遗世长独行 纵心以自适——王绩的处世模式与文化心态探微

贞观十八年,一位“若顽若愚、似矫以激”、欲与世隔绝、我行我素的“斗酒学士”,自感将不久于人世,他反思自己的一生,深叹自己“起家以禄仕,历数职而进一阶.才高位下,免责而已.天子不知,公卿不识,四十、五十无闻焉,于是退归,以酒德游于乡里”的一生,遂自作了这篇墓志铭并序,自剋死日,不久便谢世了.这位遗世长独行、“纵心而自适”的“斗酒学士”就是著名诗人王绩.

绝望的遗世之作──读芥川龙之介的《河童》

芥川龙之介、日本近代首屈一指短篇小说家，新思潮代表，素有“鬼才”之称。怀有“人生比地狱还要地狱“的绝望自杀。悲剧人生在他的风格中留下烙印：怪异、诡谲、奇特，《河童》堪为代表。以虚构的地下黑暗的河童国观照日本现实。从政治、经济、文化、哲学、法律、宗教等各方面对他所体悟到的人生作总清算，忧愤深广堪称日本的《狂人日记》。艺术上有如超现实画面、象征物、哈哈镜；还有包含着阴郁、绝望悲观的黑色幽默。

斐济:遗世独立

踏上这片椰林摇曳的碧绿国土时,正值一年中的雨季末日,空气里残留着浓重的湿热。山不高,却清秀,残阳如血,几分越南的感觉。而且,繁茂的热带丛林散发着一种能让人感受得到慵懒寂静,整个大陆都笼罩在这种深绿色的味道里,与相近的西方国家格格不入,遗世独立。

遗世的腔调

2011年12月21日，一位叫孙璞的84岁老者在乌镇离世。微博上弹出这个消息之后，我愣了几秒．然后暗自喟叹一声，这个笔名叫木心的老人曾经说过：“别人都以死殉道，我以不死殉道。”如今，他终于道行圆满，脱世而去了，只是他那遗世子存的腔调怕是自此而绝了。

云冈石窟世遗地旅游资源经济价值综合评估研究

以云冈石窟世遗地为研究对象,借鉴环境资源价值理论框架,采用调查问卷与实地访谈获取数据资料,构建三级旅游资源经济价值综合评估模型,测算云冈石窟世遗地旅游资源经济价值综合评估值.结果表明:云冈石窟世遗地2019年旅游资源经济价值综合评估值为18×109元,其使用价值远小于非使用价值,非使用价值评估结果从大到小分别为存在价值、遗产价值、选择价值.

The Study on the Heredity and Parental Correlation of the Oil Content of F_5 Generation at High-oil Content Soybean

[Objective]This paper aims to study the heredity and parental correlation of the oil content of the beginning of the generation at highoil content soybean.[Methods]Seven high yield or high-oil content soybean are selected and eight crosses are made according to the NCII design.[Results]The variation of oil content in F5 relates with the difference between parents.The more the differences between both parents have,the more variations of the oil content of F5 become.When the oil content of both parents are high,and the maturating time of them are very different,the probability of high-oil plant in F5 derived from these cross are high.The oil content of F5 generation has negative correlation with the different between both parents and has positive correlation with the oil content of male parent and significant positive correlation with the oil content of female parent and mid-parent.[Conclusions]This study result provide reference for the seedling of High-oil Content Soybean.

读《湖心亭看雪》,品张岱的悲喜人生

通过读《江雪》，懂得了柳宗元的清高与孤傲、郁闷与彷徨；读了《凝碧诗》，懂得了王维身不由己的变节；读了《虞美人》，可以领悟到一个亡国之君的无穷哀怨；读了《湖心亭看雪》，我们也可以窥视出张岱的悲喜人生。

展现一代伟人的思想历程——评新编《孙中山文集》

改革开放二十年来,经社科界孙中山研究领域的开拓和挖掘,出版孙中山遗世的言论、文字,比之以前的所有出版过的专著,更加系统完整。1986年,中华书局出版了由社科院近代史所、广东省社科院、广州中山大学和其他历史学界的专家学者联合主编的《孙中山全集》十一卷本,是迄今出版孙中山遗世文字、专著中,最详细、最具权威性的版本;加之上海出版社出版、耿世雄主编的《孙中山集外集》本。

唐代的“吴中诗派”

