读船山遗书有感

隐居志可求。行义乃达道。宣圣未见人。千载徒浩浩。荆衡有船山。逸民迈四皓。一意尊纲维。夷狄必除扫。噩梦与黄书。经纶具大宝。明纪恨难扶。悲愤问穹昊。刺肤感贼忱。畔召绝吴皂。尚论苛古贤。投交易余稿。六籍兼子史。裨疏悉探讨。奋笔废寝食。编述知宁老。沈埋二百年。卒然显遗草。传之满天下。汉宋俱倾倒。姚江莫能方。守溪莫能造。立懦廉顽夫。正气塞苍显。世浊如其雨。公出日杲杲。先进固推崇。

Genetic Diversity of Achnatherum Splendens

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversities of A.splendens from different areas of xinjiang. [Method] The genetic diversities among seven populations and within two populations were analyzed by RAPD. [Result] Genetic clustering results presented that the relationships among populations of A. splendens are directly related with geographic positions, and within population are related with habitats. [Conclusion] RAPD technique can be used to study genetic diversity of A. splendens.

Optimization of Genetic Transformation System of Tobacco K326 Mediated by Agrobacterium

[Objective]The aim was to optimize genetic transformation system in tobacco K326 mediated by Agrobacterium.[Method]The leaf of tobacco aseptic seedling was taken as explants to study the optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system.[Result] The highest transformation efficiency was obtained when the explants were pre-cultured in the medium of MS ＋ 2 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 0.2 mg/L IAA for 2 d,and then infected with Agrobacterium GV3101（OD600 =0.6） for 5 min.The PCR detection proved that npt II gene had been integrated into the regenerated tobacco plants.[Conclusion]A highly efficient genetic transformation system of tobacco leaf mediated by Agrobacterium was established.

清代湖湘闺秀诗人黄婉璚及其诗作

黄婉璚是清代湖湘著名闺秀诗人之一,她自幼聪慧,蕙质兰心,诗词尤为有名。其诗歌以花鸟虫鱼、酬赠唱和之类题材居多,虽然缺乏深广的社会内容,却有独特的艺术气质。黄氏诗歌既有闺秀诗的“秀”和“丽”,又无闺秀诗的脂粉气和柔弱病,总体呈现出清丽雅致的艺术风貌。尤其是她的部分诗作,写景壮观,胸襟开阔,豪迈大气,可谓闺秀诗之别调。

柳宗元与刘禹锡

819年,柳宗元逝世前曾遗书给刘禹锡:“我不幸卒以谪死,以遗草累故人。”刘禹锡遵照他的嘱托,后来终于将其著述编辑成书,使我们今天得以看到《柳河东全集》。从这件事可以看出,他们的友谊是多么的深厚,与李、杜、元、白等之间的交往相比较,其关系之亲密无间,可谓有过之而无不及,成为唐代文学史上盛传的佳话。

Analysis on Genetic Structure of Spartina alterniflora Populations in China Based on EH277045-derived Sequence

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the genetic structure of eight populations of Spartina alterniflora in China at the nuclear DNA level.[Method] The EH277045-derived sequences were amplified from 75 samples in 8 populations and directly sequenced.Nucleotide diversity,haplotype diversity,the mean value of Nei＇s genetic distance,genetic differentiation index FST and other genetic parameters were calculated to estimate the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of S.alterniflora populations in China.[Result] 75 samples were divided into 25 haplotypes by 28 polymorphic sites.Relatively high nucleotide diversity（π=0.011） and haplotype diversity（Hd=0.794） were detected.The mean value of Nei＇s genetic distance and genetic differentiation index FST among eight populations were 0.056 and 0.222,respectively,the Nei＇s genetic distance ranged from 0.000 to 0.189 and FST ranged from 0.000 to 0.444 between each pair of the eight populations.AMOVA result revealed that 79% and 21% of the total genetic variation was partitioned within and among S.alterniflora populations,respectively.[Conclusion] At the nuclear DNA level,there were a relatively high level of genetic diversity and a relatively low level of genetic differentiation among S.alterniflora populations in China,and the genetic diversity existed mainly within rather than among populations.

