首先回顾了基于海底缆线的海峡水通量观测理论方法的发展历程,对基于电压测量的水通量反演方法进行了梳理,重点阐述了其中的关键观测要素和主要误差来源。为了提升系统可靠性、摒弃外界因素干扰,提出了一种基于感应电流测量的观测方法...首先回顾了基于海底缆线的海峡水通量观测理论方法的发展历程,对基于电压测量的水通量反演方法进行了梳理,重点阐述了其中的关键观测要素和主要误差来源。为了提升系统可靠性、摒弃外界因素干扰,提出了一种基于感应电流测量的观测方法。对比传统方法,分析了本方法的优缺点,评估了基于本方法的海洋观测系统建设需求和可能性。最后应用本系统建立的一个理想海域——青岛胶州湾湾口各类海洋要素的典型取值范围,通过合理的特征尺度估算和量纲分析,估计了基于电流测量的观测系统中的各类设备的参数要求,其中关键测量器材——电流表至少应满足观测量程覆盖10^(–1)~10~1 m A,观测精度大于1μA,取样频率大于1/60 Hz。在电学测量仪器中,适应本系统要求的器材较普遍,可选择的测量仪器种类较丰富。展开更多
In real-life freeway transportation system, a few number of incident observation （very rare event） is available while there are large numbers of normal condition dataset. Most of researches on freeway incident detec...In real-life freeway transportation system, a few number of incident observation （very rare event） is available while there are large numbers of normal condition dataset. Most of researches on freeway incident detection have considered the incident detection problem as classification one. However, because of insufficiency of incident events, most of previous researches have utilized simulated incident events to develop freeway incident detection models. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a wavelet-based Hotelling 7a control chart for freeway incident detection, which integrates a wavelet transform into an abnormal detection method. Firstly, wavelet transform extracts useful features from noisy original traffic observations, leading to reduce the dimensionality of input vectors. Then, a Hotelling T2 control chart describes a decision boundary with only normal traffic observations with the selected features in the wavelet domain. Unlike the existing incident detection algorithms, which require lots of incident observations to construct incident detection models, the proposed approach can decide a decision boundary given only normal training observations. The proposed method is evaluated in comparison with California algorithm, Minnesota algorithm and conventional neural networks. The experimental results present that the proposed algorithm in this paper is a promising alternative for freeway automatic incident detections.展开更多
Eddy Covariance technique(EC) achieves the direct measurement on ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes, and it provides scientific data for accurately assessing ecosystem functions in mitigating global climate c...Eddy Covariance technique(EC) achieves the direct measurement on ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes, and it provides scientific data for accurately assessing ecosystem functions in mitigating global climate change. This paper briefly reviewed the construction and development of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem flux observation and research network(China FLUX), and systematically introduced the design principle and technology of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation system of China FLUX. In addition, this paper summarized the main progress of China FLUX in the ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water exchange and environmental controlling mechanisms, the spatial pattern of carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes and biogeographical mechanisms, and the regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget assessment. Finally, the prospects and emphases of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation of China FLUX are put forward to provide theoretical references for the development of flux observation and research in China.展开更多
文摘首先回顾了基于海底缆线的海峡水通量观测理论方法的发展历程,对基于电压测量的水通量反演方法进行了梳理,重点阐述了其中的关键观测要素和主要误差来源。为了提升系统可靠性、摒弃外界因素干扰,提出了一种基于感应电流测量的观测方法。对比传统方法,分析了本方法的优缺点,评估了基于本方法的海洋观测系统建设需求和可能性。最后应用本系统建立的一个理想海域——青岛胶州湾湾口各类海洋要素的典型取值范围,通过合理的特征尺度估算和量纲分析,估计了基于电流测量的观测系统中的各类设备的参数要求,其中关键测量器材——电流表至少应满足观测量程覆盖10^(–1)~10~1 m A,观测精度大于1μA,取样频率大于1/60 Hz。在电学测量仪器中,适应本系统要求的器材较普遍,可选择的测量仪器种类较丰富。
文摘In real-life freeway transportation system, a few number of incident observation （very rare event） is available while there are large numbers of normal condition dataset. Most of researches on freeway incident detection have considered the incident detection problem as classification one. However, because of insufficiency of incident events, most of previous researches have utilized simulated incident events to develop freeway incident detection models. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a wavelet-based Hotelling 7a control chart for freeway incident detection, which integrates a wavelet transform into an abnormal detection method. Firstly, wavelet transform extracts useful features from noisy original traffic observations, leading to reduce the dimensionality of input vectors. Then, a Hotelling T2 control chart describes a decision boundary with only normal traffic observations with the selected features in the wavelet domain. Unlike the existing incident detection algorithms, which require lots of incident observations to construct incident detection models, the proposed approach can decide a decision boundary given only normal training observations. The proposed method is evaluated in comparison with California algorithm, Minnesota algorithm and conventional neural networks. The experimental results present that the proposed algorithm in this paper is a promising alternative for freeway automatic incident detections.
基金Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of CAS,No.KFJ-SW-STS-169National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31420103917
文摘Eddy Covariance technique(EC) achieves the direct measurement on ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes, and it provides scientific data for accurately assessing ecosystem functions in mitigating global climate change. This paper briefly reviewed the construction and development of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem flux observation and research network(China FLUX), and systematically introduced the design principle and technology of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation system of China FLUX. In addition, this paper summarized the main progress of China FLUX in the ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water exchange and environmental controlling mechanisms, the spatial pattern of carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes and biogeographical mechanisms, and the regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget assessment. Finally, the prospects and emphases of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation of China FLUX are put forward to provide theoretical references for the development of flux observation and research in China.
