Given the existence of transaction costs,the location of property rights is an important factor in determining the incentives for efficient levels of investment at various levels of the industry.This paper applies som...Given the existence of transaction costs,the location of property rights is an important factor in determining the incentives for efficient levels of investment at various levels of the industry.This paper applies some of the economic theories of property rights and industrial structure to the issues concerning the conservation of biodiversity.Although the expansion of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) systems into the area of genetic resources has increased private investment in R&D process of the agriculture,it does not generate enough incentives for in situ conservation of biodiversity.To solve this economic inefficiency,farmers'rights and other design of incentives and institutional arrangement should be reconsidered.展开更多
Since its entry into the WTO ten years ago, China has been increasingly involved in building new rules to make multilateral trading systems more development- oriented. In the past decade, both developing and developed...Since its entry into the WTO ten years ago, China has been increasingly involved in building new rules to make multilateral trading systems more development- oriented. In the past decade, both developing and developed WTO member nations have debated whether the TRIPS agreement should expand its definition to cover new areas such as genetic resources and traditional knowledge. This article argues that although the genetic resources-based market is huge, developing countries have benefited little from it. Specifically, the current market mechanism and system provide little incentive to developing countries to protect biodiversity. Expanding TRIPS to cover new areas such as genetic resources and traditional knowledge can make multilateral trade fairer and more balanced and will enable developing members to better protect biodiversity.展开更多
基金Project of National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 70773071,Grant No. 71173138)Project of Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education MinistryShandong Soft Science Research Project (Grant No. 2010RKGA3016)
文摘Given the existence of transaction costs,the location of property rights is an important factor in determining the incentives for efficient levels of investment at various levels of the industry.This paper applies some of the economic theories of property rights and industrial structure to the issues concerning the conservation of biodiversity.Although the expansion of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) systems into the area of genetic resources has increased private investment in R&D process of the agriculture,it does not generate enough incentives for in situ conservation of biodiversity.To solve this economic inefficiency,farmers'rights and other design of incentives and institutional arrangement should be reconsidered.
文摘Since its entry into the WTO ten years ago, China has been increasingly involved in building new rules to make multilateral trading systems more development- oriented. In the past decade, both developing and developed WTO member nations have debated whether the TRIPS agreement should expand its definition to cover new areas such as genetic resources and traditional knowledge. This article argues that although the genetic resources-based market is huge, developing countries have benefited little from it. Specifically, the current market mechanism and system provide little incentive to developing countries to protect biodiversity. Expanding TRIPS to cover new areas such as genetic resources and traditional knowledge can make multilateral trade fairer and more balanced and will enable developing members to better protect biodiversity.
