collision and particle motion are treated by a Lagrangian model with three sets of lattices to reduce computational time.Cluster formation and motion near the wall are successfully predicted with mean particle volume fraction and velocity,showing quantitatively agreement with experimental results.The mechanism of particles concentrated near the wall is investigated by considering effects of gravity,particle-wall collisions,inter-particle collisions and velocity profiles of the gas phase.It is shown that the inter-particle collision and gas-phase velocity distribution are the essential factors for cluster formation near the wall,while gravity and particle-wall collision only have minor effects on particle concentration near the wall.Particles are unable to remain in the high velocity region due to the strong inter-particle collisions,while they tend to stay in the low velocity region for weak inter-particle collisions.In addition,the effects of channel width and particle sizes on cluster formation are also investigated and it is found that particle concentration near the wall reduces with the decrease of channel width and increase of particle size.