简谐基础加速度激励下的点阵结构优化设计

航空航天类产品面临愈加剧烈的振动环境,同时对结构的设计也提出了更高的轻量化需求。针对简谐基础加速度激励下的结构振动抑制问题,基于高比强度、比刚度的轻质点阵结构,提出通过优化点阵结构杆件的截面尺寸来降低结构动响应的优化方法。以点阵结构杆件的截面尺寸为设计变量,结构体积为约束,建立简谐基础加速度激励下结构关键点处位移响应最小为优化目标的优化数学模型。采用模态位移法高效求解结构动响应及灵敏度,并通过GCMMA优化算法实现优化问题求解。数值算例和振动实验表明所提出的点阵结构优化方法在保证结构轻量化的同时,能够大幅度降低结构的振动响应。

多个小中间质量隔振最优设计及其性能研究

在限定的重力静变形约束下给出了多个小中间质量隔振装置的最优设计并探讨了其隔振性能。这种装置将经典的双层隔振(the Two-Stage Vibration Isolation i.e.TSVI)所采用的大中间质量用多个分散小质量块代替,因此它具有安装方便和可靠性高等优点。更重要的是,仿真显示,多个小中间质量隔振装置可以削平TSVI的第二个共振峰而且其高频性能几乎与TSVI相同。为简化研究,采用了等质量,等刚度比和固有频率等间距分布假设,另外,无穷维动力系统去近似有限维系统的思想在这里再次显示了其简洁高效的优点,借助于该思想,得到了小中间质量隔振策略最优设计的解析式。最后仿真显示了小中间质量隔振的优越性并揭示了其隔振机理。

扭曲的音响时空——陈晓勇室内乐“Warp”的作曲技法与组织结构分析

本文对陈晓勇室内乐"Warp"中独特的个性化的音乐语言作了一些分析。他在作品中扩大了单音技术的使用范围,以速度为基础的复调手法运用得也极有特点,本文对此作了相关的分析,并对作品中出现的念唱因素以及"Warp"的创作观念作了一些探讨。

半主动控制浮筏隔振系统的开关算法研究

为了弥补浮筏隔振系统的隔振效果在低频段尤其是共振频率附近的不足,引入半主动控制技术。建立半主动控制浮筏隔振系统的动力学模型,以传递至筏体的动能最小为原则,提出算法1;以筏体动能最小且输入能量最小为原则,提出算法2。建立Simulink仿真模型,对无控制和按算法进行控制的基础加速度响应进行仿真。结果表明,采用算法1和算法2对浮筏隔振系统进行开关半主动控制,可明显抑制系统在共振频率附近的基础振动加速度响应。通过试验对仿真结果进行验证,证明了仿真结果的可靠性以及两种算法的有效性。

青少年短跑运动员步频和步幅的训练

向体育强国迈进是我国体育事业不懈追求的目标,在我国竞技体育的发展与其他体育项目相比稍逊一筹的情况下,重视和加强对与青少年短跑训练有着特殊的意义。论述了在青少年的步频和步幅训练的重要性以及从增强和提高步频和步幅的训练方法,为以后创造优异成绩,打下坚实的基础。

Wavelet neural network aerodynamic modeling from flight data based on pso algorithm with information sharing and velocity disturbance

For the accurate description of aerodynamic characteristics for aircraft,a wavelet neural network (WNN) aerodynamic modeling method from flight data,based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with information sharing strategy and velocity disturbance operator,is proposed.In improved PSO algorithm,an information sharing strategy is used to avoid the premature convergence as much as possible;the velocity disturbance operator is adopted to jump out of this position once falling into the premature convergence.Simulations on lateral and longitudinal aerodynamic modeling for ATTAS (advanced technologies testing aircraft system) indicate that the proposed method can achieve the accuracy improvement of an order of magnitude compared with SPSO-WNN,and can converge to a satisfactory precision by only 60 120 iterations in contrast to SPSO-WNN with 6 times precocities in 200 times repetitive experiments using Morlet and Mexican hat wavelet functions.Furthermore,it is proved that the proposed method is feasible and effective for aerodynamic modeling from flight data.

The study of slip line field and upper bound method based on associated flow and non-associated flow rules

At present, associated flow rule of traditional plastic theory is adopted in the slip line field theory and upper bound method of geotechnical materials. So the stress characteristic line conforms to the velocity line. It is proved that geotechnical materials do not abide by the associated flow rule. It is impossible for the stress characteristic line to conform to the velocity line. Generalized plastic mechanics theoretically proved that plastic potential surface intersects the Mohr-Coulomb yield surface with an angle, so that the velocity line must be studied by non-associated flow rule. According to limit analysis theory, the theory of slip line field is put forward in this paper, and then the ultimate beating capacity of strip footing is obtained based on the associated flow rule and the non-associated flow nile individually. These two results are identical since the ultimate bearing capacity is independent of flow role. On the contrary, the velocity fields of associated and non-associated flow rules are different which shows the velocity field based on the associat- ed flow rule is incorrect.

