基于视频识别的混合非机动车速度分布模型

中国非机动车出行近年来逐渐复兴并形成了复杂的混合交通流动,造成了交通运行和安全问题,因此对混合非机动车速度分布进行准确建模是重要的现实需求。该文首先介绍了利用深度神经网络进行多目标跟踪的数据采集方法,然后输入非机动车道的拍摄视频进行自动识别,高效获取实测数据;在对车速进行统计分析后,通过信息准则确定混合Gauss模型的最优组分,采用期望最大化算法求解模型参数的极大似然估计,并建立模型参数与道路运行状况和统计特征之间的联系。所使用的智能化视频识别方法提高了数据采集效率,求解参数前进行组分选择可以提高建模效率。拟合结果表明:混合Gauss模型对非机动车速度分布的描述比单分布模型更准确。在流动不受阻碍时,混合Gauss模型的结果以非机动车类型划分组分,其参数与速度均值、标准差及各类型车的比例相关;在高峰时,组分划分与根据流动状态进行分类是一致的,其中较快组分的平均速度接近车辆自由流动速度。

浮选柱内矿浆分散特性与气泡速度分布规律研究

浮选柱被广泛应用于煤泥浮选中,而浮选柱的浮选性能受多因素的影响。试验以浮选柱中气泡、颗粒为研究对象,探讨矿浆表观流速及表观气体流速、矿浆浓度、颗粒粒径对矿浆分散特性及气泡速度分布的影响。利用轴向分散模型和停留时间分布(RTD)技术评估矿浆分散数。试验结果表明,矿浆表观流速与表观气体流速、矿浆浓度和颗粒粒径的范围分别为0.007~0.021 m/s、.007~0.021 m/s、1.5~10.89 kg/m^(3)、63.22~507.67 mm时矿浆分散较好。随着表观气体流速、矿浆表观流速及颗粒粒径的增加,矿浆分散数增加,而随着矿浆浓度的增加,混合相黏度增加,矿浆分散数减少。利用速度分布模型探究气泡分散及速度分布特征因子变化,研究发现矿浆浓度的增加使气泡速度分布特征因子增加了35.14%,而气泡运动分散数下降了42.06%。试验结果可以为浮选柱最佳工艺参数选择提供有价值的理论参考。

三维多步FMM射线追踪在正态分布速度地层模型中的应用

三维多步FMM(Fast Marching Method)是一种基于网格追踪多个反射和透射相位的数值算法,通过有限差分法解程函方程来获取地震波走时后,从接收器开始反向沿着射线路径对走时场进行积分来获取射线路径,以精度高、速度快、适应性强、无条件稳定等特点而被广泛应用和研究。三维多步FMM不仅可以解决复杂介质反射波和多次波的射线追踪问题,还可以实现三维各向异性层状介质的多次波射线追踪和波前模拟。为了验证三维多步FMM在复杂模型的稳定性和灵活性,设计了随机正态分布速度地层模型,结果表明,三维多步FMM在正态分布地层模型中进行射线追踪时不仅保留着速度快、精确性高、无条件性稳定的特点,还能在速度界面处进行P波和S波的相位转换,表明了三维多步FMM是一种研究地震波在复杂介质中传播规律的快速有效的方法。!

Characterizing heterogeneity in vehicular traffic speed using two-step cluster analysis

In order to analyze the heterogeneity in vehicular traffic speed, a new method that integrates cluster analysis and probability distribution function fitting is presented. First, for identifying the optimal number of clusters, the two-step cluster method is applied to analyze actual speed data, which suggests that dividing speed data into two clusters can best reflect the intrinsic patterns of traffic flows. Such information is then taken as guidance in probability distribution function fitting. The normal, skew-normal and skew-t distribution functions are used to fit the probability distribution of each cluster respectively, which suggests that the skew-t distribution has the highest fitting accuracy; the second is skew-normal distribution; the worst is normal distribution. Model analysis results demonstrate that the proposed mixture model has a better fitting and generalization capability than the conventional single model. In addition, the new method is more flexible in terms of data fitting and can provide a more accurate model of speed distribution.

Failure mechanism of large-diameter shield tunnels and its effects on ground surface settlements

A new technique for the analysis of the three-dimensional collapse failure mechanism and the ground surface settlements for the large-diameter shield tunnels were presented.The technique is based on a velocity field model using more different truncated solid conical blocks to clarify the multiblock failure mechanism.Furthermore,the shape of blocks between the failure surface and the tunnel face was considered as an entire circle,and the supporting pressure was assumed as non-uniform distribution on the tunnel face and increased with the tunnel embedded depth.The ground surface settlements and failure mechanism above large-diameter shield tunnels were also investigated under different supporting pressures by the finite difference method.

Dark Matter and Other Phenomena in the Framework of Banded Speed Cosmology

The descriptive capabilities of the banded speed cosmological model are shown. In particular, an in-depth analysis related to the actual physical meaning of Planck＇s unit is given in the framework of the banded distribution of physical quantities. From this analysis the richness and flexibility of the model＇s description capabilities is derived, with particular attention devoted to the ability of using the same relationships for describing both microcosm and macrocosm and also young and old universe. Finally the cited descriptive capabilities are used for deriving a very simple and intuitive explanation of the ＂darkness＂ of dark matter.

