Similarities play an important role in the reconstruction of human physical,cultural and technological evolution.The two sites presented in this paper,the Middle Palaeolithic site Lingjing in China Layer 10 and 11 and...Similarities play an important role in the reconstruction of human physical,cultural and technological evolution.The two sites presented in this paper,the Middle Palaeolithic site Lingjing in China Layer 10 and 11 and the Lower Palaeolithic site Schöningen 13Ⅱ-4,the socalled Schöningen Spear Horizon in Germany,show striking similarities.The archaeological record of both sites includes lithic artifacts as well as a very large assemblage of fossil bones.The preservation of the material at both sites is excellent and the faunas encountered at both sites show many similarities.The faunal lists of both sites include a diverse carnivore guild,an elephant species,two different rhinoceros species,two different equids,different cervids and large bovids.Both sites also yielded bone retouchers as well as a unique record of bone hammers that show identical,unusual flaking and percussion damage.These similarities are remarkable if one takes into account the difference in age(ca 200 kaBP)and the geographical distance between the two sites of ca 8000 km.Therefore,we do not assume a close cultural link between the hominin populations active at both sites.The authors assume that the observed similarities show more or less identical,opportunistic hominin behaviour at both sites located in a comparable environment with more or less similar taphonomic conditions.展开更多
It is argued that it has not yet been able to value the historical, philosophical and epistemological travail, represented by the filth and fourth centuries BC of the ancient Greek world, which preceded the highest sc...It is argued that it has not yet been able to value the historical, philosophical and epistemological travail, represented by the filth and fourth centuries BC of the ancient Greek world, which preceded the highest scientific heritage, represented by the so-called golden age of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius, Ⅲ-Ⅱ century BC. Well, it is believed that with our complex concept of tradition of thought within which we insert not only epistemological concepts but also philosophical principles, historical and social frameworks, in stasis or in strong movement, processed by us, it is possible better interpret that happy moment of scientific constructions of the third and second century BC, as a result of the valorization of the deep travail and serious battle that preceded it between the fourth and fifth century BC. It is investigated in particular in our paper the development of astronomical thought between the fifth and fourth centuries BC, in the ancient Greek thought, and at last a particular presumed criticism by Archimedes in his Sandreckoner to Aristarchus.展开更多
Numerous legends are known in Eurasia, in which one or more hunters are trying to get a stag, and then the hunters will find a new homeland, or establish a new cathedral at the location where the deer appeared earlier...Numerous legends are known in Eurasia, in which one or more hunters are trying to get a stag, and then the hunters will find a new homeland, or establish a new cathedral at the location where the deer appeared earlier. According to the structure of the legend, the Eastern legend type is more ancient. In its most archaic version the sole hero spots a doe, who later turns out to be the daughter of a king, later marrying the hero and then they found a new homeland where his people may reproduce. This totemic tradition of the origins can he seen in the Hungarian myths of origin, as well as in the oral ritual texts related to wedding ceremonies which connect Central Eurasia with Europe through the Hun origin myths. The doe appearing in the Eastern Legends is the symbol of the Sun and the ancestress of the culture hero＇s nation. And this symbolic role descends to the cultural heritage of the Christian era later in the person of Virgin Mary. The aim of the paper is to find whether there are any correspondences between the two branches and if there are, the sort is to be determined; furthermore, the purposes of the Hungarian legends are to be sought out about the Miracle Stag in possible relation to the deer legends on the two continents linked together by the Eurasian steppes.展开更多
文摘Similarities play an important role in the reconstruction of human physical,cultural and technological evolution.The two sites presented in this paper,the Middle Palaeolithic site Lingjing in China Layer 10 and 11 and the Lower Palaeolithic site Schöningen 13Ⅱ-4,the socalled Schöningen Spear Horizon in Germany,show striking similarities.The archaeological record of both sites includes lithic artifacts as well as a very large assemblage of fossil bones.The preservation of the material at both sites is excellent and the faunas encountered at both sites show many similarities.The faunal lists of both sites include a diverse carnivore guild,an elephant species,two different rhinoceros species,two different equids,different cervids and large bovids.Both sites also yielded bone retouchers as well as a unique record of bone hammers that show identical,unusual flaking and percussion damage.These similarities are remarkable if one takes into account the difference in age(ca 200 kaBP)and the geographical distance between the two sites of ca 8000 km.Therefore,we do not assume a close cultural link between the hominin populations active at both sites.The authors assume that the observed similarities show more or less identical,opportunistic hominin behaviour at both sites located in a comparable environment with more or less similar taphonomic conditions.
文摘It is argued that it has not yet been able to value the historical, philosophical and epistemological travail, represented by the filth and fourth centuries BC of the ancient Greek world, which preceded the highest scientific heritage, represented by the so-called golden age of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius, Ⅲ-Ⅱ century BC. Well, it is believed that with our complex concept of tradition of thought within which we insert not only epistemological concepts but also philosophical principles, historical and social frameworks, in stasis or in strong movement, processed by us, it is possible better interpret that happy moment of scientific constructions of the third and second century BC, as a result of the valorization of the deep travail and serious battle that preceded it between the fourth and fifth century BC. It is investigated in particular in our paper the development of astronomical thought between the fifth and fourth centuries BC, in the ancient Greek thought, and at last a particular presumed criticism by Archimedes in his Sandreckoner to Aristarchus.
文摘Numerous legends are known in Eurasia, in which one or more hunters are trying to get a stag, and then the hunters will find a new homeland, or establish a new cathedral at the location where the deer appeared earlier. According to the structure of the legend, the Eastern legend type is more ancient. In its most archaic version the sole hero spots a doe, who later turns out to be the daughter of a king, later marrying the hero and then they found a new homeland where his people may reproduce. This totemic tradition of the origins can he seen in the Hungarian myths of origin, as well as in the oral ritual texts related to wedding ceremonies which connect Central Eurasia with Europe through the Hun origin myths. The doe appearing in the Eastern Legends is the symbol of the Sun and the ancestress of the culture hero＇s nation. And this symbolic role descends to the cultural heritage of the Christian era later in the person of Virgin Mary. The aim of the paper is to find whether there are any correspondences between the two branches and if there are, the sort is to be determined; furthermore, the purposes of the Hungarian legends are to be sought out about the Miracle Stag in possible relation to the deer legends on the two continents linked together by the Eurasian steppes.