“吴中诗派”的活动时期是在唐朝中期的大历、贞元年间,代表人物为皎然、顾况,此外尚有秦系、灵澈、朱放、陆羽、张志和诸人。这七位诗人有以下一些共同特点:一、他们或世籍东吴,或早年即寓居吴会,其主要活动地区都在三吴两浙,有鲜明的地域性。二、他们均未显宦,受过挫折,经历了从有志用世到遗世隐逸的历程,但内心并不反对进取,只是以佯狂自高,于放荡不羁中显露奇崛不平之气。三、他们从大历至贞元一直保持着较密切的关系。尽管他们的作品散佚严重,但七人今仍存相互赠答唱和诗40多首,并常在诗文中互相引为同调,还组织过诗社。

A Framework for Selecting Indicators to Assess the Sustainable Development of the Natural Heritage Site

Sustainable world heritage management represents an approach for managing the resources of a property by integrating environmental, economic, and social issues. It aims to provide sustainable benefits for future generations, while protect the property and minimize the possible adverse social, economic and environmental impacts. Indicators of sustainable development, which summarize information for decision-making, are invaluable to learn the efficiency and effectiveness of property management. Scientists in many fields devised several conceptual models of environmental statistics and indicators, of which, DPSIR (Driving forces – Pressure – State – Impact – Response) is thought to be the best available one in identifying and developing indicators of sustainable development. Based on the DPSIR conceptual model and indicator selection criteria, the present paper proposed a methodology framework for selecting indicators to assess the sustainable development of a natural heritage site. The proposed framework included a multi-level hierarchical structure for various indicators and indexes, a modified DPSIR frame to identify key issues in property management and a set of indicators for evaluating the sustainability in Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries.

Natural Heritage Value of Xinjiang Tianshan and Global Comparative Analysis

Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tianshan according to the World Heritage criteria.Its biological,ecological and aesthetic values,which are of global importance, are documented.It is concluded that Xinjiang Tianshan meets the world heritage criteria(vii)and (ix).Xinjiang Tianshan is compared with other mountain world heritage sites,mountains in Central Asia,the Tianshan Mountains outside China,and with the protected areas of the Tianshan Mountains on the Tentative List for World Heritage Sites,so as to provide objective data for the world heritage application.

Measuring Recreational Value of World Heritage Sites Based on Contingent Valuation Method:A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou

World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation instrument on the basis of tourists′ attitude and preference, to measure the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, one of the World Natural Heritage sites in China, and analyzes the biases in the survey. The results show that: 1) In 2009, Jiuzhaigou′s recreational value was 3.46×108 yuan (RMB), and the per capita Willingness to Pay (WTP) was 137.31 yuan by CVM. Compared with the results of other methods, this result is significantly low. 2) Among the factors that influence Jiuzhaigou tourists′ WTP, psychological perception factors have the greatest effect while demographic and socio-economic characteristics have a small effect on WTP. 3) The virtuality in CVM creates biases both from CVM itself and in the procedures that CVM was implemented. The former includes hypothetical bias, information bias, protest response bias, and strategic bias; and the latter includes the questionnaire design, population and sample definition, sampling and data processing. The paper analyses those biases and illustrates their potential in-fluences on the accuracy of CVM measurement. 4) Although there are various defects in CVM measurement, it is still an effective valuation method.

Measuring Tourist’s Water Footprint in a Mountain Destination of Northwest Yunnan, China

Monitoring and minimizing tourist’s water consumption is essential for the sustainable development of mountain destinations in the world. However, available data and a generally accepted protocol on such measurement are still limited. This study uses water footprint accounting to quantify tourist’s water demand in the Liming valley, a World Heritage site and a rapidly growing tourism destination in Northwest Yunnan, China. Both the water for direct and indirect use is taken into account based on the consumptive behavior of the tourists in the valley. Data were collected through guesthouse monitoring and a tourist survey in the 2005 tourist season. The results indicate that an average tourist leaves behind a footprint of 5.2 m3 on local water resources per day. Food production and waste dilution are the two most important water consumption factors. The results also show tourists consume more water than the local residents on per capita basis. This suggests more commitment is necessary to cope with this stress by individual tourists. Management implications to make water use more sustainable in mountain destinations are derived from this study.

Assessment of prospective hazards resulting from the 2017 earthquake at the world heritage site Jiuzhaigou Valley, Sichuan, China

