With the mission of absorption of the capital through urban renovation, AKP （the Justice and Welfare Party） took over the metropolitan municipality administrations in big cities in 1995, and the Government of the Re...With the mission of absorption of the capital through urban renovation, AKP （the Justice and Welfare Party） took over the metropolitan municipality administrations in big cities in 1995, and the Government of the Republic of Turkey in 2002. Together with the 2003 Mass Housing Act, 14 legal regulations were enacted between 2002 and 2008 to expand the field of activity and increase the funds of TOKI （Governmental Mass Housing Administration） which was already established during ANAP （the Motherland Party） Government in 1980s. As a result of those regulations, TOKI, as the ＂latest goddess of the construction myth＂, became the only authorized organization in the field of housing and land production in AKP＇s cities. It acquired new duties from generating profit-oriented projects to protecting historical texture, and it was authorized to make and approve zoning plans for the lands and plots handed over to TOKI of the last government （the Justice and Welfare Party） created as an investor-entrepreneur-contractor-performer group. This paper＇s aim is to indicate the transformation of TOKI foundation during the last twenty years, and also to prove that TOKI, as a governmental profit-oriented design tool, has demolished the unique DNA/morphological textures of the contemporary Turkish big cities by producing low profiled similar architecture and urbanity in the recent past.展开更多
In recent years, the Chinese government has taken lots of measures to expand domestic demand and promote economic growth in response to the financial crisis. Accelerating the construction of indemnificatory housing is...In recent years, the Chinese government has taken lots of measures to expand domestic demand and promote economic growth in response to the financial crisis. Accelerating the construction of indemnificatory housing is one of the most important measures. In order to solve the problem of the insufficient supply of the indemnificatory housing, the government speed up the construction of indemnificatory housing and constantly expand the scale of the construction. With the increase of indemnificatory housing, the problem of construction fund is increasingly highlighted. Large-scale construction of indemnificatory housing in the short term results in large funds pressure. Indemnificatory housing fund has several notable features, it requires a large demand for money and the capital turnover time is quite long. Also, its poor liquidity makes it difficult to get your money out at any time. In this article, the present situation and existing problems of indemnificatory housing are analyzed, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward combining the capital sources of indemnificatory housing, so as to provide reference for indemnificatory housing financing.展开更多
Social imbalance and obsolescence of the built environment has emerged in large sized housing estates in metropolises. In particular, the requirement of such planned housing areas has not matched public service provid...Social imbalance and obsolescence of the built environment has emerged in large sized housing estates in metropolises. In particular, the requirement of such planned housing areas has not matched public service provided by the infrastructure. On not only physical but also social aspect of local communities of this kind of housing area have a lot of problems while it also has a lot of good characteristics. A representative one is that age of the tenants is rising very swiftly and it makes the local community imbalanced. Nowadays many countries including Japan have tackled problems concerning housing estates constructed during the mass housing era and try to search for ways to reactivate so-called new town areas by utilisation of existing environmental resources such as building stock and ample green open space. In Japan many elemental technologies have been developed in order to utilise existing building stock. However, how to combine these technologies and new holistic methods for reactivation are still underdeveloped. Therefore, it is very important to fred these ways and to make a comprehensive plan for rehabilitation of these areas. The first purpose of our study is to develop and clarify how to organise and integrate many kinds of elemental techniques and the holistic measures for the improvement of both social and physical environment in suburban mass housing estates. Subsequently we try to reorganise proper relations between human settlements and the various service provision for those regions. Our last focus is put on searching for new ways to raise the value of existing housing environment. Our conclusion intends to indicate important of the master plan and its execution, where mass housing estates progress for the physical and social improvement.展开更多