Analysis of Phase Transition in Traffic Flow based on a New Model of Driving Decision

Different driving decisions will cause different processes of phase transition in traffic flow. To reveal the inner mechanism, this paper built a new cellular automaton （CA） model, based on the driving decision （DD）. In the DD model, a driver＇s decision is divided into three stages： decision-making, action, and result. The acceleration is taken as a decision variable and three core factors, i.e. distance between adjacent vehicles, their own velocity, and the preceding vehicle＇s velocity, are considered. Simulation results show that the DD model can simulate the synchronized flow effectively and describe the phase transition in traffic flow well. Further analyses illustrate that various density will cause the phase transition and the random probability will impact the process. Compared with the traditional NaSch model, the DD model considered the preceding vehicle＇s velocity, the deceleration limitation, and a safe distance, so it can depict closer to the driver preferences on pursuing safety, stability and fuel-saving and has strong theoretical innovation for future studies.

Method of calculation of a methane concentration field in gob areas with a known velocity field based on the model of stream tubes

The control equations of gas concentration field in gob areas with a known velocity field are partial differential equations with variable coefficients,whose traditional mathematical calculation methods are very complex.A numerical simulation method can be used to calculate the gas concentration field,but it also needs considerable amounts of computer resources and the relations of gas concentration at different points of the gob area are undefined.Based on the model of stream tubes,the conservation equations of mass and gas components within the stream tube are used to deduce the equations of a gas concentration field in a gob area with a known velocity field.This method of calculation of a gas concentration field is applied in a gob area with a U-type ventilation working face,which suggests that this new method has the virtue of exact calculations is simple to operate and has a clear physical interpretation.

Confined State and Electronic Transport in an Artificial Graphene-Based Tunnel Junction

Artificial graphene structures embedded in semiconductors could open novel routes for studies of electron interactions in 1ow-dimensional systems. We propose a way to manipulate the transport properties of massless Dirac fermions in an artificial graphene-based tunnel junction. Velocity-modulation control of electron wave propagation in the different regions can be regarded as velocity barriers. Transmission probability of electron is affected profoundly by this velocity barrier. We find that there is no confinement for Dirac electron as the velocity ratio ζ is less than 1, but when the velocity ratio is larger than 1 the confined state appears in the continuum band. These localized Dirac electrons may lead to the decreasing of transmission probability.

Video object's behavior analyzing based on motion history image and hidden markov model

A novel method was proposed, which extracted video object＇ s track and analyzed video object＇ s be- havior. Firstly, this method tracked the video object based on motion history image, and obtained the co- ordinate-based track sequence and orientation-based track sequence of the video object. Then the pro- posed hidden markov model （HMM） based algorithm was used to analyze the behavior of video object with the track sequence as input. Experimental results on traffic object show that this method can achieve the statistics of a mass of traffic objects＇ behavior efficiently, can acquire the reasonable velocity behavior curve of traffic object, and can recognize traffic object＇ s various behaviors accurately. It provides a base for further research on video object behavior.

Edge-Weighted Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations

Most existing applications of centroidal Voronoi tessellations(CVTs) lack consideration of the length of the cluster boundaries.In this paper we propose a new model and algorithms to produce segmentations which would minimize the total energy—a sum of the classic CVT energy and the weighted length of cluster boundaries.To distinguish it with the classic CVTs,we call it an Edge-Weighted CVT(EWCVT).The concept of EWCVT is expected to build a mathematical base for all CVT related data classifications with requirement of smoothness of the cluster boundaries.The EWCVT method is easy in implementation,fast in computation,and natural for any number of clusters.

Effect of Traffic Speed on Stresses and Strains in Asphalt Perpetual Pavement

Increasing traffic volumes and loads as well as public expectation for a long-lasting transportation infrastructure have necessitated designing perpetual pavements. The KDOT （Kansas Department of Transportation） conducted a field trial to investigate the suitability of perpetual pavement concept for Kansas highway pavements. The experiment involved construction of four thick pavement structures. To verify the approach of designing perpetual pavements on the basis of an endurance strain limit, the pavements were instrumented with gauges for measuring tensile strains at the bottom of asphalt base layers at various speeds. Pavements were also instrumented with pressure cells to measure stress on the top of subgrade. Pavement response measurements under known vehicle load were performed in August 2006. FWD （Falling-weight deflectometer） was also used to collect deflection data at 15 m intervals on the same date. FWD first-sensor （center） deflections were normalized and corrected to 20 ℃ temperature based on measured mid-depth pavement temperature. The result shows that strain and stress measurements show significant amount of variations. Measurements in the thickest section are the most consistent. The higher the traffic speed, the lower the strains and stresses. The difference between strains and stresses at 30 kmhar and 65 km/hr is higher than the difference between 65 km/hr and 95 kin/hr. This shows the effect of speed on stresses and strains decreases as the speed increases. Softer binder in the asphalt base layer results in lower strains, which confirms that softer binder results in higher fatigue life.