On August 8, 2017, a Ms = 7.0 magnitude earthquake occurred in the Jiuzhaigou Valley, in Sichuan Province, China(N: 33.20°, E: 103.82°). Jiuzhaigou Valley is an area recognized and listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1992. Data analysis and field survey were conducted on the landslide, collapse, and debris flow gully, to assess the coseismic geological hazards generated by the earthquake using an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), remote-sensing imaging, laser range finders, geological radars, and cameras. The results highlighted the occurrence of 13 landslides, 70 collapses, and 25 potential debris flow gullies following the earthquake. The hazards were classified on the basis of their size and the potential property loss attributable to them. Consequently, 14 large-scale hazards, 30 medium-sized hazards, and 64 small hazards accounting for 13%, 28%, and 59% of the total hazards, respectively, were identified. Based on the variation tendency of the geological hazards that ensued in areas affected by the Kanto earthquake(Japan), Chi-chi earthquake(Taiwan China), and Wenchuan earthquake(Sichuan China), the study predicts that, depending on the rain intensity cycle, the duration of geological hazard activities in the Jiuzhaigou Valley may last over ten years and will gradually decrease for the following five to ten yearsbefore returning to pre-earthquake levels. Thus,necessary monitoring and early warning systems must be implemented to ensure the safety of residents,workers and tourists during the construction of engineering projects and reopening of scenic sites to the public.

Estimation on Aesthetic Value of Tourist Landscapes in a Natural Heritage Site:Kanas National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China

Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.

The Heritage of Herodotus： Travel and Travel Writing in 19th Century Britain

The proliferation of travel literature brought the wider world to the doors of English homes and generated an interest in exotic cultures, ancient civilizations, and foreign wares. The number of travellers and traveller＇s tales greatly increased after the end of the Napoleonic Wars and one destination that was particulary alluring was the biblical land of ancient Egypt. This paper examines British travelers to Egypt and how their published works both revealed and constructed a particular view of Egypt during the 19th century. Travel and travel literature accompanied and even facilitated the developing disciplines of archaeology and Egyptology, increasing the knowledge of and interest in the world of the Ancient Near East. This corpus of writing, often with its accompanying illustrations, also served to create a fabricated illusion of the biblical world, fashioned from both ancient and contemporary Egypt.

Tourism as an Industry in Heritage Site-A Case Study on World Heritage Site of Fujian Tulou

Cultural heritage is seen as a cultural capital. The heritage tourism increases the local employment and income, however, brings some problems at the same time, changing the traditional living way and industrial structure. The sustainability of economic development by tourism is also questioned. Fujian Tulou is a world heritage site in China, inscribed in 2008. The nomination has brought great changes to the sites, especially the flourishing tourism industries by the local communities as well as the tourism companies. The latter also take part in the management of the heritage site and get most of the income. The data in economic areas is analyzed in this study and explains the cultural tourism as a positive drive for the local economy, which contributes little to the life of locals. With the analysis of the changes and benefits from the tourism, we have found that tourism, as a dominant industry, might be a potential negative element for heritage conservation. According to the different situations of sites in Fujian Tulou, a proper planning of management is in need to integrate the tourism, conservation and development.

A Remote Sensing-based Analysis on the Impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on the Core Value of World Nature Heritage Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary

In this study,we used remotely sensed data,GIS modeling,and statistical methods to evaluate the damage caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12,2008) to the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat in the World Nature Heritage Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary (WHSGPS) in China.A landscape ecological analysis found increases of landscape heterogeneity,complexity,and fragmentation in the giant panda habitat after the earthquake.A terrain analysis found that slope and elevation are directly associated with the distribution of the damaged areas.As slope and elevation increase,the size of the damaged area keeps increase until to a peak,and then starts to drop.The total area of the damaged vegetation in our study area is 114.26 km 2,accounting for 3.78% of the study area;30.46% of that 114.26 km 2 is located in the Core Zone of WHSGPS.There are 18.57km 2 of the damaged vegetation located in the identified suitable giant panda habitat,accounting for 1.75% of the total area of suitable giant panda habitats in the study area.Based on these findings,we conclude that the Wenchuan Earthquake does not have significant impact on the WHSGPS as a whole.

From Conservation to Sustainable Development-A Case Study of Angkor World Heritage Site, Cambodia

The World Heritage Committee of UNESCO has called for a strategic commitment from its States Parties to strengthen links between heritage conservation and sustainable development. Fulfilment of this commitment will require integration of the conservation of sites with the sustainable use and management of natural resources in a larger area beyond the boundaries of sites. Identification and demarcation of areas for conserving World Heritage sites and sustainable development of broader regions must derive from an in-depth knowledge of people-environment relationships. The management of Angkor-an iconic World Heritage site -has been primarily focused on conservation and restoration of monuments within the boundaries of the site. However, that focus is now shifting towards addressing environmental, social and economic challenges for sustainable development of the broader landscape described in this paper as the Angkor ecosystem. Angkor has the potential to demonstrate the application of an ecosystem approach to sustainable development--advocated under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. The site could be a laboratory for new research on cultural ecosystem services as a tool for bridging site conservation to the sustainable development of the Siem Reap province where the site is located.

Evaluation on Tourism Ecological Security in Nature Heritage Sites——Case of Kanas Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,China

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices' weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security.