Objective： To establish the animal model for the chronic pulmonary embolism and do some research on it. Methods： Pulmonary arteriography by DSA were performed in 6 goats and the stent was released in the infer-pulmo...Objective： To establish the animal model for the chronic pulmonary embolism and do some research on it. Methods： Pulmonary arteriography by DSA were performed in 6 goats and the stent was released in the infer-pulmonary arterary. Arterial blood gas analysis and right heart catheterization were done. After 3 days of embolism, pulmonary arteriography were performed again. After the animal was sacrificed, the right and left infer-pulmonary tissues were prepared and pathologically studied. Results： Stents were smoothly released in 6 animals. Compared with that before embolism, the arterial blood gas showed no difference 10 minutes later and 3 days later of the stent released. The pulmonary angiography showed that the right infra pulmonary artery was partly blocked and the blood could still pass by. 3 d of the embolism later, the stent was placed well and the right pulmonary artery was completely blocked. Compared with that before embolism,the right atrial pressure, ventricular pressure and the pulmonary pressure in 10 rain after embolism did not change much （ P 〉 0.05 ）, while 3 d after embolism, the pressures were obviously changed（P 〈 0.05 ）. There was no atelectasis ,pleural effusion in the right infra lobe in the experimental group. The wall of blood capillary among the alve- olar wall were significantly dilated. Hyperemia and edema were also observed. Lots of monocyte infiltrated. Localized exudates appeared in alveolar. Conclusion： By releasing stent in the pulmonary, the chronic pulmonary embolism model could be established in the animal experiment, and it should have great potential value in the following study.展开更多
In many seismically active regions of the world there are large numbers of masonry buildings. Most of these buildings have not been designed for seismic loads. Recent earthquakes have shown that many of these building...In many seismically active regions of the world there are large numbers of masonry buildings. Most of these buildings have not been designed for seismic loads. Recent earthquakes have shown that many of these buildings are seismically vulnerable and should be considered for retrofitting. Different conventional and unconventional retrofitting techniques are available to increase the strength and/or ductility of unreinforced masonry （URM） walls. This paper reviews and discusses seismic retrofitting of masonry walls with emphasis on the conventional techniques. Retrofitting procedures are discussed with regard to a case study： a stone masonry building in lrpinia region, damaged by the 1980 earthquake. The interventions are evaluated by means of finite elements with a macroelement obtained with a homogenization technique. Linear and nonlinear procedures are compared, and peculiarities of each procedure are shown.展开更多
文摘With the mission of absorption of the capital through urban renovation, AKP （the Justice and Welfare Party） took over the metropolitan municipality administrations in big cities in 1995, and the Government of the Republic of Turkey in 2002. Together with the 2003 Mass Housing Act, 14 legal regulations were enacted between 2002 and 2008 to expand the field of activity and increase the funds of TOKI （Governmental Mass Housing Administration） which was already established during ANAP （the Motherland Party） Government in 1980s. As a result of those regulations, TOKI, as the ＂latest goddess of the construction myth＂, became the only authorized organization in the field of housing and land production in AKP＇s cities. It acquired new duties from generating profit-oriented projects to protecting historical texture, and it was authorized to make and approve zoning plans for the lands and plots handed over to TOKI of the last government （the Justice and Welfare Party） created as an investor-entrepreneur-contractor-performer group. This paper＇s aim is to indicate the transformation of TOKI foundation during the last twenty years, and also to prove that TOKI, as a governmental profit-oriented design tool, has demolished the unique DNA/morphological textures of the contemporary Turkish big cities by producing low profiled similar architecture and urbanity in the recent past.
基金This research work was financially supported by Youth Teacher Fund Project of Shanghai University （Z20001-17-19 （AAYQ17018））, （Z20001-17-15（ZZjq17015））, the Shanghai Board of Education （2016-SHNGE-03ZD ）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project （2013M531157）, and The Ministry of Education of Youth Fund Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research （14YJC790152）
文摘In recent years, the Chinese government has taken lots of measures to expand domestic demand and promote economic growth in response to the financial crisis. Accelerating the construction of indemnificatory housing is one of the most important measures. In order to solve the problem of the insufficient supply of the indemnificatory housing, the government speed up the construction of indemnificatory housing and constantly expand the scale of the construction. With the increase of indemnificatory housing, the problem of construction fund is increasingly highlighted. Large-scale construction of indemnificatory housing in the short term results in large funds pressure. Indemnificatory housing fund has several notable features, it requires a large demand for money and the capital turnover time is quite long. Also, its poor liquidity makes it difficult to get your money out at any time. In this article, the present situation and existing problems of indemnificatory housing are analyzed, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward combining the capital sources of indemnificatory housing, so as to provide reference for indemnificatory housing financing.
