The reactions of cationic zirconium oxide clusters （ZrxOy^＋） with ethylene （C2H4） were investigated by using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with a laser ablation/supersonic expansion cluster source. S...The reactions of cationic zirconium oxide clusters （ZrxOy^＋） with ethylene （C2H4） were investigated by using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with a laser ablation/supersonic expansion cluster source. Some hydrogen containing products （ZrO2）xH^＋（x=-1-4） were observed after the reaction. The density functional theory calculations indicate that apart from the common oxygen transfer reaction channel, the hydrogen abstraction channel can also occur in （ZrO2）x^＋＋C2H4, which supports that the observed （ZrO2）xH^＋ may be due to （ZrO2）x^＋＋C2H4→（ZrO2）xH^＋＋C2H3. The rate constants of different reaction channels were also calculated by Rice-Rarnsberger-Kassel-Marcus theory.展开更多
Laser spark obtained by using a conical optics is much more appropriate to form conducting channels in atmosphere. Only two types of lasers are actively considered to be used in forming high-conductivity channels in a...Laser spark obtained by using a conical optics is much more appropriate to form conducting channels in atmosphere. Only two types of lasers are actively considered to be used in forming high-conductivity channels in atmosphere, controlled by laser spark： pulsed sub-microsecond gas and chemical lasers （CO2, DF （deuterium fluoride））, short pulse solid-state and UV （ultraviolet） lasers. Main advantage of short pulse lasers is their ability in forming of super long ionized channels with a characteristic diameter of- 100 mm in atmosphere along the beam propagation direction. At estimated electron densities below 1,016 cm3 in these filaments and laser wavelengths in the range of 0.5-1.0 mm, the plasma barely absorbs laser radiation. In this case, the length of the track composed of many filaments is determined by the laser intensity and may reach many kilometers at a femtosecond pulse energy of-100 mJ. However, these lasers could not be used to form high-conductivity long channels in atmosphere. The ohmic resistance of this type a conducting channels turned out to be very high, and the gas in the channels could not be strongly heated （〈 1 J）. An electric breakdown controlled by radiation of femtosecond solid-state laser was implemented in only at a length of 3 m with a voltage of 2 MV across the discharge gap （670 kV/m）. Not so long ago scientific group from P.N. Lebedev physical institute has improved that result, the discharge gap （-1m） had been broken under KrF laser irradiation when switching high-voltage （up to 390 kV/m） electric discharge by 100-ns UV pulses. Our previous result -16 m long conducting channel controlled by a laser spark at the voltage -3 MV was obtained more than 20 years ago in Russia and Japan by using pulsed CO2 laser with energy -0.5 kJ. An average electric field strength was 〈 190 kV/m. It is still too much for efficient applications.展开更多
We study the effect of decoherence on quantum Monty Hall problem under the influence of amplitude damping, depolarizing, and dephasing channels. It is shown that under the effect of decoherence, there is a Nash equili...We study the effect of decoherence on quantum Monty Hall problem under the influence of amplitude damping, depolarizing, and dephasing channels. It is shown that under the effect of decoherence, there is a Nash equilibrium of the game in case of depolarizing channel for Alice＇s quantum strategy. Whereas in case of dephasing noise, the game is not influenced by the quantum channel. For amplitude damping channel, Bob＇s payoffs are found symmetrical about a decoherence of 50% and the maximum occurs at this value of decoherence for his classical strategy. However, it is worth-mentioning that in case of depolarizing channel, Bob＇s classical strategy remains always dominant against any choice of Alice＇s strategy.展开更多
It was demonstrated that the entanglement evolution of a specially designed quantum state in the bistochastic channel is asymmetric. In this work, we generalize the study of the quantum correlations, including entangl...It was demonstrated that the entanglement evolution of a specially designed quantum state in the bistochastic channel is asymmetric. In this work, we generalize the study of the quantum correlations, including entanglement and quantum discord, evolution asymmetry to various quantum channels. We found that the asymmetry of entanglement and quantum discord only occurs in some special quantum channels, and the behavior of the entanglement evolution may be quite different from the behavior of the quantum discord evolution. To quantum entanglement, in some channels it decreases monotonously with the increase of the quantum channel intensity. In some other channels, when we increase the intensity of the quantum channel, it decreases at first, then keeps zero for some time, and then rises up. To quantum discord, the evolution becomes more complex and you may find that it evolutes unsmoothly at some points. These results illustrate the strong dependence of the quantum correlations evolution on the property of the quantum channels.展开更多
基金VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by the Hundred Talents fund of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20703048, No.20803083, and No.20933008）, the Center for Molecular Science Foundation of Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences （No.CMS-CX200803）, and the National Basic Research Programs of China （No.2006CB932100 and No.2006CB806200）.
