探析刘备遗托的底蕴

刘备经过折而不挠的奋斗,白手起家,建立了蜀汉政权,形成了与曹操、孙权三分天下而据其一的格局。当刘蜀政权达到地跨荆、益时,却因操作不当丢失了荆州,使"隆中对策"中钳击中原,进而一统河山的路线图落空了。刘备称帝后,为报关羽之耻而企图恢复荆州,又在夷陵覆军,造成了蜀汉军国力量损失其半的局面。自己也老病不起,于是作了临终安排和遗嘱。笔者认为,刘备遗托意蕴深邃,是根据客观时变而参考的。他深知在自己身后,一统河山是非常玄妙的事,故而把皇权、政权、军权进行了有机分离,对执政理念进行了科学定位,在执政与辅政方面作了合理交待,其目的是为了把现有的国家治理好。若按位操作,蜀汉不会迅速民穷兵疲,仍有富民强国的希望。

“遗托邦”状况:迟到的《杜晚香》

发表于《人民文学》的短篇小说《杜晚香》,是丁玲在新时期的复出之作。20世纪60年代的北大荒女劳模,如同尾大不掉的历史剩余物,代表了革命年代的强悍余音。她的突兀出场,汇聚了转折时代的种种悖反因素,使之成为新时期文学的“刺点”。《杜晚香》的“迟到”出场,在表明新时期文学发生的多面性与复杂性之外,更交织着时代开端处的记忆与失忆、丧失与延异,再现了告别革命语境下留恋革命的“遗托邦”状况。借由《杜晚香》,丁玲跨越革命与后革命间的裂隙,不但挑战一切霸权文化的意识形态规训,也要再造一个事关平等、正义的别样未来图景。

Multi-objective Optimization of Controller for Process with Reverse Response and Dead Time

Due to the difficulty of controlling the process with inverse response and dead time,a Multi-objective Optimization based on Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) method for tuning of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is proposed. The settings of the controller are valued by two criteria,the error between output and reference signals and control moves. An appropriate set of Pareto optimal setting of the PID controller is founded by analyzing the results of Pareto optimal surfaces for balancing the two criteria. A high order process with inverse response and dead time is used to illustrate the results of the proposed method. And the efficiency and robustness of the tuning method are evident compared with methods in recent literature.