Nocturnal enuresis often causes considerable distress or functional impairment to patient and their parents necessitating a multidisciplinary approach from paediatrician, paediatric nephrologist, urologists and psychi...Nocturnal enuresis often causes considerable distress or functional impairment to patient and their parents necessitating a multidisciplinary approach from paediatrician, paediatric nephrologist, urologists and psychiatrist. Mechanisms of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis are mainly nocturnal polyuria, bladder overactivity and failure to awaken from sleep in response to bladder sensations. Goal oriented and etiology wise treatment includes simple behavioral intervention, conditioning alarm regimen and pharmacotherapy with desmopressin, imipramine and anticholinergic drugs. Symptoms often recurs requiring change over or combination of different modes of treatment.展开更多
Case HistoryYang××,a male middle school student aged16 years,paid his first visit on March 5,1990,withthe chief complaint of bed-wetting for more than tenyears.The patient had got this problem since hischild...Case HistoryYang××,a male middle school student aged16 years,paid his first visit on March 5,1990,withthe chief complaint of bed-wetting for more than tenyears.The patient had got this problem since hischildhood.In better conditions,the bed-wettingoccurred once in several nights;while in worseconditions,it might happen several times a night.Heused to sleep so soundly that was difficult to wakehim up.The condition would tend to become展开更多
Glatiramer acetate （GA） is an immunomodulatory peptide drug used to treat multiple sclerosis. Its treatment effect has been expanded to other autoimmune conditions such as uveoretinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ...Glatiramer acetate （GA） is an immunomodulatory peptide drug used to treat multiple sclerosis. Its treatment effect has been expanded to other autoimmune conditions such as uveoretinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft re- jection and hepatic fibrosis. Here, we report that GA was effective in altering the clinical course of diabetes in cyclo- phosphamide （CY）-potentiated non-obese diabetic （CY-NOD） mice. Treatment with GA significantly reduced the dia- betic rate in the mice and ameliorated insulitis, which coincided with increased CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋ T cell response in treated mice. GA treatment led to increased expression of transcription factor Foxp3 and elevated production of interleukin-4 （IL-4） both in vivo and in vitro. It was evident that the effect of GA on up-regulation of Foxp3 was me- diated partially through IL-4. IL-4 was found to maintain Foxp3 expression and regulatory function of CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T cells （Tregs）. This study provides new evidence that GA has treatment potential for type 1 diabetes through the induction of Tregs and that increased IL-4 production is partially responsible for the enhanced Treg＇s function in GA treatment.展开更多
To introduce the experience of professor JIA Chun-sheng in treatment of primary and simple enuresis. Professor JIA Chun-sheng believes that most children with pediatric enuresis have the manifestation of both spleen d...To introduce the experience of professor JIA Chun-sheng in treatment of primary and simple enuresis. Professor JIA Chun-sheng believes that most children with pediatric enuresis have the manifestation of both spleen deficiency and kidney deficiency, and it is rare that the patients have one of the two kinds of manifestation. The pathogenesis is as follows： kidney yang deficiency and depletion, steaming weakness, and caused by spleen qi deficiency qi deficiency and sinking, and the bladder failing to ensure retention results in failure of body fluids to be stored, so that enuresis is induced. On the basis of the above theory, professor JIA Chun-sheng proposed the treatment rules of ＂nourishing earth and banking up original qi, opening the orifices and awakening the spirit＂, and selected Bǎihuì（百会 GV 20）, Qìhǎi（气海 CV 6）, Guānyuán（关元 CV 4）, Zúsānlǐ（足三里 ST 36）, Sānyīnjiāo（三阴交 SP 6） and Tàixī（太溪 KI 3） as the basic acupoints. Corresponding acupoints were increased or reduced according to different patterns, and good efficacy has been obtained.展开更多
文摘Nocturnal enuresis often causes considerable distress or functional impairment to patient and their parents necessitating a multidisciplinary approach from paediatrician, paediatric nephrologist, urologists and psychiatrist. Mechanisms of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis are mainly nocturnal polyuria, bladder overactivity and failure to awaken from sleep in response to bladder sensations. Goal oriented and etiology wise treatment includes simple behavioral intervention, conditioning alarm regimen and pharmacotherapy with desmopressin, imipramine and anticholinergic drugs. Symptoms often recurs requiring change over or combination of different modes of treatment.
文摘Case HistoryYang××,a male middle school student aged16 years,paid his first visit on March 5,1990,withthe chief complaint of bed-wetting for more than tenyears.The patient had got this problem since hischildhood.In better conditions,the bed-wettingoccurred once in several nights;while in worseconditions,it might happen several times a night.Heused to sleep so soundly that was difficult to wakehim up.The condition would tend to become
文摘Glatiramer acetate （GA） is an immunomodulatory peptide drug used to treat multiple sclerosis. Its treatment effect has been expanded to other autoimmune conditions such as uveoretinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft re- jection and hepatic fibrosis. Here, we report that GA was effective in altering the clinical course of diabetes in cyclo- phosphamide （CY）-potentiated non-obese diabetic （CY-NOD） mice. Treatment with GA significantly reduced the dia- betic rate in the mice and ameliorated insulitis, which coincided with increased CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋ T cell response in treated mice. GA treatment led to increased expression of transcription factor Foxp3 and elevated production of interleukin-4 （IL-4） both in vivo and in vitro. It was evident that the effect of GA on up-regulation of Foxp3 was me- diated partially through IL-4. IL-4 was found to maintain Foxp3 expression and regulatory function of CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T cells （Tregs）. This study provides new evidence that GA has treatment potential for type 1 diabetes through the induction of Tregs and that increased IL-4 production is partially responsible for the enhanced Treg＇s function in GA treatment.
文摘To introduce the experience of professor JIA Chun-sheng in treatment of primary and simple enuresis. Professor JIA Chun-sheng believes that most children with pediatric enuresis have the manifestation of both spleen deficiency and kidney deficiency, and it is rare that the patients have one of the two kinds of manifestation. The pathogenesis is as follows： kidney yang deficiency and depletion, steaming weakness, and caused by spleen qi deficiency qi deficiency and sinking, and the bladder failing to ensure retention results in failure of body fluids to be stored, so that enuresis is induced. On the basis of the above theory, professor JIA Chun-sheng proposed the treatment rules of ＂nourishing earth and banking up original qi, opening the orifices and awakening the spirit＂, and selected Bǎihuì（百会 GV 20）, Qìhǎi（气海 CV 6）, Guānyuán（关元 CV 4）, Zúsānlǐ（足三里 ST 36）, Sānyīnjiāo（三阴交 SP 6） and Tàixī（太溪 KI 3） as the basic acupoints. Corresponding acupoints were increased or reduced according to different patterns, and good efficacy has been obtained.
