影响男子三级跳远成绩的几个关键因素

对世界男子三级跳远优秀运动员的技术进行分析,结果表明:助跑绝对速度和速度利用率、连贯的跑跨跳结合技术以及适合自己的三跳比例与提高三级跳远成绩关系密切。

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Two Superhigh-yield Hybrid Rice

The photosynthetic functions and the sensitivity to photoinhibition were compared between two superhigh_yield hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) Liangyoupeijiu and X07S/Zihui 100, the newly developed from two parental lines and traditional hybrid rice Shanyou 63 developed from three parental lines. The results showed that, as compared to Shanyou 63, the net photosynthetic rate of Liangyoupeijiu and X07S/Zihui 100 was 9.1% and 11.9% higher, the transpiration rate was 37.4% and 31.4% lower, and their water use efficiency was 74.2% and 63.5% higher respectively. After strong light (2 000 μmol photons·m -2 ·s -1 ) treatment for 2 h, the photochemical quantum yield and the photochemical quenching increased by 37.0% and 18.0% respectively in Liangyoupeijiu, 28.3% and 46.2% in X07S/Zihui 100, but decreased a little in Shanyou 63. The non_photochemical quenching decreased in Liangyoupeijiu and X07S/Zihui 100 (about 50%) but increased greatly in Shanyou 63 (about 50%). Better photosynthetic functions, higher water use efficiency and stronger resistance to photoinhibition, may be the physiological basis for the super high_yield of the two hybrid rice under study.

Responses of the seedlings of five dominant tree species in Changbai Mountain to soil water stress

Soil water stress was studied on the potted seedlings of five dominant tree species (Pinus koraienes Sieb.et Zucc., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim, Tilia amurensis Rupr. and Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz) from the broadleaved/Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain. Leaf growth, water transpiration and photosynthesis were compared for each species under three soil moisture conditions: 85%-100% (high water, CK), 65%-85% (Medium water, MW) and 45%-65% (low water, LW) of 37.4% water-holding capacity in field. The results showed that the characteristic of typical drought-resistance of the leaves is significantly developed. The net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of Fraxinus mandshurica were higher in MW than those in CK. But for the other four species, the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in CK were lower than those in MW and LW. The transpiration rate responding to soil moistures varied from species to species.

Comparison of Gas Exchange Characteristic in Leaves of Soybean Varieties with Different Yield Levels

[Objective] The aim was to explore the gases exchange characteristic in leaves of soybean cultivars at different yield levels to provide a certain theories basis for high yield breeding and cultivation of soybean cultivars. [Method] Nine soybean cultivars divided into three yield levels were planted under the same environmental condition. At V4（seedling）,R2（blooming）,R4（pod-bearing）,R6（pod-filling） and R7（maturing） growth stages,the net photosynthetic rate （Pn）,stomatal conductance （Gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） in soybean leaves were measured with Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system. [Result] At all growth stages,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance in leaves of high yield soybean cultivars were significantly higher than low yield soybean cultivars. At V4,R2 and R4 stages,transpiration rate in leaves of high yield soybean cultivars was significantly higher than low yield soybean cultivars; there was no significant difference on transpiration rate in leaves of soybean cultivars at different yield levels at R6 and R7 stage. At V4 and R2 stage,water use efficiency （WUE） in leaves of soybean cultivars at different yield showed a trend of low yield cultivarsmiddle yield cultivarshigh yield cultivars,while it appeared high yield cultivarsmiddle yield cultivarslow yield cultivars at R4,R6 and R7 stage. [Conclusion] The gases exchange capacity in leaves of high yield soybean cultivars was significantly higher than low yield soybean cultivars,which had provided physiological basis of high yield. The net photosynthetic rate could be used as an selection index of high yield soybean.

Changes of Gas Exchanges in Leaves of Different Cultivars of Winter Wheat Released in Different Years

Three winter wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum L.), representatives of those widely cultivated in Beijing over the past six decades, were grown in the same environmental condition, and their physiological features were investigated. Daily changes of net photosynthetic rate (P-n), transpiration (T-r) in different growth stages were measured in order to find the relationship between leaf photosynthesis and yield. Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) of leaf was calculated from P-n/T-r. It is suggested that relationship between photosynthetic rate and yield changed with the developing stages of wheat. High yield wheat cultivar Jingdong 8 (released in the 1990s) had a higher photosynthetic rate ( the maximal P-n increased by 77%) and transpiration rate (the maximal T-r increased by 69%), but a lower WUE than the low yield cultivar Yanda 1817 (released in the 1940s) during the day time at stem elongation stage. However; difference of P-n among the three cultivars changed with wheat growth process. Before 10 o'clock P-n in leaves of Jingdong 8 usually was the highest of the three cultivars, but P-n of Yanda 1817 was the highest after 10 o'clock. At dough ripe stage, P-n in leaves of Yanda. 1817 was the highest among the three cultivars during the whole day. The difference of changing trend of transpiration in three wheat cultivars was similar to P,, but WUE of Yanda 1817 was the highest in those three cultivars, indicating that the higher yield of Jingdong 8 was achieved via a greater consumption of water. Contrary to the cultivars released in the later period, midday depression of photosynthesis was small in Yanda 1817, which might suggest that Yanda 1817 was resistant to photoinhibition. It is possible that photosynthetic potential in leaves of wheat increased as wheat cultivars was improved over the past six decades. However, it became less resistant to photoinhibition.

