Numerical Investigations on Dynamic Stall Characteristics of a Finite Wing

The paper examines the dynamic stall characteristics of a finite wing with an aspect ratio of eight in order to explore the 3D effects on flow topology,aerodynamic characteristics,and pitching damping.Firstly,CFD methods are developed to calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of wings.The URANS equations are solved using a finite volume method,and the two-equation k-ωshear stress transport(SST)turbulence model is employed to account for viscosity effects.Secondly,the CFD methods are used to simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of both a static,rectangular wing and a pitching,tapered wing to verify their effectiveness and accuracy.The numerical results show good agreement with experimental data.Subsequently,the static and dynamic characteristics of the finite wing are computed and discussed.The results reveal significant 3D flow structures during both static and dynamic stalls,including wing tip vortices,arch vortices,Ω-type vortices,and ring vortices.These phenomena lead to differences in the aerodynamic characteristics of the finite wing compared with a 2D airfoil.Specifically,the finite wing has a smaller lift slope during attached-flow stages,higher stall angles,and more gradual stall behavior.Flow separation initially occurs in the middle spanwise section and gradually spreads to both ends.Regarding aerodynamic damping,the inboard sections mainly generate unstable loading.Furthermore,sections experiencing light stall have a higher tendency to produce negative damping compared with sections experiencing deep dynamic stall.

土壤重金属污染调查与评估的误区及其改进方法

我国目前对土壤重金属污染调查与评估的方法是分析土壤重金属全量,并对照《GB15618-1995土壤环境质量标准》,得到超标比例和超标倍数等评估结论,不能反映土壤重金属对食品安全和饮用水安全的威胁程度。滇池东岸土壤的研究在分析重金属全量的基础上,通过对土壤中重金属的交换态、碳酸盐结合态(碳酸态)、铁锰氧化物结合态(铁锰态)、有机质硫化态(有机态)、残渣态等分析,评估土壤重金属全量中对农业生产和饮用水水源有威胁的速效态和有效态元素含量,结果显示:研究区土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni安全,Pb、Cd不安全。有针对性地提出环境保护措施,能有效指导农业生产和饮用水水源管理工作。

Cranny density parameters and porosity measured by elastic wave method in quasi-isotropic cranny rock masses

According to the characteristic of elastic waves propagation in medium and the application of elastic waves method in rock mass engineering, the cranny mass with random crannies was regarded as quasi-isotropic cranny mass. In accordance with the rock rupture mechanics, principle of energy balance and Castiglano＇s theorem, the relationship of effective dynamic parameters of elasticity （E, v, G） and cranny density parameters or porosity was put forward. On this basis, through the theory of elastic waves propagation in isotropic medium, the relationship between the elastic wave velocity and cranny density parameters and porosity was set up. The theoretical research results show that, in this kind of cranny rock masses, there is nonlinear relationships between the effective dynamic parameters of elasticity and wave velocities and the cranny density parameter or porosity; and with the increase of cranny density parameter or porosity of cranny rock masses, the effective dynamic modulus and the elastic wave velocities of cranny rock masses will decrease; and at the same time, when the cranny density parameter or porosity is very small, the effective dynamic modulus of elasticity and the elastic wave velocities change with the cranny density parameter, which can explain the sensitivity of effective elastic parameters and elastic wave velocities to cranny rock masses.

Effective loading algorithm associated with explicit dynamic relaxation method for simulating static problems

Based on the fact that a static problem has an equivalent wave speed of infinity and a dynamic problem has a wave speed of finite value, an effective loading algorithm associated with the explicit dynamic relaxation method was presented to produce meaningful numerical solutions for static problems. The central part of the explicit dynamic relaxation method is to turn a time-independent static problem into an artificial time-dependent dynamic problem. The related numerical testing results demonstrate that: (1) the proposed effective loading algorithm is capable of enabling an applied load in a static problem to be propagated throughout the whole system within a given loading increment, so that the time-independent solution of the static problem can be obtained; (2) the proposed effective loading algorithm can be straightforwardly applied to the particle simulation method for solving a wide range of static problems.

Creep behavior of ageing hardened Mg-10Gd-3Y alloy

Tensile creep behaviors of the ageing hardened Mg-10Gd-3Y alloy(referred to GW103)were investigated at temperatures up to 300℃.The extruded-T5 specimen exhibited high creep resistance,i.e.the low steady-state creep rate and long creep rupture time,while the better creep properties were observed in the cast-T6 one.The low steady-state creep rate of 1.71×10- 9s -1is obtained at 200℃and 80 MPa for the extruded-T5 GW103 alloy.In addition,the microstructure development of GW103-T5 alloy was also examined after creep exposure at different temperatures.On the other hand,the stress exponent and activation energy were studied in the temperature range of 200-300℃for the extruded-T5 specimens,and the creep mechanism was also discussed.

Design method of pile-slab structure roadbed of ballastless track on soil subgrade

Pile-slab structure roadbed is a new form of ballastless track for high speed railway. Due to lack of corresponding design code, based on the analysis of its structure characteristics and application requirements, it is proposed to carry out load effect combination according to ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state, and the most unfavorable combination of each state is chosen to carry through design calculation for pile-slab structure. Space model of pile-slab structure can be simplified as a plane flame model, by using the orthogonal test method, and the design parameter of pile-slab structure is optimized. Moreover, based on the engineering background of Suining-Chongqing high-speed railway, the dynamic deformation characteristics of pile-slab structure roadbed are further researched by carrying on the indoor dynamic model test. The test results show that the settlement after construction of subgrade satisfies the requirement of settlement control to build ballastless track on soil subgrade for high-speed railway. Slab structure plays the role of arch shell as load is transmitted from slab to pile, and the vertical dynamic stress of subgrade soil is approximately of ＂K＂ form distribution with the depth. The distribution of pile stress is closely related to soil characteristics, which has an upset triangle shape where the large dynamic stress is at the top. Pile compared with soil shares most dynamic stress. Pile structure expands the depth of the dynamic response of subgrade has limited effect on dynamic response. These results can provide subgrade. and improves the stress of subgrade soil, and the speed of train scientific basis for pile-slab structure roadbed used on soil