DNATyper^(TM)15与Identifiler^(TM)试剂盒遗传学调查应用比较

目的比较DNATyperTM15和IdentifilerTM试剂盒的遗传学调查应用结果,以评价DNATyperTM15试剂盒的指标和性能。方法用DNATyperTM15和IdentifilerTM试剂盒同时对290份北方汉族群体的血样本进行扩增检测,比较遗传学统计数据。结果DNATyperTM15和IdentifilerTM荧光检测试剂盒中各基因座在汉族群体中的基因型分布均符合Hardy-W e inberg平衡,累积个人识别率和累计非父排除率:DNATyperTM15试剂盒分别为2.66×10-18和0.9999997;IdentifilerTM试剂盒分别为1.28×10-17和0.9999984。且两个试剂盒对相同基因座的频率调查数据一致。结论DNATyperTM15具有较高的个体识别和亲权鉴定能力,对法医学检案和DNA数据库建设具有应用价值。

Zn^(2+)胁迫对麦长管蚜种群生态遗传学的影响

【目的】研究不同浓度Zn2+处理下,麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae生态遗传学参数、抗氧化酶活性和蛋白质含量的变化,为研究种群暴发、综合防治、重金属毒性效应的分子机理及重金属对昆虫种群遗传进化的影响提供理论依据。【方法】用不同浓度Zn2+(0(对照),2.5,5.0,10.0mmol/L)浇灌小麦幼苗,在其叶片上饲养麦长管蚜及其后代,制作F1、F2、F3代的特定时间生命表,分析重金属Zn2+对麦长管蚜生态遗传学参数、抗氧化酶活性和体内蛋白质含量的影响。【结果】Zn2+处理后,麦长管蚜的世代周期在低浓度(2.5mmol/L)时较对照延长,高浓度时(5.0~10.0mmol/L)则较对照显著缩短;种群净增殖率、内禀增长率和周限增长率均显著低于对照,且随Zn2+浓度的增加而降低。Zn2+对麦长管蚜的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有抑制作用,10.0mmol/L Zn2+处理后,CAT活性显著低于对照和2.5mmol/L Zn2+处理;过氧化物酶(POD)活性在各代麦长管蚜之间存在显著差异;2.5mmol/L Zn2+处理后,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较对照显著升高,而5.0和10.0mmol/L Zn2+处理蚜虫后,SOD活性较对照显著降低;除2.5mmol/L Zn2+处理的F1代外,F1、F2、F3的羧酸酯酶(CarE)活性均高于对照。Zn2+处理后,麦长管蚜体内蛋白质含量明显高于对照,不同浓度Zn2+对蛋白质含量的影响显著;F1、F2、F3代麦长管蚜体内的蛋白质含量平均值分别为37.1,42.9,47.9μg/mg,且差异显著。【结论】Zn2+对麦长管蚜的毒害已遗传给后代并在后代中累积,高浓度Zn2+处理的毒害作用比低浓度Zn2+处理强。

Inheritance of Main Morphological Traits and Chemical Parameters＇ Analysis of Oriental Tobacco

This study was conducted to evaluate four different parental oriental varieties with their F1 crosses to estimate inheritance of some morphological traits, such as plant hight, number of leaves, total dry weigh and chemical compounds, especially nicotine and sugars during sun-curing period. The oriental varieties Kozarsko 541, Plovdiv 50 and Krumovgrad 17 from Bulgaria and Basma Xanthi 101 from Greece and their respective crosses with Basma Xanthi 101 were studied. The study was set up in 2014 and 2015 in experimental field of the Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute, Plovdiv, using randomized block design with four replications. Common agricultural practices were applied during the growing season. The result indicated that in hybrid combination with parental varieties Kozarsko 541 and Plovdiv 50, except total dry weight, additive gene effects are important for traits height of plant and number of leaves. Height of plant and number of leaves are inherited partially dominant to parent with higher value and total dry weight inheritance was over dominant. In hybrid combination Krumovgrad 17 x Basma Xanthi 101, inheritance of the plant height and leaves number were over dominant type. Total dry weight is inherited partially dominant. In a word, prevailing mode for inheritance of plant hight and total dry weight was the over dominance and for number of leaves it was partial dominance. In sun-curing with yellowing stage, nicotine decreased and sugars increased in all tested varieties with a highest percentage in variety Kozarsko 541 （nicotine） and Krumovgrad 17 （sugars）.

Effects of Trawl Selectivity and Genetic Parameters on Fish Body Length Under Long-Term Trawling

Long-term fishing pressure affects the biological characteristics of exploited fish stocks. The biological characteristics of hairtail(Trichiurus lepturus) in the East China Sea are unable to recover because of long-term trawling. Fishing induces evolutionary effects on the fish's biological characteristics. Evidence of these changes includes small size at age, a shift to earlier age structure, and early maturation. Natural and artificial selection usually affect the fish's life history. Selection can induce different chances of reproduction, and individual fish can give a different genetic contribution to the next generation. In this study, analysis of time-dependent probability of significance and test of sensitivity were used to explore the effects of fish exploitation rate, mesh size, and heritability with long-term trawling. Results showed that fishing parameters were important drivers to exploited fish population. However, genetic traits altered by fishing were slow, and the changes in biological characteristics were weaker than those caused by fishing selection. Exploitation rate and mesh size exhibited similar evolutionary trend tendency under long-term fishing. The time-dependent probability of significance trend showed a gradual growth and tended to be stable. Therefore, the direction of fishing-induced evolution and successful management of fish species require considerable attention to contribute to sustainable fisheries in China.

Optimal design of structural parameters for shield cutterhead based on fuzzy mathematics and multi-objective genetic algorithm

In order to improve the strength and stiffness of shield cutterhead, the method of fuzzy mathematics theory in combination with the finite element analysis is adopted. An optimal design model of structural parameters for shield cutterhead is formulated,based on the complex engineering technical requirements. In the model, as the objective function of the model is a composite function of the strength and stiffness, the response surface method is applied to formulate the approximate function of objective function in order to reduce the solution scale of optimal problem. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the cutterhead structure design problem and the change rule of the stress-strain with various structural parameters as well as their optimal values were researched under specific geological conditions. The results show that compared with original cutterhead structure scheme, the obtained optimal scheme of the cutterhead structure can greatly improve the strength and stiffness of the cutterhead, which can be seen from the reduction of its maximum equivalent stress by 21.2%, that of its maximum deformation by 0.75%, and that of its mass by 1.04%.