Gradient effect of road transportation on economic development in different geomorphic regions

The economic benefits of transport infrastructure investment have been widely accepted.However,the varying influence of road transport development across vertical space has rarely been discussed.Taking Sichuan province in China as case study area where the landform is diverse and complex,administrative counties were categorized into 4 main types:plain counties,hill counties,mountain counties,and plateau counties.Using statistical data during 2006-2014,theperformanceofeconomic development and transport construction level in the four types of counties are discussed.Subsequently,the heterogeneous effect of each grade road on economy was calculated by local regression model(GWR).The results indicate that plain counties largely surpassed the other geomorphic counties in economic development level,while the gradient gap among them was on the decline.Similarly,distribution of transport infrastructure presented a decreasing trend from the low plain counties to high plateau counties.Regional imbalances were mainly reflected in the County road and Village road.Regarding the changes of regional gaps,National&Provincial roads and County roads were constantly expanding,whereas the disparity of Village road was slowly narrowing over time.Particularly noteworthy was the non-stationary economic influence of traffic factors across vertical gradients.On average,National&Provincial roads generated higher benefits in the high elevation regions than the lowlands.In contrast,County road and Village road were found to be more effective in promoting economic development in plains.With regard to local estimates of traffic factors,coefficients in mountain counties exhibited larger fluctuation ranges than other geomorphic units.The conclusions provide a basis for government decisionmaking in a more reasonable construction arrangement of road facilities and sustainable economic development.

State estimation of connected vehicles using a nonlinear ensemble filter

The concept of connected vehicles is with great potentials for enhancing the road transportation systems in the future. To support the functions and applications under the connected vehicles frame, the estimation of dynamic states of the vehicles under the cooperative environments is a fundamental issue. By integrating multiple sensors, localization modules in OBUs(on-board units) require effective estimation solutions to cope with various operation conditions. Based on the filtering estimation framework for sensor fusion, an ensemble Kalman filter(En KF) is introduced to estimate the vehicle's state with observations from navigation satellites and neighborhood vehicles, and the original En KF solution is improved by using the cubature transformation to fulfill the requirements of the nonlinearity approximation capability, where the conventional ensemble analysis operation in En KF is modified to enhance the estimation performance without increasing the computational burden significantly. Simulation results from a nonlinear case and the cooperative vehicle localization scenario illustrate the capability of the proposed filter, which is crucial to realize the active safety of connected vehicles in future intelligent transportation.

A tentative study on security management based on dangerous goods road transportation

The paper conducts analysis on the causes of dangerous goods road transportation accidents by applying analytic technique of security system science - Event Tree Analysis （ETA）. By computing minimum cut and minimal path set of event tree and the important level of elementary event, the paper elicits the results that the factors of causing road transportation accident are multiple and its hazard is great while the paper also elicits the sorting of structural important level of elementary event. The paper offers the security countermeasures for dangerous goods road transportation which plays a vital role in safeguarding dangerous goods road transportation security.

Road Charging in the Czech Republic and EU and External Costs of Transport

In the paper the Czech toll system and its future are presented. E-toll Czech project： Facts and Figures （today） are included and the next steps in the process of developing microwave infrastructure are mentioned. In the event of possible system extension of the roads of the 1st, 2rid and 3rd class （ca 55,000 km）, the satellite technology will be used. The feasibility of such a combination of these two technologies, microwave and satellite, is subject to the compatibility of both systems in terms of the control equipment. For the microwave toll system, economic analyses according to EU directives were prepared for the Czech Ministry of Transport. Special attention is paid to the problems of traffic congestion, noise and damage to the environment, on the basis of the ＂user pays＂ and ＂polluter pays＂ according to the Eurovignette Directive principles. A complete survey of the EU toll system is included in the list of information sources.

The optimization of allocation for emergency resource of Urban rail under network conditions

After Anglicizing emergency resource allocation problem of Zhengzhou rail network, a dynamic programming algorithm is proposed, then make model for the problem, meanwhile searching the optimal solution for allocation of emergency resources with improved dynamic programming algorithm. The resulting optimal solution is accurate, and can be able to provide good decision support for optimal allocation of emergency resources of Zhengzhou rail transportation under network condition, making rail transport operations much safer.

The efficacy of a first aid training course for drivers： an experience from northern Iran

Objective：To evaluate the efficacy of a first aid training course for a group of drivers.Methods：This study comprised 500 drivers,randomly selected from the road transport companies.They underwent a course of first aid training and the results were evaluated at 0-3 and 4-6 months after training.Results：Both quantitative and qualitative improvements were observed in the drivers＇ efficacy in giving first aid.Also the rate of correct interventions was higher at 4-6 months than at 0-3 months.The exception was airway management which was not favorably improved after training.Conclusion：The first aid training course for drivers is beneficial and helpful for prehospital care system in road traffic accidents.

Back-Analysis of the Response of Shield Tunneling by 3D Finite Element Method

This paper presents a numerical back-analysis of the response of a shield tunnel during construction. An important issue in the construction of shallow tunnels, especially in soft ground conditions, is the surface settlement caused by shield tunneling. The tunnel test system with 10 m length, 7 m width and 6.7 m height, which was completed in China in 2009, is a research shield tunnel system. Using shield tunneling technique known as earth pressure balance (EPB) and slurry shield method, it could be excavated in a region consisting of original soft soils, such as silty clay, and different types of underlain soft soils. Based on the test results, the real-life tunnel response can be analyzed by back-analysis technique. The back-analysis technique is adapted to the three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). Parameter analyses are calibrated to study the behavior of the multi-scale diameter tunnel under various conditions. The suggested multi-scale model results show a well agreement between the prediction and the measurement.