Genetic Diversity of JUNCAO Germplasms Detected by i PBS Markers

[Objective] This study aimed to carry out a preliminary analysis of genetic diversity of 47 JUNCAO germplasms. [Methods] Twenty-eight iPBS （Intel Primer Binding Site Amplification） primers were firstly used for PCR screening on a subset of four germplasms, of which 11 gave good amplification patterns and were then used for analyzing the DNA of 47 JUNCAO germplasms. [Result] A total of 208 polymorphic DNA fragments were scored among the 47 JUNCAO germplasms from the electrophoresis patterns of the 11 selected iPBS primers. By using the NTSYSpc 2.1 software combined with UPGMA clustering analysis method, the simple matching （SM） coefficient of similarity was calculated among all accessions and ranged from 0.58 to 0.99. The 47 JUNCAO germplasms were clustered into 10 categories at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.67. All the 47 accessions were distinguished from each other. [Conclusion] Our results showed that iPBS markers could be effectively used for genetic diversity analysis of JUNCAO germplasms. This study provides a preliminary theoretical guidance and technical support for the efficient management and utilization of JUNCAO germplasm resources.

Genotypic Difference of Plants in K-Enrichment Capability and the Distribution of K in Plant Rhizosphere

Plant genotypic difference of pot assiu m-enr ich ment capab ility and p ot assi um (K ) d ist rib ut ion at root-soil ioterface of different plant genotypes were studied by using seven plant species and eight varieties oftobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The results indicated that K enrichment capability was: Ethiopian guizotia(Guizotia abyssinica Cass.)>feather cockscomb (Celosia arpentea L.)>alligator alternanthera (Alternantheraphiloxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.)> tobacco>sesbania (Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers.)>wheat (Thticumaestivum L.)>broadbean (Vicia faba L.). Ethiopian guizotia showed very high K-enrichment capability atdifferent soil K levels, and the K content in its dry matter was over 110 mg kg-1 when soil K was fullysupplied, and about 60 mg kg-1 when no K fertilizer was applied. For alligator alternanthera, the capabilityto accumulate K was closely related with its growth medium. When it was grown on soils, both the K contentand K uptake rate of the plant were similar to those of tobacco. Evident K dep1etion was observed in therhizosphere of all plant species, and the depletion rate was related to the capability of K enrichment of plant.

Genetic Diversity of Italian Ryegrass Diploid Cultivars, Revealed by Electrophoretically Detected Genotypes in Phosphoglucose Isomerase （PGI）

Nine diploid cultivars of Italian ryegrass （Lolium multiflorum Lain.） from France （Fortyl, Vertyl and Jericho）, Germany （Ligrande）, United Kingdom （Aber Epic and Aber Mario）, Denmark （Cordelia）, Netherlands （Alamo） and Poland （Tur） were tested with horizontal gel electrophoresis according to one locus （with four alleles） of the PGI enzyme system. One of them, named P4 is typical for the species, therefore can serve as a good marker for hybrids identification. Each cultivar was characterized by frequencies of different phenotypes. They were highly polymorphic （Pg = 0.58 - 0.78） and showed differences in heterozygosity level. The variability within populations （GST = 0.055） was higher than among populations （DST = 0.032）.

Smallest bitter taste receptor (T2Rs) gene repertoire in carnivores

Bitter taste reception is presumably associated with dietary selection, preventing animals from ingesting potentially harmful compounds. Accordingly, carnivores, who encounter these toxic substances less often, should have fewer genes associated with bitter taste reception compared with herbivores and omnivores. To investigate the genetic basis of bitter taste reception, we confirmed bitter taste receptor （T2R） genes previously found in the genome sequences of two herbivores （cow and horse）, two omnivores （mouse and rat） and one carnivore （dog）. We also identified, for the first time, the T2R repertoire from the genome of other four carnivore species （ferret, giant panda, polar bear and cat） and detected 17-20 bitter receptor genes from the five carnivore genomes, including 12-16 intact genes, 0-1 partial but putatively functional genes, and 3-8 pseudogenes. Both the intact T2R genes and the total T2R gene number among carnivores were the smallest among the tested species, supporting earlier speculations that carnivores have fewer T2R genes, herbivores an intermediate number, and onmivores the largest T2R gene repertoire. To further explain the genetic basis for this disparity, we constructed a phylogenetic tree, which showed most of the T2R genes from the five carnivores were one-to-one orthologs across the tree, suggesting that carnivore T2Rs were conserved among mammals. Similarly, the small carnivore T2R family size was likely due to rare duplication events. Collectively, these results strengthen arguments for the connection between T2R gene family size, diet and habit.

