机械产品设计中的造型学研究

文中分析了机械产品设计中的造型学运用,以产品造型的美学法则为切入点,再以机械产品为主要设计对象,重点分类研究机械产品设计的造型元素特征和设计方法。针对几何造型、工艺造型和仿生造型进行设计分析,研究如何将工业技术和设计艺术结合统一,造就优良的机械产品。

常州旅游工艺品虎头鞋设计中的造型学研究

文章以旅游工艺品造型的形式美法则为切入点,以常州非物质文化遗产虎头鞋产品为设计载体,重点分类研究虎头鞋设计进化的造型元素特征和设计方法.针对几何造型、工艺造型和仿生造型进行设计分析,研究如何将手工技艺与艺术设计统一结合,创新地域特色旅游工艺品新思路.

从基础造型学的视野探讨中国美术之“写意精神”

从基础造型学角度看,中国美术之"写意精神"在当下应包含"写意"的三种造型语言——具象造型求写形得真、变象造型求变形得趣、抽象造型求忘形得意,两个造型语境层次——物象语境与心象语境,三个学理——物理性、画理性、情理性,两个范畴——实践性范畴与理论性范畴。

高校在线开放课程建设的实践与思考——以服装造型学课程为例

在高校的专业课程教学中,借助网络信息技术和平台作为教学工具与素材进行应用是现阶段高校教育创新发展的主要趋势。本文探讨的服装造型学课程是一门对学生理论知识水平的扎实程度要求较高,并同步要求学生具备依托理论知识指导实践应用能力的课程。在课程的具体教学中提升实践课程教学的开放性,引入在线教课程教学模式具有一定的适宜性。高校方面应当分别从在线教育资源与平台的支持、数字化教学工具的融合应用、教师教学综合能力素质的提升三方面入手,探索实践教学的有效路径,在疫情常态化控制的背景下充分发挥出在线开放课程教学模式的积极作用。

造型原理与造型学——兼议造型艺术的基础教学

文章着眼于美术基础教学的实际,提出关于造型学的构想。并从美术的基本属性、基本架构入手展开关于美术一般原理及其架构的认识,且以此为基础,论证了造型学在美术学科中的逻辑定位、作用和意义等相关问题。

用图学造型方法开发新型填料

在化工填料的研究开发工作中，笔者运用图学造型设计方法，应用面材构成理论对化工填料结构形状进行了深入的分析研究，开发出多种断续波纹填料，并已在炼油和化工等领域得到了广泛应用，经济效益显著。

形意——对印尼巴厘岛之“阴阳门”的阐发

本文运用基础造型学原理,以印尼巴厘岛之"阴阳门"为几何形意之阐发对象,认为其形意境界应是《易经·系辞》所言的"形而上者谓之道,形而下者谓之器"。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy cast by metal mould and lost foam casting

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10.1Gd-3.74Y-0.25Zr （mass fraction, %） alloy （GW104 alloy） cast by metal mould casting （MMC） and lost foam casting （LFC） were evaluated, respectively. It is revealed that different forming modes do not influence the phase composition of as-cast alloy. In the as-cast specimens, the microstructures are similar and composed of α-Mg solid solution, eutectic compound of α-Mg＋Mg 24 （Gd, Y） 5 and cuboid-shaped Mg 5 （Gd, Y） phase; whereas the average grain size of the alloy produced by metal mould casting is smaller than that by lost foam casting. The eutectic compound of the alloy is completely dissolved after solution treatment at 525 ℃for 6 h, while the Mg 5 （Gd, Y） phase still exists after solution treatment. After peak-ageing, the lost foam cast alloy exhibits the maximum ultimate tensile strength of 285 MPa, and metal mould cast specimen 325 MPa at room temperature, while the tensile yield strengths of them are comparable. It can be concluded that GW104 alloy cast by lost foam casting possesses similar microstructure and evidently lower mechanical strength compared with metal mould cast alloy, due to slow solidification rate and proneness to form shrinkage porosities during lost foam casting process.

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of sand-cast Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr magnesium alloy

Influence of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of sand-cast Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr magnesium alloy was investigated,and the tensile fracture mechanisms of the studied alloys under different conditions were also discussed.The results show that the optimum T4 and T6 heat treatment conditions for the as-cast Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr alloy are 525°C,8 h and（525°C,8 h）＋（225°C,16 h）,respectively,with regard to the microstructure observation,DSC heating curve and mechanical properties.The hardness,yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr alloy treated by optimum T6 heat treatment are HV91,180 MPa,297 MPa and 7.4%,respectively.Moreover,the Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr alloys under different heat treatment conditions exhibit different tensile fracture modes.

Influence of pouring temperature on solidification behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy

Influence of the pouring temperature ranging from 680 to 780 ℃ on the solidification behavior, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy was investigated. It was found that the nucleation undercooling of the a-Mg phase increased from 2.3 to 6.3 ℃. The average a-Mg grain size increased from 44 to 71 μm, but then decreased to 46 μm. The morphology of the eutectic compound transformed from a continuous network into a discontinuous state and then subsequently into an island-like block. The volume fraction of β-Mg_24RE_5 phase increased and its morphology transformed from particle into rod-like. The increase in pouring temperature increased the solute concentration. YS increased from 138 to 151 MPa, and UTS increased from 186 to 197 MPa. The alloy poured at 750 ℃ had optimal combining strength and ductility. The fracture surface mode transformed from quasi-cleavage crack into transgranular fracture, all plus the dimple-like fracture, with the micro-porosity and the re-oxidation inclusion as major defects. The average a-Mg grain size played a main role in the YS of sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy, besides other factors, i.e. micro-porosity, morphology of eutectic compounds, re-oxidation inclusion and solute concentration.