文摘Social imbalance and obsolescence of the built environment has emerged in large sized housing estates in metropolises. In particular, the requirement of such planned housing areas has not matched public service provided by the infrastructure. On not only physical but also social aspect of local communities of this kind of housing area have a lot of problems while it also has a lot of good characteristics. A representative one is that age of the tenants is rising very swiftly and it makes the local community imbalanced. Nowadays many countries including Japan have tackled problems concerning housing estates constructed during the mass housing era and try to search for ways to reactivate so-called new town areas by utilisation of existing environmental resources such as building stock and ample green open space. In Japan many elemental technologies have been developed in order to utilise existing building stock. However, how to combine these technologies and new holistic methods for reactivation are still underdeveloped. Therefore, it is very important to fred these ways and to make a comprehensive plan for rehabilitation of these areas. The first purpose of our study is to develop and clarify how to organise and integrate many kinds of elemental techniques and the holistic measures for the improvement of both social and physical environment in suburban mass housing estates. Subsequently we try to reorganise proper relations between human settlements and the various service provision for those regions. Our last focus is put on searching for new ways to raise the value of existing housing environment. Our conclusion intends to indicate important of the master plan and its execution, where mass housing estates progress for the physical and social improvement.
基金supported financially by the Youth Scholar Foundation of city health administration of shanghai(No044Y02)
文摘Objective： To establish the animal model for the chronic pulmonary embolism and do some research on it. Methods： Pulmonary arteriography by DSA were performed in 6 goats and the stent was released in the infer-pulmonary arterary. Arterial blood gas analysis and right heart catheterization were done. After 3 days of embolism, pulmonary arteriography were performed again. After the animal was sacrificed, the right and left infer-pulmonary tissues were prepared and pathologically studied. Results： Stents were smoothly released in 6 animals. Compared with that before embolism, the arterial blood gas showed no difference 10 minutes later and 3 days later of the stent released. The pulmonary angiography showed that the right infra pulmonary artery was partly blocked and the blood could still pass by. 3 d of the embolism later, the stent was placed well and the right pulmonary artery was completely blocked. Compared with that before embolism,the right atrial pressure, ventricular pressure and the pulmonary pressure in 10 rain after embolism did not change much （ P 〉 0.05 ）, while 3 d after embolism, the pressures were obviously changed（P 〈 0.05 ）. There was no atelectasis ,pleural effusion in the right infra lobe in the experimental group. The wall of blood capillary among the alve- olar wall were significantly dilated. Hyperemia and edema were also observed. Lots of monocyte infiltrated. Localized exudates appeared in alveolar. Conclusion： By releasing stent in the pulmonary, the chronic pulmonary embolism model could be established in the animal experiment, and it should have great potential value in the following study.
文摘In many seismically active regions of the world there are large numbers of masonry buildings. Most of these buildings have not been designed for seismic loads. Recent earthquakes have shown that many of these buildings are seismically vulnerable and should be considered for retrofitting. Different conventional and unconventional retrofitting techniques are available to increase the strength and/or ductility of unreinforced masonry （URM） walls. This paper reviews and discusses seismic retrofitting of masonry walls with emphasis on the conventional techniques. Retrofitting procedures are discussed with regard to a case study： a stone masonry building in lrpinia region, damaged by the 1980 earthquake. The interventions are evaluated by means of finite elements with a macroelement obtained with a homogenization technique. Linear and nonlinear procedures are compared, and peculiarities of each procedure are shown.