文摘The reactions of cationic zirconium oxide clusters （ZrxOy^＋） with ethylene （C2H4） were investigated by using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with a laser ablation/supersonic expansion cluster source. Some hydrogen containing products （ZrO2）xH^＋（x=-1-4） were observed after the reaction. The density functional theory calculations indicate that apart from the common oxygen transfer reaction channel, the hydrogen abstraction channel can also occur in （ZrO2）x^＋＋C2H4, which supports that the observed （ZrO2）xH^＋ may be due to （ZrO2）x^＋＋C2H4→（ZrO2）xH^＋＋C2H3. The rate constants of different reaction channels were also calculated by Rice-Rarnsberger-Kassel-Marcus theory.
文摘Laser spark obtained by using a conical optics is much more appropriate to form conducting channels in atmosphere. Only two types of lasers are actively considered to be used in forming high-conductivity channels in atmosphere, controlled by laser spark： pulsed sub-microsecond gas and chemical lasers （CO2, DF （deuterium fluoride））, short pulse solid-state and UV （ultraviolet） lasers. Main advantage of short pulse lasers is their ability in forming of super long ionized channels with a characteristic diameter of- 100 mm in atmosphere along the beam propagation direction. At estimated electron densities below 1,016 cm3 in these filaments and laser wavelengths in the range of 0.5-1.0 mm, the plasma barely absorbs laser radiation. In this case, the length of the track composed of many filaments is determined by the laser intensity and may reach many kilometers at a femtosecond pulse energy of-100 mJ. However, these lasers could not be used to form high-conductivity long channels in atmosphere. The ohmic resistance of this type a conducting channels turned out to be very high, and the gas in the channels could not be strongly heated （〈 1 J）. An electric breakdown controlled by radiation of femtosecond solid-state laser was implemented in only at a length of 3 m with a voltage of 2 MV across the discharge gap （670 kV/m）. Not so long ago scientific group from P.N. Lebedev physical institute has improved that result, the discharge gap （-1m） had been broken under KrF laser irradiation when switching high-voltage （up to 390 kV/m） electric discharge by 100-ns UV pulses. Our previous result -16 m long conducting channel controlled by a laser spark at the voltage -3 MV was obtained more than 20 years ago in Russia and Japan by using pulsed CO2 laser with energy -0.5 kJ. An average electric field strength was 〈 190 kV/m. It is still too much for efficient applications.
文摘We study the effect of decoherence on quantum Monty Hall problem under the influence of amplitude damping, depolarizing, and dephasing channels. It is shown that under the effect of decoherence, there is a Nash equilibrium of the game in case of depolarizing channel for Alice＇s quantum strategy. Whereas in case of dephasing noise, the game is not influenced by the quantum channel. For amplitude damping channel, Bob＇s payoffs are found symmetrical about a decoherence of 50% and the maximum occurs at this value of decoherence for his classical strategy. However, it is worth-mentioning that in case of depolarizing channel, Bob＇s classical strategy remains always dominant against any choice of Alice＇s strategy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61327901,61490711,61225025,11474268the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.WK2470000018
文摘It was demonstrated that the entanglement evolution of a specially designed quantum state in the bistochastic channel is asymmetric. In this work, we generalize the study of the quantum correlations, including entanglement and quantum discord, evolution asymmetry to various quantum channels. We found that the asymmetry of entanglement and quantum discord only occurs in some special quantum channels, and the behavior of the entanglement evolution may be quite different from the behavior of the quantum discord evolution. To quantum entanglement, in some channels it decreases monotonously with the increase of the quantum channel intensity. In some other channels, when we increase the intensity of the quantum channel, it decreases at first, then keeps zero for some time, and then rises up. To quantum discord, the evolution becomes more complex and you may find that it evolutes unsmoothly at some points. These results illustrate the strong dependence of the quantum correlations evolution on the property of the quantum channels.