Jamu-A Healthy Drink of Indonesia

Jamu is traditional herbal medicine and a healthy drink considered by some Indonesians to be a primary element in their lives. The term ofjamu may be derived from ancient Javanese language ＂Djampi＂ that means a healing method using herb during the era of Ancient Java emerged since the 9th century AD. Jamu is consume either in fresh or in processed one. Some jamu sellers still found carrying their wares, in a basket fastened to their torsos using a sling made of fabric, and visit door to door in local neighborhoods. The name is Jamu gendong. The use of the j amu remains the same as the ancestors did. The visible proof is the use of traditional herbal medicine of various type of ＂medical plants＂, either from the leaves, the fruits, the roots, the flowers or the barks, etc. It is truly back to nature. These herbal medicine had been used since the ancient time up to now, it is largely consumed by people of different levels： lower, middle and upper, in the villages and in the big cities. Jamu as a cultural heritage has a big potential asset of Indonesia and is also one of Indonsia＇s cultural products based on local resources and the creativity of the nation. Indonesia has natural resourses of plants totaling about 30,000 species of flowering plants, which is the third largest in the world after Brazil and Zaire, including 7,000 species of medicinal plants, 940 species one could buy easily readymade jamu packed modernly in the form of powder, pills, capsules, drinking liquid and ointments. Of course there are still jamu shops, which only sell for those have been identified, 283 species are listed as raw materials that are used routinely in the medicine industry. Jamu from time to time has been widely accepted in almost every country in the world. It is not only as a preventive maintenance, but also as a curative treatment for acute and chronic treatment. At present ingredients ofjamu and its preparation spot as required by buyers. Some women are roaming the street to sell jamu, which is a common view across the country. At present time, jamu has also been produced in mass by manufacturers for export, and mostly concerns on quality, consistency, and cleanliness either locally or internationally distributed.

Seed Protein Electrophoresis for Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Festuca pratensis Huds, Local Ecotypes

Fifty two accessions of Festuca pratensis Huds. were analysed of which 18 had been collected in Switzerland and 32 in Bulgaria. SDS-PAGE of seed proteins was implemented to detect genetic variation among ecotype populations using a modification of UPOV method for barley. The modification concerns mainly protein extracting procedure as detailed described in the protocol. The two cultivars Preval and Cosmolit were used as standards. Cluster analyses and correspondence analyses/scatter plot were used as statistic approaches for determining genetic diversity among individual ecotypes and groups of ecotypes. Electrophoretic spectra of proteins show clear differences among local accessions in relation to their origin. In Swiss ecotypes 32 protein fragments were determined whereas in Bulgarian local populations their number was 68. Each of the two eco-groups possesses fragments that appear in all accessions of the group. The number of monomorphic bands within Bulgarian local ecotypes is four whereas their number in Swiss ecotypes is 12. Four monomorphic bands appearing in all proteinograms no difference of eco-groups was identified with Rm values of： 0.43, 0.55, 0.58, 0.82. A higher level of protein band polymorphism was proven in Bulgarian ecotypes in comparison with Swiss ecotypes. Thirty seven polymorphic bands occurred exclusively in the Bulgarian local ecotypes and had a frequency of 0.03 or higher whereas within Swiss ecotypes was detected one unique protein fragment. SDS-PAGE ＂fingerprinting＂ is suggested as a fast and easy approach to differentiate F. pratensis ecotypes by their origin as well for detection of foreign germplasm for inclusion in breeding programs.

Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Polymeric Microparticles Containing Ametryn Herbicide

Agrochemicals have been used throughout the ages to eradicate weeds and pests. Use of agrochemicals is now commonplace, serving as an aid in farming procedures and contributing to greater agricultural production. However, the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals is a cause for concern because they can exert toxic effects on the environment and hence on living beings. This work involved a genotoxic analysis of controlled release formulations of the herbicide ametryn encapsulated in microspheres of poly（hydroxybutyrate） and poly（hydroxybutyrate-co^valerate）. Genotoxicity was analyzed using cytogenetic, micronucleus, comet and Allium cepa assays, as well as molecular analysis. The results showed that the rate of chromosome breakdown caused by unencapsulated ametryn was much higher than that caused by ametryn encapsulated in the polymer microspheres （p 〈 0.05）. This indicates that controlled release delivery systems employing the polymer formulations should be significantly safer for the environment and for living beings.