Corrosion and discharge performance of Mg-9%Al-2.5%Pb alloy as anode for seawater activated battery

To obtain a new kind of Mg?Al?Pb alloy anode material with low content of Pb, the corrosion and discharge behavior of Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb (hereafter in mass fraction) alloy were investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical techniques, and compared with those of Mg?6%Al?5%Pb alloy. The results indicate that Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb alloy exhibits a lower self-corrosion rate and higher utilization efficiency in contrast with Mg?6%Al?5%Pb alloy because of the higher content of Al. As the result of the decrease of Pb content, the discharge activity of Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb alloy is relatively weaker but still meets the requirement of anode. These results reveal that Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb alloy with a low content of Pb can serve as a good candidate for the anode material used in seawater activated battery.

Comparative Studies on Phosphorus Uptake and Growth Kinetics of the Microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis and the Macroalga Ulva pertusa

Short term uptake experiments and long term semicontinuous culture experiments were performed under the condition of phosphorus (P) limitation to estimate and compare the P uptake and growth kinetics of the microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis and the macroalga Ulva pertusa. Two new parameters, the maximum specific uptake rate ( V sp m) and the maximal growth efficiency ( β ), are introduced to achieve uniformity for the comparison of nutrient uptake and growth efficiency between microalgae and macroalgae. T. subcordiformis possesses 3 times lower half saturation uptake constant, 4 times higher maximal growth rate and 20 times higher maximum specific uptake rate than U. pertusa, while U. pertusa possesses 4 times higher maximal growth efficiency than T. subcordiformis.

Fair Data Collection Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks

To solve the slow congestion detection and rate convergence problems in the existing rate control based fair data collection schemes, a new fair data collection scheme is proposed, which is named the improved scheme with fairness or ISWF for short. In ISWF, a quick congestion detection method, which combines the queue length with traffic changes of a node, is used to solve the slow congestion detection problem, and a new solution, which adjusts the rate of sending data of a node by monitoring the channel utilization rate, is used to solve the slow convergence problem. At the same time, the probability selection method is used in ISWF to achieve the fairness of channel bandwidth utilization. Experiment and simulation results show that ISWF can effectively reduce the reaction time in detecting congestion and shorten the rate convergence process. Compared with the existing tree-based fair data collection schemes, ISWF can achieve better fairness in data collection and reduce the transmission delay effectively, and at the same time, it can increase the average network throughput by 9.1% or more.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Photosynthetic Nitrogen use Efficiency in Tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.）

Soil pot experiments were conducted in a greenhouse to examine the effects of different nitrogen （N） supply （low, 0.15 g N/kg; middle, 0.3 g N/kg; and high, 0.6 g N/kg dry soil） on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency （PNUE） of tobacco seedlings （Nicotiana tabacum L. Yunyan 87）. The results showed middle and high N significantly enhanced seedling growth including plant stem and leaf dry weight comparing with low N. High N supply could lead to a dramatic increase in the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco seedlings under low N conditions. There were significant differences in leaf N content between nitrogen treatments. About a 76% increase in leafN content in plants fed by high N resulted in about 43% increase in Rubisco content and 27% in net photosynthetic rate. The non-corresponding increases in photosynthetic rate in tobacco seedlings fed by high N relative to low N resulted from Rubisco activity and/or carboxylation efficiency （CE）. These results indicated that tobacco seedlings under high N application can maintain high net photosynthetic rate （Pn） but lower PNUE, will finally result in a decline in N use efficiency.

Recent progress in studies on polarity of ionic liquids

Although many ionic liquids have been reported, their polarity is not completely understood. Different empirical polarity scales for molecular solvents always lead to different polarity orders when they are applied on ionic liquids. Based on a literature survey, this review summarizes the recent polarity scales of ionic liquids according to the following 4 classes:(1) equilibrium and kinetic rate constants of chemical reactions;(2) empirical polar parameters of ionic liquids;(3) spectral properties of probe molecules;(4) multiparameter approaches. In addition, their interrelations are presented. A systematic understanding of the relationship between different polarity parameters of ionic liquids is of great importance for finding a universal set of parameters that can be used to predict the polarities of ionic liquids quantitatively. The potential utilization of the electron paramagnetic resonance in this field is also addressed.