Analytical Models for Velocity Distributions in Compound Channels with Emerged and Submerged Vegetated Floodplains

The lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocity in open compound channels with emerged and submerged vegetated floodplains were analyzed based on the analytical solution of the depth-integrated Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation with a term to account for the effects of vegetation.The three cases considered for open channels were two-stage rectangular channel with emerged vegetated floodplain,rectangular channel with submerged vegetated corner,and two-stage rectangular channel with submerged vegetated floodplain,respectively.To predict the depth-averaged velocity with submerged vegetated floodplains,we proposed a new method based on a two-layer approach where flow above and through the vegetation layer was described separately.Moreover,further experiments in the two-stage rectangular channel with submerged vegetated floodplain were carried out to verify the results.The analytical solutions of the cases indicated that the corresponding analytical depth-averaged velocity distributions agree well with the simulated and experimental prediction.The analytical solutions of the cases with theoretical foundation and without programming calculation were reasonable and applicable,which were more convenient than numerical simulations.The analytical solutions provided a way for future researches to solve the problems of submerged vegetation and discontinuous phenomenon of depth-averaged velocity at the stage point for compound channels.Understanding the hydraulics of flow in compound channels with vegetated floodplains is very important for supporting the management of fluvial processes.

A Mathematical Model for the Velocity Profile Internally to a Conical Diffuser

The use of diffusers around the horizontal-axis wind turbines has been widely studied since the diffuser improves the power coefficient of the turbine and it is often called DAWTs （diffuser augmented wind turbines）.Turbines using diffuser are called DWATs （Diffuser Augmented Turbines）,and have efficiency bigger than the Betz limit （maximum energy flow extracted = 59.26%）. Thus, this study presents a mathematical model describing the behavior of the velocity profile internally to a diffuser according to the characteristics of flow and geometry of a conical diffuser. The results are compared with experimental data and show good agreement.

Numerical Simulation of Flow in Centrifugal Pump with Complex Impeller

Based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model,three dimensional turbulent flow fields in centrifugal pump with long-mid-short blade complex impeller are calculated and analyzed numerically.The relative velocity and pressure distributions in the flowpart are obtained.It is found that the flow in the passage of the complex impeller is unsymmetrical due to the joint action between volute and impeller.The back-flow region is at inlet of long-blade suction side,near middle part of long-blade pressure side and outlet of short-blade suction side.The flow near volute throat is affected greatly by volute.The relative velocity is large and it is easy to bring back flow at outlet of the complex impeller near volute throat.The static and total pressure rise uniformly from inlet to outlet in the impeller.At impeller outlet,the pressure periodically decreases from pressure side to suction side,and then the static pressure sharply rise near the throat.The experimental results show that the back flow in the impeller has an important influence on the performance of pump.

A unified implicit scheme for kinetic model equations. Part I. Memory reduction technique

A memory reduction technique is proposed for solving stationary kinetic model equations. As implied by an integral solution of the stationary kinetic equation, a velocity distribution function can be reconstructed from given macroscopic variables. Based on this fact, we propose a technique to reconstruct distribution function at discrete level, and employ it to develop an implicit numerical method for kinetic equations. The new implicit method only stores the macroscopic quantities which appear in the collision term, and does not store the distribution functions. As a result, enormous memory requirement for solving kinetic equations is totally relieved. Several boundary conditions, such as, inlet, outlet and isothermal boundaries, are discussed. Some numerical tests demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the technique.The new implicit solver provides nearly identical solution as the explicit kinetic solver, while the memory requirement is on the same order as the Navier–Stokes solver.

PARTICULATE SUSPENSION FLOW INDUCED BY SINUSOIDAL PERISTALTIC WAVES THROUGH ECCENTRIC CYLINDERS： THREAD ANNULAR

This paper describes a new model for obtaining analytical solutions of peristaltic flow through eccentric annuli. A mathematical model of peristaltic pumping of a fluid mixture （as blood model） in a circular eccentric cylinders is presented and it is motivated due to the fact that thread injection is a promising method for placing medical implants within the human body with minimum surgical trauma. For the eccentric annuli, the inner cylinder is rigid and moving with a constant velocity V, and the outer one is hollow flexible cylinder that has a sinusoidal wave traveling down its wall. The coupled differential equations for both the fluid and the particle phases have been solved by using two methods and the expressions for the velocity distribution of fluid and particle phase, flow rate, pressure drop, friction forces at the inner and outer cylinders have been derived. The results obtained are discussed in brief. The significance of the particle concentration and the eccentricity parameter as well as the nature of the basic flow has been well explained.

Net-Baryon and Net-Kaon Rapidity Distributions in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

In this paper,the gluon distribution is extracted from the KLR-AdS/CFT saturation model and used to investigate net-baryon and net-kaon rapidity distributions in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.With the same parameters of the saturation model fitting to HERA data and an χ 2 analysis of the overall constant C,the theoretical results are in good agreement with RHIC data in Au+Au collisions at √ s = 0.2 TeV.Then,we present the predictive results for net-baryon rapidity distributions in central Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energies of √ s = 2.76,3.94,and 5.52 TeV,and give the corresponding values of dN/dy for net-baryon at y = 0.