长辛店机车厂定额专題辯論收效显著

长辛店机車車輛修理工厂过去几年来差不多是每华年就要修改一次定額,总的水平虽逐年有所提高,但一般說来,还是比較落后的。据去年10月末的統計,全厂8个車間1,222人实行了計件工資,平均完成定額237.9％。如机車車間工人平均完成122％,其中有的班組此較突出,完成154％;鍋爐車間煤水車班过去經常完成定額150％以上,改裝煤水車的工时定額为306小时,但实际只用176小时就可以按照質量要求完成。

2006年中山市档案馆档案收集工作成绩斐然

2006年中山市档案馆为了丰富馆藏,确保珍贵档案史料进馆,想方设法通过多种渠道、多种方式加强档案史料的收集工作,且取得了较好的成绩。他们的主要做法是:

Tuina along the meridians combined with Chinese medicine for motor functions and activities of daily living in patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity

Objective： To observe the effect of combining Chinese medicine and tuina along the meridians on motor function and activities of daily living （ADL） in patient with post-stroke upper limb spasticity. Methods： A total of 220 patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity were randomly allocated into a treatment group （n=120） and a control group （n=110）. Patients in the treatment group received tuina along the meridians combined with spasticity-alleviating and collateral-unblocking Chinese medicine, whereas patients in the control group received routine rehabilitation therapy. Patients in both groups were treated for 3 weeks. Then the patients＇ motor function, ADL and muscle tone were evaluated before and after treatment using the FugI-Meyer assessment scale （FMA）, modified Barthel index （MBI） and modified Ashworth scale （MAS）. Results： After treatment, the FMA scores, MBI scores, and muscle （shoulder intortor, elbow flexors and wrist flexors） tones were significantly improved （P〈0.05）, but the improvement was more significant in the treatment group than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Tuina along the meridians combined with spasticity-alleviating and collateral-unblocking Chinese medicine can substantially alleviate muscle tone on the affected side and remarkably improve the patients＇ motor function and ADL.

Study on Heredity Rules of Cyclamen persicum Colors

To identify the theoretic foundation for maintaining and improving high quality varieties and breeding new F1 hybrids, flower color segregation occurred in the offspring in both self-pollination and cross- pollination of varieties of different colors were investigated. The main results indicate that the heredity of Cyclamen persicum color follows both quantitative and qualitative hereditary regularity. All genes can be classified as two groups of the throat-gene and coronal-gene occupying different spots on the chromosome. The colored gene is the dominant gene, while the white gene is the recessive one. The gene groups and their quantity determine the color of cyclamen persicum. And sometimes the throat- gene and the coronal-gene take a recombination, forming a new type of flower.

Genetic diversity and offspring fitness in the red and white fruit color morphs of the wild strawberry Fragaria pentaphylla

Aims Fruit color polymorphisms are widespread in plants,but what maintains them is largely unclear.One hypothesis is that some morphs are preferred by dispersers while others have higher pre-or postdispersal fitness.This leads to the prediction that fruit color morphs will differ in pre-or postdispersal fitness.Methods We compared genetic and clonal diversity,mating system,morphological traits that might be associated with resistance to freezing,and germination,survival and seed production of progeny of the red and white fruit morphs in a population of a diploid,wild strawberry,Fragaria pentaphylla,from south-central China.Important Findings The red morph was much more abundant than the white but did not show higher genetic diversity as measured by observed and effective numbers of alleles,Shannon information index,or expected or observed heterozygosities.AMOVA showed that most of the genetic variation in the population was within rather than between morphs.Morphs did not differ in mating system parameters,and no significant biparental inbreeding was found in either morph.Gene flow between two morphs was high(N_(m)=6.89).Seeds of the red morph germinated about 2 days earlier and had a 40%higher rate of germination than those of the white morph,but survival of seedlings and seed production by surviving offspring did not differ between morphs.The whole postdispersal fitness of the red morph was about two times higher than that of the white morph.Red morphs had hairier petioles but not more surface wax on leaves.Overall,results showed partial evidence for difference in pre-and postdispersal fitness between fruit color morphs in F.pentaphylla.Differences in fitness independent of dispersal may thus partially account for fruit color polymorphism in all cases.