Compression techniques of mechanical vibration signals based on optimal sparse representations

This paper presents the result of an experimental study on the compression of mechanical vibration signals. The signals are collected from both rotating and reciprocating machineries by the accelerometers and a data acquisition （DAQ） system. Four optimal sparse representation methods for compression have been considered including the method of frames （ MOF）, best orthogonal basis （ BOB）, matching pursuit （MP） and basis pursuit （BP）. Furthermore, several indicators including compression ratio （CR）, mean square error （MSE）, energy retained （ER） and Kurtosis are taken to evaluate the performance of the above methods. Experimental results show that MP outperforms other three methods.

Study on the Manufacturing Technology of Directly Metal Forming based on Overlay Welding

Rapid prototyping technology can greatly improve the actual processing industrial prototype; this paper introduces the main principle, characteristics and technology of rapid prototype manufacturing. The current rapid prototype manufacturing products and production problems are analyzed. Because of the direct metal forming process have the characteristic of point by point, surfacing with stack molding manufacturing layer by layer, so it is suitable for complex shape parts two-dimensional or three-dimensional functionally gradient materials manufacturing.

High-finesse displacement sensor and a theoretical accelerometer model based on a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer

A displacement sensor based on the fiber Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity was proposed in this paper. Theoretical and experimental analyses were presented. Displacement resolution was demonstrated by spectrum-domain experiments to obtain the dynamic range of the F-P sensor, and a piezoelectric crystal unit (PZT) was used as the driver. The output signal was modulated by a piezoelectric ceramic ring and demodulated by a phase-locked oscillator. The experimental results show that the displacement resolution of the F-P sensor is less than 5 nm and the dynamic range is more than 100 μm. As acceleration is the second-order differential of displacement, an accelerometer model was proposed using the finite element method (FEM) nd ANSYS software.

An evaluation of the economic,social,and ecological risks of China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railway construction and policy suggestions

The construction of China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railways is a strategic move to promote transportation infrastructure inter-connectivity between these countries, which will accelerate the implementation of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. However, well-planned China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railways demand accurately identifying construction risks, scientifically evaluating risk levels, and mapping the spatial distribution of these risks. Therefore, this study established the integrated risk evaluation model(IREM) to scientifically evaluate the economic, social, and ecological risks of China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railway construction and determine their magnitude and spatial distribution pattern. Based on this analysis, we propose designs for the east and west China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railways and policy suggestions to mitigate construction risks. Suggestions include developing innovative cooperation of the "high-speed railway for resources and market", strengthening communication and technology dissemination, and applying innovative engineering techniques and setting buffers; establishing collaborative prevention and control systems to mitigate the three major ecological risks in the China, Mongolia, and Russia trans-border areas; and promoting economic integration by improving strategic coordination. In summary, this study provides scientific support for designing the China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railways minimizing construction risks.

Temperature effect on translocation speed and capture rate of nanopore-based DNA detection

We study the effects of electrolyte temperature on DNA molecule translocation experimentally without and with a temperature gradient across nanopore membranes.The same temperatures on both electrolyte chambers are first considered.The DNA molecule translocation time is measured to be 2.44 ms at 2°C in both chambers,which is 1.57 times longer than at 20°C.Then the temperature difference effect is characterized in both chambers.The results show that the DNA translocation speed can be slowed down as long as one side temperature is lowered,irrespective of the temperature gradient direction.This indicates that the thermophoretic driving force generated by a temperature gradient has no obvious effect on the threading speed of DNA molecules,while the main reason for the slowed DNA translocation speed is the increased viscosity.Interestingly,the capture rate of DNA molecules is enhanced under a temperature gradient condition,and the capture rate during DNA translocation from hot side at 21°C to cold one at 2°C is 1.7 times larger than that under the condition of both chambers at 20°C.Finally,an optimized configuration is proposed to acquire higher capture rates and lower DNA translocation speeds.

Speedup in adiabatic evolution based quantum algorithms

In this context,we study three different strategies to improve the time complexity of the widely used adiabatic evolution algorithms when solving a particular class of quantum search problems where both the initial and final Hamiltonians are one-dimensional projector Hamiltonians on the corresponding ground state.After some simple analysis,we find the time complexity improvement is always accompanied by the increase of some other "complexities" that should be considered.But this just gives the implication that more feasibilities can be achieved in adiabatic evolution based quantum algorithms over the circuit model,even though the equivalence between the two has been shown.In addition,we also give a rough comparison between these different models for the speedup of the problem.