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics modeling and simulation of foundry filling process

A numerical model of foundry filling process was established based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics（SPH）method.To mimic the constraints that the solid mold prescribes on the filling fluid,a composite treatment to the solid boundaries is elaborately designed.On solid boundary surfaces,boundary particles were set,which exert Lennard-Jones force on approaching fluid particles;inside the solid mold,ghost particles were arranged to complete the compact domain of near-boundary fluid particles.Water analog experiments were conducted in parallel with the model simulations.Very good agreement between experimental and simulation results demonstrates the success of model development.

走向设计的“自由王国”——访王国梁

王国梁：(以下简称王)设计学院成立于2003年10月，它的前身是设计学部．由原来的四个系六个专业发展成现在的八个系十个专业。从学科结构设置来看．区别于造型学部的人形结构，呈球型结构形态，如果把它看成一个地球，那么位于北极的是艺术设计学专业，以其理论性辐射至赤道上的九个专业(视觉传达、多媒休与网页、工业设计、染织、服装、环境艺术、建筑、陶艺与综合设计)，

Mechanical performance of the mixed post-installed connection in low-strength concrete

Due to inadequate bearing capacity of the chemically-planted steel bar in low-strength concrete, a new mixed post-installed connection is proposed using small diameter anchoring steel bars and grouting materials together to anchor the main steel bar. To investigate the feasibility of the proposed post-installed connections, a series of pull-out tests with different anchors were conducted for comparison,including fully adhesive anchors, partially adhesive anchors,grouting material anchoring connection and the new mixed post-installed connection. The experimental results of the single steel bar pull-out test show that the mixed post-installed connection can effectively enhance the bearing capacity of post-installed steel bars in low-strength concrete. The bearing capacity is increased by nearly two times with no cone-type concrete failure compared with the fully adhesive anchor. The results show that adopting the new mixed post-installed connection can ensure that joint performance meets the requirements if the space dimension is available.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 thixoformed alloys in comparison with gravity cast ones using new criterion

The effect of thixoforming process on morphologies of silicon particles that affect fracture mode of A356 alloy was investigated.Microstructure and fracture surfaces of thixoformed samples were investigated by image analyzing technique and scanning electron microscopy.A new combination parameter, called silicon density ratio (SDR) index, was introduced.SDR index approximates the collective effects of morphological characteristics of silicon particles on microstructure transparency of alloy in crossing the dislocation.It is suggested that samples with lower SDR index have superior mechanical properties, especially elongation, and consequently intergranular fracture mode.On the contrary, samples with higher SDR index have inferior mechanical properties and fracture path tends to propagate along the cell boundaries leading to transgranular fracture.

Scheduling Multiple Orders per Job with Multiple Constraints on Identical Parallel Machines

With a comprehensive consideration of multiple product types, past-sequence-dependent （ p-s-d ） setup times, and deterioration effects constraints in processes of wafer fabrication systems, a novel scheduling model of multiple orders per job（MOJ） on identical parallel machines was developed and an immune genetic algorithm（IGA） was applied to solving the scheduling problem. A scheduling problem domain was described. A non-linear mathematical programming model was also set up with an objective function of minimizing total weighted earliness-tardlness penalties of the system. On the basis of the mathematical model, IGA was put forward. Based on the genetic algorithm （GA）, the proposed algorithm （IGA） can generate feasible solutions and ensure the diversity of antibodies. In the process of immunization programming, to guarantee the algorithm＇s convergence performance, the modified rule of apparent tardiness cost with setups （ATCS） was presented. Finally, simulation experiments were designed, and the results indicated that the algorithm had good adaptability when the values of the constraints＇ characteristic parameters were changed and it verified the validity of the algorithm.

Economy Analysis of a Recycle Model of End-of-Life Vehicle

In order to evaluate recycle economy of end-of-life vehicles quantitatively,an economy model based on a recycle model of end-of-life vehicles and recycle cost analysis. With a practical example of recycling engines of end-of-life vehicles ,the validity of the recycle economy model and good recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle engine were justified. It is concluded that ① remanufacture-ability of the part or component of the vehicles; ② the organization and management level of a recycle corporation; ③ policies and regulations of the government are crucial factors to raise the recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle.

Stainless Steel Composite Integrated in Modern Facade Engineering

This paper shows the results of characterising a stainless steel composite material for applications in facade engineering. A number of possible shapes generated with pneumatic stretch forming are presented as a result of simulation studies. In this context a model of a possible facade combined from different shapes is created to show the optical effect of the simulated shapes. Additionally, the manufacturing of a device for pneumatic stretch forming is discussed and first results of transforming the stainless steel composite material with pneumatic stretch forming are shown.

Prediction of Process Trends Based on Neural Networks

In order to catch more process details in chemical processes, adynamic model for prediction of process trends is proposed bymodifying traditional time-series ANN (artificial neural networks)model with impulse response identification means. The applicationresults of the model is briefly discussed.